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Smistad M, Tollersrud TS, Austbø L, Porcellato D, Wolff C, Asal B, Phythian CJ, Oppegaard O, Jørgensen HJ. Molecular detection and genotype characterization of Streptococcus dysgalactiae from sheep flocks with outbreaks of infectious arthritis. Vet Microbiol 2021; 262:109221. [PMID: 34482054 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of infectious arthritis in young lambs are a growing concern for the Norwegian sheep industry. In other countries, Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) is a frequent cause of such outbreaks. The objectives of this study were to investigate the causes of outbreaks of infections arthritis in Norwegian sheep flocks, and describe the sources, colonization patterns and genetic diversity of SDSD in affected and healthy sheep flocks. Almost 2000 samples from joints, animal body sites and the indoor environment were analysed by qPCR and culturing for SDSD, which was detected in 27 of 30 flocks. The proportion of positive samples was greater in outbreak flocks compared to healthy flocks. Altogether, SDSD was detected in 48 % of the samples from lambs, 27 % of the samples from ewes and 48 % of environmental samples. A relatively high proportion (67 %) of ear tag wounds were SDSD positive. These wounds may provide a port of entry for SDSD. Whole genome sequencing revealed a clonal distribution of SDSD-isolates, and identified four different multi locus sequence types (STs), among which two STs, ST454 and ST531, dominated. These STs were found in geographically distant flocks. ST454 was almost exclusively found in outbreak flocks. The current study points to skin, wounds and mucous membranes of animals as the main reservoir of SDSD in sheep flocks. However, a significantly higher proportion of SDSD-positive environmental samples in outbreak flocks compared to healthy flocks suggests that also indirect transmission may play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Smistad
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway; TINE SA, P.O. Box 7, 0901, Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Lars Austbø
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Davide Porcellato
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Cecilia Wolff
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Basma Asal
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
| | - Clare J Phythian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Production Animal Clinical Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Svebastadveien 112, 4325, Sandnes, Norway
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Stilwell JM, St Pierre A, Epstein KL, Gottdenker NL. Pathology in Practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021; 257:603-606. [PMID: 32857007 DOI: 10.2460/javma.257.6.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Smistad M, Wolff C, Tollersrud T, Tømmerberg V, Phythian C, Kampen AH, Jørgensen HJ. Flock-level risk factors for outbreaks of infectious arthritis in lambs, Norway 2018. Acta Vet Scand 2020; 62:64. [PMID: 33228728 PMCID: PMC7686670 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-020-00561-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of infectious arthritis in young lambs associated with Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) lead to reduced animal welfare, increased use of antibiotics and economic losses for sheep farmers. Understanding risk factors is essential when developing strategies to prevent such outbreaks. This questionnaire-based cross-sectional study classified sheep flocks of respondents as cases or controls. Flock-level risk factors for outbreaks of infectious arthritis were assessed using a multivariable logistic regression model. RESULTS Eighty-four of 1498 respondents (5.6%) experienced an outbreak of infectious arthritis in their flock in 2018, the year of study. Factors associated with a higher risk of outbreak were larger flock size (OR 1.3, 95% CI 1.1-1.4, per 100 lambs), plastic mesh flooring in the lambing pen (OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.7-5.3) and a lambing percentage greater than 200 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1-3.5). Flocks where farmers observed infections around the ear tags of lambs also had an increased risk of outbreak (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.6-4.3). CONCLUSIONS The risk factors identified in this study are characteristic of modern and intensively managed sheep farms in Norway. A distinguishing feature of Norwegian sheep farming is winter housing and indoor lambing. One might expect that this in itself is a risk factor because of high stocking densities during lambing. However, outbreaks of infectious arthritis in young lambs are reported by the industry to be a more recent phenomenon. The current study indicates that intensification of indoor management systems with larger flocks and higher production per ewe may predispose to outbreaks. The results provide a basis for further studies on transmission dynamics of SDSD in sheep flocks with indoor lambing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marit Smistad
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, 0454 Oslo, Norway
- TINE SA, Postboks 7, 0901 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilia Wolff
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Ullevålsveien 68, 0454 Oslo, Norway
| | - Tore Tollersrud
- Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Lørenveien 38, 0513 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vibeke Tømmerberg
- Norwegian Meat and Poultry Research Centre, Lørenveien 38, 0513 Oslo, Norway
| | - Clare Phythian
- Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Production Animal Clinical Science, Svebastadveien 112, 4325 Sandnes, Norway
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Maekawa S, Wang YT, Yoshida T, Wang PC, Chen SC. Group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae infection in fish. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:963-970. [PMID: 32662090 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (GCSD) is a Gram-positive, facultative anaerobic bacterium and mostly non-β-haemolytic with Lancefield group C antigen. GCSD infection has been identified in various vertebrates. From 2002 to the present, GCSD infection of fish has been reported to cause severe economic losses in aquaculture farms around the world. Moreover, GCSD isolates from teleosts have been identified in patients with ascending upper limb cellulitis. Therefore, the economic and clinical significance of GCSD has increased in aquaculture, livestock and human health. Many studies have been presented, from the first report of isolated GCSD in fish, to the pathogenesis, characterization, immune responses and vaccine development. In this review, we present the current knowledge of GCSD in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Maekawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- General Research Service Centre, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Terutoyo Yoshida
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Pei-Chi Wang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chu Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- International Degree Program of Ornamental Fish Technology and Aquatic Animal Health, International College, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Zhao F, He S, Tan AP, Guo XZ, Jiang L, Liu-Fu C, Deng YT, Zhang RQ. Isolation, identification and character analysis of Streptococcus dysgalactiae from Megalobrama terminalis. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2020; 43:239-252. [PMID: 31820468 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Pure bacterial cultures were isolated from different tissues of moribund Megalobrama terminalis from a high mortality event that occurred at a farm in Foshan, China. Two isolates (F2 and F3) were identified as Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae based on morphological and biochemical detection as well as molecular analysis. In brain heart infusion broth, the best growth conditions of isolate F3 were 35ºC, salinity 5‰ and pH 7. Furthermore, infection with isolate F3 (1.2 × 106 CFU/fish) led to the death of M. terminalis and zebrafish (Danio rerio). However, isolate F3 had no obvious pathogenicity to tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus). When the water temperature was 29ºC, the corresponding mortality rates for zebrafish infected by isolate F3 were higher than those at 23ºC. Culture for 24 and 72 hr with isolate F3 resulted in the same mortality rates for zebrafish. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay revealed that isolate F3 was susceptible to ampicillin, florfenicol and several other antibiotics but resistant to nalidixic acid, streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, neomycin and amikacin. To our knowledge, this is the first report that S. dysgalactiae infected the subtropical freshwater fish M. terminalis, which indicates that this bacterium is a potential threat to subtropical freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan He
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Tan
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue-Zhong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cui Liu-Fu
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Ting Deng
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui-Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology of Guangdong Province, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Ridler A, Hickson R, Griffiths K, Pettigrew E, Kenyon P. Effects of Streptococcus dysgalactiae polyarthritis on lamb growth and mortality and risk factors for disease. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gascoigne E, Lovatt F, Davies A, Reader J. Increasing vet and sheep flock interactions in dairy practice. IN PRACTICE 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/inp.l1530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ghosh S, Nishat S, Andreana PR. Synthesis of an Aminooxy Derivative of the Tetrasaccharide Repeating Unit of Streptococcus dysgalactiae 2023 Polysaccharide for a PS A1 Conjugate Vaccine. J Org Chem 2016; 81:4475-84. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry
and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Sharmeen Nishat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry
and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
| | - Peter R. Andreana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and School of Green Chemistry
and Engineering, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft Street, Toledo, Ohio 43606, United States
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Rutherford SJ, Jeckel S, Ridler A. Characteristics of sheep flocks affected by Streptococcus dysgalactiae arthritis. Vet Rec 2015; 176:435. [PMID: 25724543 DOI: 10.1136/vr.102781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S-J Rutherford
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL97TA, UK
| | - S Jeckel
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, Hatfield, Hertfordshire AL97TA, UK
| | - A Ridler
- Institute of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11-222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Rutherford SJ, Rycroft AN, Ridler AL. Sources of Streptococcus dysgalactiae
in English and Welsh sheep flocks affected by infectious arthritis (joint ill). Vet Rec 2014; 174:579. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.101753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. J. Rutherford
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane Hatfield Hertfordshire AL97TA UK
| | - A. N. Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology; Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane Hatfield Hertfordshire AL97TA UK
| | - A. L. Ridler
- Institute of Veterinary; Animal and Biomedical Sciences; Massey University; Private Bag 11-222 Palmerston North New Zealand
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Abdelsalam M, Fujino M, Eissa A, Chen S, Warda M. Expression, genetic localization and phylogenic analysis of NAPlr in piscine Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae isolates and their patterns of adherence. J Adv Res 2014; 6:747-55. [PMID: 26425363 PMCID: PMC4563591 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae, the long recognized mammalian pathogen, has currently received a major concern regarding fish bacterial infection. Adhesion to host epithelial cells and the presence of wall-associated plasminogen binding proteins are prerequisites to Streptococcus infection. This is the first study of the occurrence of nephritis-associated plasminogen-binding receptor (NAPlr) and α-enolase genes in piscine S. dysgalactiae subspecies dysgalactiae (SDSD) isolates. Further characterization of surface localized NAPlr of fish SDSD revealed a similar immune-reactive band of 43 KDa as that from porcine S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE). The phylogenetic analysis revealed that NAPlr of fish SDSD is more associated with those of mammalian SDSE and Streptococcus pyogenes rather than of other streptococci. Our findings warrant public attention to the possible implication of these virulence genes in dissemination of SDSD to different tissues of infected hosts and to get advantage to new niches. The SDSD adherence patterns were also studied to better understand their pathogenicity. The patterns of adherence of SDSD on two different cell lines showed a different pattern of adherence. Such difference gives an insight about the variance in host susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Abdelsalam
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +20 2 1122671243, +2 2 35720399; fax: +20 2 35725240, +20 2 35710305.
| | - M. Fujino
- AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A.E. Eissa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
- Departments of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - S.C. Chen
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - M. Warda
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology Center for Services and Researches, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, 12211 Giza, Egypt
- Corresponding authors. Tel.: +20 2 1122671243, +2 2 35720399; fax: +20 2 35725240, +20 2 35710305.
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Abdelsalam M, Eissa AE, Chen SC. Genetic diversity of geographically distinct Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolates from fish. J Adv Res 2013; 6:233-8. [PMID: 25750757 PMCID: PMC4348444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2013.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus dysgalactiae is an emerging pathogen of fish. Clinically, infection is characterized by the development of necrotic lesions at the caudal peduncle of infected fishes. The pathogen has been recently isolated from different fish species in many countries. Twenty S. dysgalactiae isolates collected from Japan, Taiwan, Malaysia and Indonesia were molecularly characterized by biased sinusoidal field gel electrophoresis (BSFGE) using SmaI enzyme, and tuf gene sequencing analysis. DNA sequencing of ten S. dysgalactiae revealed no genetic variation in the tuf amplicons, except for three strains. The restriction patterns of chromosomal DNA measured by BSFGE were differentiated into six distinct types and one subtype among collected strains. To our knowledge, this report gives the first snapshot of S. dysgalactiae isolates collected from different countries that are localized geographically and differed on a multinational level. This genetic unrelatedness among different isolates might suggest a high recombination rate and low genetic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Abdelsalam
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - A E Eissa
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt ; Departments of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tripoli University, Tripoli, Libya
| | - S-C Chen
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan ; Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Virulence gene pool detected in bovine group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae isolates by use of a group A S. pyogenes virulence microarray. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49:2470-9. [PMID: 21525223 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00008-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A custom-designed microarray containing 220 virulence genes of Streptococcus pyogenes (group A Streptococcus [GAS]) was used to test group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (GCS) field strains causing bovine mastitis and group C or group G Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (GCS/GGS) isolates from human infections, with the latter being used for comparative purposes, for the presence of virulence genes. All bovine and all human isolates carried a fraction of the 220 genes (23% and 39%, respectively). The virulence genes encoding streptolysin S, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the plasminogen-binding M-like protein PAM, and the collagen-like protein SclB were detected in the majority of both bovine and human isolates (94 to 100%). Virulence factors, usually carried by human beta-hemolytic streptococcal pathogens, such as streptokinase, laminin-binding protein, and the C5a peptidase precursor, were detected in all human isolates but not in bovine isolates. Additionally, GAS bacteriophage-associated virulence genes encoding superantigens, DNase, and/or streptodornase were detected in bovine isolates (72%) but not in the human isolates. Determinants located in non-bacteriophage-related mobile elements, such as the gene encoding R28, were detected in all bovine and human isolates. Several virulence genes, including genes of bacteriophage origin, were shown to be expressed by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR). Phylogenetic analysis of superantigen gene sequences revealed a high level (>98%) of identity among genes of bovine GCS, of the horse pathogen Streptococcus equi subsp. equi, and of the human pathogen GAS. Our findings indicate that alpha-hemolytic bovine GCS, an important mastitis pathogen and considered to be a nonhuman pathogen, carries important virulence factors responsible for virulence and pathogenesis in humans.
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Petridou EJ, Gianniki Z, Giadinis ND, Filioussis G, Dovas CI, Psychas V. Outbreak of polyarthritis in lambs attributed to Pasteurella multocida. Vet Rec 2011; 168:50. [PMID: 21257563 DOI: 10.1136/vr.c4745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E J Petridou
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 546 27, Greece
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Abdelsalam M, Chen SC, Yoshida T. Dissemination of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin G (spegg) with an IS-like element in fish isolates of Streptococcus dysgalactiae. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2010; 309:105-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2010.02024.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Abdelsalam M, Chen SC, Yoshida T. Phenotypic and genetic characterizations of Streptococcus dysgalactiae strains isolated from fish collected in Japan and other Asian countries. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 302:32-8. [PMID: 19895643 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lancefield group C Streptococcus dysgalactiae is an emerging fish pathogen, which was first isolated in 2002 in Japan. Streptococcus dysgalactiae isolates collected from diseased fish in Japan (n=12), Taiwan (n=12), China (n=2), Malaysia (n=3), and Indonesia (n=1) were characterized using biased sinusoidal field gel electrophoresis (BSFGE), sodA gene sequence analysis, and antimicrobial susceptibility. These isolates exhibited high phenotypic homogeneity irrespective of the countries from where the strains were collected. Seventeen isolates were found to be resistant to oxytetracycline and carried the tet(M) gene, except for the strains collected in Taiwan and the PP1564 strain collected in China. The sodA gene sequence analysis revealed that 23 isolates were identical, except for one Japanese isolate (KNH07902), in which a single nucleotide differed from that of the other isolates. Based on BSFGE typing by ApaI macrorestriction, the isolates - including the Japanese, Taiwanese, and Chinese isolates - could be grouped into one main cluster at a 70% similarity level. However, the macrorestriction genotypes of some isolates were apparently distinct from those of the main cluster.
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