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Rong T, Yuan Y, Yang H, Yu H, Zuo H, Wang J, Xue Q. Investigation of the enrichment-purification process and electrochemical performance of kish graphite in dust from blast furnace tapping yard. Waste Manag 2024; 175:121-132. [PMID: 38194797 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Kish graphite is a typical byproduct of steel production, and its enrichment and purification are essential prerequisites for its high value and comprehensive utilization. To solve the problem of recovery and application of difficult-to-treat kish graphite with a small particle size obtained from metallurgical dust, kish graphite in blast furnace tapping yard dust was effectively enriched and purified by a comprehensive flotation-acid leaching treatment process in this study. The influence of the flotation agents on the flotation process was explored. The results showed that the optimized flotation agent dosage was 500.0 g·t-1 (collector) and 120.0 g·t-1 (frother), respectively. Based on the optimized flotation scheme, a graphite concentrate (FG) with 79.12 % carbon content and 93.5 % carbon recovery was obtained. After the leaching treatment with a HCl-HF mixed acid solution, the carbon content of the graphite concentrate increased to 95.55 %. The ID/IG value of the graphite concentrate was 0.145, and the average lattice spacing was approximately 0.3354 nm. The SEM results showed that the leaching-treated graphite concentrate (AFG) had a loose, fragment-like structure. When used as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries, The AFG still provided a high reversible capacity of ∼370 mAh·g-1 and excellent coulombic efficiency of 99.6 % after 350 cycles. In addition, an industrial-grade recycling and utilization path for kish graphite based on a circular supply chain strategy was proposed. The results of this study may serve as a conceptual basis for the recovery and application of kish graphite from metallurgical dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Haoqing Yang
- Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Machinery Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd., Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huafang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Jingsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Qingguo Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, Beijing, China
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Chalaris M, Gkika DA, Tolkou AK, Kyzas GZ. Advancements and sustainable strategies for the treatment and management of wastewaters from metallurgical industries: an overview. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:119627-119653. [PMID: 37962753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Metallurgy is pivotal for societal progress, yet it yields wastewater laden with hazardous compounds. Adhering to stringent environmental mandates, the scientific and industrial sectors are actively researching resilient treatment and disposal solutions for metallurgical effluents. The primary origins of organic pollutants within the metallurgical sector include processes such as coke quenching, steel rolling, solvent extraction, and electroplating. This article provides a detailed analysis of strategies for treating steel industry waste in wastewater treatment. Recent advancements in membrane technologies, adsorption, and various other processes for removing hazardous pollutants from steel industrial wastewater are comprehensively reviewed. The literature review reveals that advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) demonstrate superior effectiveness in eliminating persistent contaminants. However, the major challenges to their industrial-scale implementation are their cost and scalability. Additionally, it was discovered that employing a series of biological reactors instead of single-step biological processes enhances command over microbial communities and operating variables, thus boosting the efficacy of the treatment mechanism (e.g., achieving a chemical oxygen demand (COD) elimination rate of over 90%). This review seeks to conduct an in-depth examination of the current state of treating metallurgical wastewater, with a particular emphasis on strategies for pollutant removal. These pollutants exhibit distinct features influenced by the technologies and workflows unique to their respective processes, including factors such as their composition, physicochemical properties, and concentrations. Therefore, it is of utmost importance for customized treatment and disposal approaches, which are the central focus of this review. In this context, we will explore these methods, highlighting their advantages and characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Chalaris
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece.
| | - Despina A Gkika
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
| | - Athanasia K Tolkou
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
| | - George Z Kyzas
- Hephaestus Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, International Hellenic University, Kavala, Greece
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Dhara S, Samanta NS, Uppaluri R, Purkait MK. High-purity alkaline lignin extraction from Saccharum ravannae and optimization of lignin recovery through response surface methodology. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123594. [PMID: 36791942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Saccharum ravannae, known as "Ekra" in the Northeast region of India, is an elephant grass species that abundantly grows in the natural habitat of Assam. This study aims to utilize this wild grass species and extract alkaline lignin of high purity through KOH-mediated alkaline hydrothermal pretreatment using the Oil bath process. Lignin recovery was optimized using RSM (response surface methodology) combined with a central composite model. Three process parameters, namely KOH concentration (1-3 %), reaction time (50-200 min), and solid loading (5-15 %), varied to optimize the combined effect of these parameters. RSM predicted a maximum lignin recovery of 15.38 g/100 g of raw biomass at optimum conditions (2.4 % KOH, 6.41 % solid loading, 176.57 min). Three experimental runs were performed at optimum conditions, and 15.81 ± 0.32 g/100 g lignin recovery was obtained, thus verifying the predicted result. Maximum 93.7 % purity of extracted lignin was achieved in a different operating condition (3 % KOH, 10 % solid loading, 125 min). The commercial and extracted alkaline lignin with maximum purity was characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The extracted lignin shows higher phenolic content and more functional groups than commercial lignin and can be used for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simons Dhara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Niladri Shekhar Samanta
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - R Uppaluri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - M K Purkait
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Samanta NS, Das PP, Mondal P, Changmai M, Purkait MK. Critical review on the synthesis and advancement of industrial and biomass waste-based zeolites and their applications in gas adsorption and biomedical studies. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022; 99:100761. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Shukla A, Prakash O, Biswas R, Vijay R, Pal S. Design and preliminary techno-economic assessment of a pilot scale pharmaceutical wastewater treatment system for ammonia removal and recovery of fertilizer. J Environ Manage 2022; 321:115898. [PMID: 35985267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of nutrients from wastewater has a paramount importance for a sustainable and safe environment. In this study removal of ammonia and recovery of resources in the form of struvite from a complex pharmaceutical acidic wastewater having high concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4-N > 40 g/L) and other co-existing contaminants (magnesium, phosphorous, phenol etc.) was explored. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for design of experiments and process optimization. RSM results revealed that removal of ammoniacal nitrogen, i.e., struvite precipitation was found to be maximum in alkaline pH (10.5-11.0) at a N:Mg molar ratio (1:0.030 to 1:0.035) and N:P molar ratio (1:0.025 to 1:0.030). X-Ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of struvite crystals in the obtained precipitate. Techno-economic assessment (TEA) based on mass energy balance principle and market equipment specifications revealed that a pilot-scale plant set up would have a break-even period of 1.06 years with a return on investment as 94.28%. This clearly elucidated the economic viability of the developed process for industrial applications for management of high ammonia laden pharmaceutical wastewater. While further specific technological improvements are needed for reduction of cost, this study will guide researchers and industries for careful selection of target markets to reduce the cost for successful implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol Shukla
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - Om Prakash
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India.
| | - Rima Biswas
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Ritesh Vijay
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
| | - Sukdeb Pal
- Wastewater Technology Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Labied R, Ouraghi M, Hazam S, Touahra F, Lerari D. Effect of Porogen Agent on Bio-Based Membranes Filtration Performances: Experimental and Theoritical Study. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Sharma M, Das PP, Sood T, Chakraborty A, Purkait MK. Reduced graphene oxide incorporated polyvinylidene fluoride/cellulose acetate proton exchange membrane for energy extraction using microbial fuel cells. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bora U, Purkait MK. Promising integrated technique for the treatment of highly saline nanofiltration rejected stream of steel industry. J Environ Manage 2021; 300:113781. [PMID: 34560466 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This work presents a novel concept for the integration of closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) technology and solvent-based precipitation as a means of producing an exceptional quality of water by separating the salts especially chlorides and sulphates from highly saline nanofiltration (NF) rejected stream of the steel industry. The NF rejected stream was extremely concentrated with salts like chloride (1560 mg/L), sulphate (4212 mg/L), manganese (28 mg/L), sodium (418 mg/L) and total dissolved solids (TDS), as high as 8100 mg/L, which are well above the permissible limit for surface discharge. The outcome of this work showed that reverse osmosis (RO) with continuous brine recycling achieved excellent desalination performance. Miscible organic solvents such as diisopropylamine (DIIPA), isopropylamine (IPA), and ethylamine (EA) were found to be effective in precipitating chloride and sulphate ions from highly concentrated RO brine. The overall removal efficiency of sulphate and chloride was found to be 99.88% and 91%, respectively. Preliminary treatment cost was estimated and found to be around 7.35 $/m3. The treated water can either be recycled in the system or safely released into the environment. The readers of this research article will be benefitted by gaining a thorough understanding of the treatment of concentrated brine from nanofiltration using an integrated RO-precipitation technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Bora
- Centre for the Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - M K Purkait
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Liu G, Wang M, Gao H, Cui C, Gao J. Spiropyran modified polyvinyl alcohol sponge as a light-responsive adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) in aqueous solution. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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