1
|
Goldwasser Y, Rabinowitz O, Achdary G, Kapiluto O, Abu-Nasser J, Smirnov E, Eizenberg H. The Invasive Weed Trianthema portulacastrum in Israel. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:518. [PMID: 38498474 PMCID: PMC10892209 DOI: 10.3390/plants13040518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Aizoaceae), commonly known as desert horse purslane or black pigweed, is a C4 dicot succulent annual herb that is widespread in Southeast Asia, tropical America, Africa, and Australia. In Israel, it is an invasive weed of increasing importance in agricultural fields. The aim of this study was to investigate the biology of this invasive weed and its spread in the Hula Valley of Israel. Initial studies included the investigation of the T. portulacastrum specimens held at the Israel National Herbarium. On-site surveillance for the identification of weed infestation locations was conducted in the Hula Valley throughout 2019-2022, and an infestation map was assembled. In a study of the plant biology, greenhouse pot experiments revealed that T. portulacastrum seeds emerge best from the upper soil levels, and as seed depth increases, the emergence rate decreases, so that at 6 cm soil depth, there was no emergence. In controlled-environment growth chamber studies, there were no significant differences in germination with or without light. A maximum germination of 81% was observed for a 12 h night/day of 25/35 °C regime. Germination rates decreased with the decrease in temperature. A seed germination thermal time model that was developed for estimating the minimum temperature required for germination (Tbase) computed this temperature to be 10 °C. This study revealed the biology, in particular seed germination and emergence requirements, of the invasive weed T. portulacastrum that has spread in the Hula Valley in Israel and beyond. Future research will focus on an examination of control measures to combat this invasive weed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Onn Rabinowitz
- Northern Research and Development, Kiryat Shmona 1101600, Israel;
| | - Guy Achdary
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel; (G.A.); (O.K.); (J.A.-N.); (E.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Omer Kapiluto
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel; (G.A.); (O.K.); (J.A.-N.); (E.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Jackline Abu-Nasser
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel; (G.A.); (O.K.); (J.A.-N.); (E.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Evgeny Smirnov
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel; (G.A.); (O.K.); (J.A.-N.); (E.S.); (H.E.)
| | - Hanan Eizenberg
- Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay 3009500, Israel; (G.A.); (O.K.); (J.A.-N.); (E.S.); (H.E.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ahmad S, Khalofah A, Khan SA, Khan KA, Jilani MJ, Hussain T, Skalicky M, Ghramh HA, Ahmad Z. Effects of native pollinator communities on the physiological and chemical parameters of loquat tree ( Eriobotrya japonica) under open field condition. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3235-3241. [PMID: 34121860 PMCID: PMC8176055 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild and managed pollinators are the key component of biodiversity, contributing to important ecosystem services such as pollination and supporting human food security. Pollination by insects is a crucial component of the food chain that ensures the production of fruits and strongly affects the fruit quality, but the effect of insect pollination on fruit physiological and chemical parameters is largely unknown. The current study was conducted to determine the insect pollinators diversity and their relative abundance in the loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) orchard during 2017–2019. Further, the effect of insect pollinators pollination on the physiological and chemical parameters of fruit quality as compared to control pollinated flowers was investigated. The results revealed that a total of 22 species from 3 families (Apidae, Halictidae, and Syrphidae) were identified during the flowering season. The Apidae and Syrphidae were the most frequently observed families with major groups honey bees (67.89%) and hoverflies (21.57%), respectively. Moreover, results indicated that the fruit yield by the open-pollinated flowers (22.31 ± 0.34 kg/tree) was significantly higher than the control pollinated flowers (14.80 ± 0.25 kg/tree). Physiological and chemical parameters of loquat fruit differed significantly when fruits obtained from open-pollinated flowers as compared to control pollinated flowers. These results suggested that native insect pollinators play important role in the fruit quality of loquat. Hence, maintenance of appropriate habitat of native pollinators near loquat orchards is necessary to ensure good productivity and fruit quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saboor Ahmad
- Institute of Apicultural Research/Key Laboratory of Pollinating Insect Biology, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.,Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS) Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Ahlam Khalofah
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Research Centre for Advance Material Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahmshad Ahmed Khan
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS) Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Research Centre for Advance Material Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Jawad Jilani
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Melbourne Burwood Campus Deakin University, Australia
| | - Taimoor Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS) Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Milan Skalicky
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czechia
| | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Research Centre for Advance Material Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zubair Ahmad
- Research Centre for Advance Material Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.,Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, King Khalid University, Dhahran Al Janoub, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|