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Shi L, Luo J, Wei X, Xu X, Tu L. The protective role of ginsenoside Rg3 in heart diseases and mental disorders. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1327033. [PMID: 38469409 PMCID: PMC10926849 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1327033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rg3, a compound derived from Panax ginseng C. A. Mey., is increasingly recognized for its wide range of pharmacological effects. Under the worldwide healthcare challenges posed by heart diseases, Rg3 stands out as a key subject in modern research on Chinese herbal medicine, offering a novel approach to therapy. Mental illnesses are significant contributors to global disease mortality, and there is a well-established correlation between cardiac and psychiatric conditions. This connection is primarily due to dysfunctions in the sympathetic-adrenomedullary system (SAM), the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor impairment. This review provides an in-depth analysis of Rg3's therapeutic benefits and its pharmacological actions in treating cardiac and mental health disorders respectively. Highlighting its potential for the management of these conditions, Rg3 emerges as a promising, multifunctional therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Shi
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlan Luo
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiupan Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xizhen Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ling Tu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Wuhan, China
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Pecchillo Cimmino T, Panico I, Scarano S, Stornaiuolo M, Esposito G, Ammendola R, Cattaneo F. Formyl Peptide Receptor 2-Dependent cPLA2 and 5-LOX Activation Requires a Functional NADPH Oxidase. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:220. [PMID: 38397818 PMCID: PMC10886330 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Phospholipases (PL) A2 catalyzes the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids and mostly generates arachidonic acid (AA). The enzyme 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) can metabolize AA to obtain inflammatory leukotrienes, whose biosynthesis highly depends on cPLA2 and 5-LOX activities. Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 (FPR2) belongs to a subfamily of class A GPCRs and is considered the most versatile FPRs isoform. Signaling triggered by FPR2 includes the activation of several downstream kinases and NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent ROS generation. In a metabolomic analysis we observed a significant increase in AA concentration in FPR2-stimulated lung cancer cell line CaLu-6. We analyzed cPLA2 phosphorylation and observed a time-dependent increase in cPLA2 Ser505 phosphorylation in FPR2-stimulated cells, which was prevented by the MEK inhibitor (PD098059) and the p38MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) and by blocking NOX function. Similarly, we demonstrated that phosphorylation of 5-LOX at Ser271 and Ser663 residues requires FPR2-dependent p38MAPK and ERKs activation. Moreover, we showed that 5-LOX Ser271 phosphorylation depends on a functional NOX expression. Our overall data demonstrate for the first time that FPR2-induced ERK- and p38MAPK-dependent phosphorylation/activation of cPLA2 and 5-LOX requires a functional NADPH oxidase. These findings represent an important step towards future novel therapeutic possibilities aimed at resolving the inflammatory processes underlying many human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Pecchillo Cimmino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (T.P.C.); (I.P.); (S.S.); (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Iolanda Panico
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (T.P.C.); (I.P.); (S.S.); (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Simona Scarano
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (T.P.C.); (I.P.); (S.S.); (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Mariano Stornaiuolo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (T.P.C.); (I.P.); (S.S.); (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (T.P.C.); (I.P.); (S.S.); (G.E.); (R.A.)
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (T.P.C.); (I.P.); (S.S.); (G.E.); (R.A.)
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3
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Prevete N, Poto R, Marone G, Varricchi G. Unleashing the power of formyl peptide receptor 2 in cardiovascular disease. Cytokine 2023; 169:156298. [PMID: 37454543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
N-formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors with a wide distribution in immune and non-immune cells, recognizing N-formyl peptides from bacterial and mitochondrial origin and several endogenous signals. Three FPRs have been identified in humans: FPR1, FPR2, and FPR3. Most FPR ligands can activate a pro-inflammatory response, while a limited group of FPR agonists can elicit anti-inflammatory and homeostatic responses. Annexin A1 (AnxA1), a glucocorticoid-induced protein, its N-terminal peptide Ac2-26, and lipoxin A4 (LXA4), a lipoxygenase-derived eicosanoid mediator, exert significant immunomodulatory effects by interacting with FPR2 and/or FPR1. The ability of FPRs to recognize both ligands with pro-inflammatory or inflammation-resolving properties places them in a crucial position in the balance between activation against harmful events and maintaince of tissue integrity. A new field of investigation focused on the role of FPRs in the setting of heart injury. FPRs are expressed on cardiac macrophages, which are the predominant immune cells in the myocardium and play a key role in heart diseases. Several endogenous (AnxA1, LXA4) and synthetic compounds (compound 43, BMS-986235) reduced infarct size and promoted the resolution of inflammation via the activation of FPR2 on cardiac macrophages. Further studies should evaluate FPR2 role in other cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella Prevete
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Remo Poto
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gianni Marone
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gilda Varricchi
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy; Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; World Allergy Organization (WAO), Center of Excellence (CoE), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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4
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Iosef C, Knauer MJ, Nicholson M, Van Nynatten LR, Cepinskas G, Draghici S, Han VKM, Fraser DD. Plasma proteome of Long-COVID patients indicates HIF-mediated vasculo-proliferative disease with impact on brain and heart function. J Transl Med 2023; 21:377. [PMID: 37301958 PMCID: PMC10257382 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Long-COVID occurs after SARS-CoV-2 infection and results in diverse, prolonged symptoms. The present study aimed to unveil potential mechanisms, and to inform prognosis and treatment. METHODS Plasma proteome from Long-COVID outpatients was analyzed in comparison to matched acutely ill COVID-19 (mild and severe) inpatients and healthy control subjects. The expression of 3072 protein biomarkers was determined with proximity extension assays and then deconvoluted with multiple bioinformatics tools into both cell types and signaling mechanisms, as well as organ specificity. RESULTS Compared to age- and sex-matched acutely ill COVID-19 inpatients and healthy control subjects, Long-COVID outpatients showed natural killer cell redistribution with a dominant resting phenotype, as opposed to active, and neutrophils that formed extracellular traps. This potential resetting of cell phenotypes was reflected in prospective vascular events mediated by both angiopoietin-1 (ANGPT1) and vascular-endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA). Several markers (ANGPT1, VEGFA, CCR7, CD56, citrullinated histone 3, elastase) were validated by serological methods in additional patient cohorts. Signaling of transforming growth factor-β1 with probable connections to elevated EP/p300 suggested vascular inflammation and tumor necrosis factor-α driven pathways. In addition, a vascular proliferative state associated with hypoxia inducible factor 1 pathway suggested progression from acute COVID-19 to Long-COVID. The vasculo-proliferative process predicted in Long-COVID might contribute to changes in the organ-specific proteome reflective of neurologic and cardiometabolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings point to a vasculo-proliferative process in Long-COVID that is likely initiated either prior hypoxia (localized or systemic) and/or stimulatory factors (i.e., cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, angiotensin, etc). Analyses of the plasma proteome, used as a surrogate for cellular signaling, unveiled potential organ-specific prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Iosef
- Children's Health Research Institute, Victoria Research Laboratories, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.
| | - Michael J Knauer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Michael Nicholson
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | | | - Gediminas Cepinskas
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Sorin Draghici
- Department of Computer Science College of Engineering, Wayne State University, Ann Arbor, MI, 48202, USA
- Advaita Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, 48105-2552, USA
- National Science Foundation, Alexandria, VA, 22314, USA
| | - Victor K M Han
- Children's Health Research Institute, Victoria Research Laboratories, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Douglas D Fraser
- Children's Health Research Institute, Victoria Research Laboratories, 800 Commissioners Road East, London, ON, N6C 2V5, Canada.
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, N6C 2R5, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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5
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Nowicki M, Wierzbowska A, Szymańska B, Nowicki G, Szmigielska-Kapło A. Inflammation-related mRNA expression in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing hematopoietic stem cell mobilization. Exp Hematol 2023:S0301-472X(23)00069-3. [PMID: 36906219 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Mobilization of CD34+ cells is a key element in the therapy of patients with multiple myeloma undergoing autologous stem cell transplantation. The use of chemotherapy and the granulocyte colony-stimulating factor can significantly affect the expression of inflammation-related proteins and the migration of hematopoietic stem cells. We assessed the mRNA expression of selected proteins involved in the inflammatory landscape in MM patients (n=71). The aim of the study was to evaluate C-C motif chemokine ligand 3, 4, 5 (CCL3, CCL4, CCL5), leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) levels in the course of mobilization and their role in the CD34+ collection efficacy. mRNA expression from peripheral blood plasma was evaluated by RT-PCR. We observed a deep decline in CCL3, CCL4, LECT2, and TNF mRNA expression on the day of the first apheresis (day A) as compared to baseline. A negative correlation was observed between CCL3, FPR2, LECT2, TNF level, and the CD34+ cells count in peripheral blood on day A, and the number of CD34+ cells obtained at first apheresis . Our results indicate that the investigated mRNAs significantly alter and may regulate the migration of CD34+ cells during mobilization. Moreover, in case of FPR2 and LECT2, the results obtained in patients differ from the murine models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Nowicki
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer Center and Traumatology, Poland; Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Wierzbowska
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer Center and Traumatology, Poland; Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | - Bożena Szymańska
- Central Scientific Laboratory, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Anna Szmigielska-Kapło
- Department of Hematology and Transplantology, Copernicus Memorial Hospital in Lodz Comprehensive Cancer Center and Traumatology, Poland; Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Poland
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6
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Abstract
Inflammation and its timely resolution are critical to ensure effective host defense and appropriate tissue repair after injury and or infection. Chronic, unresolved inflammation typifies many prevalent pathologies. The key mediators that initiate and drive the inflammatory response are well defined and targeted by conventional anti-inflammatory therapeutics. More recently, there is a growing appreciation that specific mediators, including arachidonate-derived lipoxins, are generated in self-limiting inflammatory responses to promote the resolution of inflammation and endogenous repair mechanisms without compromising host defense. We discuss the proresolving biological actions of lipoxins and recent efforts to harness their therapeutic potential through the development of novel, potent lipoxin mimetics generated via efficient, modular stereoselective synthetic pathways. We consider the evidence that lipoxin mimetics may have applications in limiting inflammation and reversing fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Godson
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
- The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick Guiry
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin Brennan
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland;
- The Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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7
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Perretti M, Subramanian M. Resolution pharmacology - A fresh approach to the clinical management of human inflammatory diseases. Semin Immunol 2023; 65:101669. [PMID: 36565567 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2022.101669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Perretti
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
| | - Manikandan Subramanian
- The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, United Kingdom.
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8
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Huang K, Wang Z, He Z, Li Y, Li S, Shen K, Zhu G, Liu Z, Lv S, Zhang C, Yang H, Yang X, Liu S. Downregulated formyl peptide receptor 2 expression in the epileptogenic foci of patients with focal cortical dysplasia type IIb and tuberous sclerosis complex. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e706. [PMID: 36301030 PMCID: PMC9597500 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Focal cortical dysplasia type IIb (FCDIIb) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) show persistent neuroinflammation, which promotes epileptogenesis and epilepsy progression, suggesting that endogenous resolution of inflammation is inadequate to relieve neuronal network hyperexcitability. To explore the potential roles of formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), which is a key regulator of inflammation resolution, in epilepsy caused by FCDIIb and TSC, we examined the expression and cellular distribution of FPR2. Method The expression of FPR2 and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathway was examined by real‐time PCR, western blots, and analyzed via one‐way analysis of variance. The distribution of FPR2 was detected using immunostaining. The expression of resolvin D1 (RvD1, the endogenous ligand of FPR2) was observed via enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Pearson's correlation test was used to evaluate the correlation between the expression levels of FPR2 and RvD1 and the clinical variants. Results The expression of FPR2 was significantly lower in FCDIIb (p = .0146) and TSC (p = .0006) cortical lesions than in controls, as was the expression of RvD1 (FCDIIb: p = .00431; TSC: p = .0439). Weak FPR2 immunoreactivity was observed in dysmorphic neurons (DNs), balloon cells (BCs), and giant cells (GCs) in FCDIIb and TSC tissues. Moreover, FPR2 was mainly distributed in dysplastic neurons; it was sparse in microglia and nearly absent in astrocytes. The NF‐κB pathway was significantly activated in patients with FCDIIb and TSC, and the protein level of NF‐κB was negatively correlated with the protein level of FPR2 (FCDIIb: p = .00395; TSC: p = .0399). In addition, the protein level of FPR2 was negatively correlated with seizure frequency in FCDIIb (p = .0434) and TSC (p = .0351) patients. Conclusion In summary, these results showed that the expression and specific distribution of FPR2 may be involved in epilepsy caused by FCDIIb and TSC, indicating that downregulation of FPR2 mediated the dysfunction of neuroinflammation resolution in FCDIIb and TSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Zhongke Wang
- Department of NeurosurgeryArmed Police Hospital of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Zeng He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Shujing Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Kaifeng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Gang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Zhonghong Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryArmed Police Hospital of ChongqingChongqingChina
| | - Shengqing Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Chunqing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
| | - Shiyong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Epilepsy Research Center of PLA, Xinqiao HospitalArmy Medical University (Third Military Medical University)ChongqingChina
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9
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Lupisella J, St-Onge S, Carrier M, Cook EM, Wang T, Sum C, Fernando G, Apgar K, Zhang R, Carson N, Snyder BJ, Ryan CS, Ma X, Dierks EA, Little S, Kick EK, Wurtz NR, Bouvier M, Héroux M, Garcia RA. Molecular Mechanisms of Desensitization Underlying the Differential Effects of Formyl Peptide Receptor 2 Agonists on Cardiac Structure-Function Post Myocardial Infarction. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:892-906. [PMID: 36268126 PMCID: PMC9578139 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) plays an integral role in the transition of macrophages from a pro-inflammatory program to one that is pro-resolving. FPR2-mediated stimulation of resolution post myocardial infarction has demonstrated efficacy in rodent models and is hypothesized to reduce progression into heart failure. FPR2 agonists that promote long-lasting receptor internalization can lead to persistent desensitization and diminished therapeutic benefits. In vitro signaling profiles and propensities for receptor desensitization of two clinically studied FPR2 agonists, namely, BMS-986235 and ACT-389949, were evaluated. In contrast to BMS-986235, pre-stimulation with ACT-389949 led to a decrease in its potency to inhibit cAMP production. Moreover, ACT-389949 displayed greater efficacy for β-arrestin recruitment, while efficacy of Gi activation was similar for both agonists. Following agonist-promoted FPR2 internalization, effective recycling to the plasma membrane was observed only with BMS-986235. Use of G protein-coupled receptor kinase (GRK) knock-out cells revealed a differential impact of GRK2 versus GRK5/6 on β-arrestin recruitment and Gi activation promoted by the two FPR2 agonists. In vivo, decreases of granulocytes in circulation were greatly diminished in mice treated with ACT-389949 but not for BMS-986235. With short-term dosing, both compounds induced a pro-resolution polarization state in cardiac monocyte/macrophages post myocardial infarction. By contrast, with long-term dosing, only BMS-986235 preserved the infarct wall thickness and increased left ventricular ejection fraction in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Altogether, the study shows that differences in the desensitization profiles induced by ACT-389949 and BMS-986235 at the molecular level may explain their distinct inflammatory/pro-resolving activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Lupisella
- Department
of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Stéphane St-Onge
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université
de Montréal, QuebecH3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Marilyn Carrier
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université
de Montréal, QuebecH3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Erica M. Cook
- Department
of Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol
Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Tao Wang
- Department
of Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol
Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Chi Sum
- Department
of Lead Discovery and Optimization, Bristol
Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Gayani Fernando
- Department
of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Kendra Apgar
- Department
of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Rongan Zhang
- Department
of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Nancy Carson
- Department
of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Bradley J. Snyder
- Department
of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Carol S. Ryan
- Department
of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Xiuying Ma
- Department
of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Elizabeth A. Dierks
- Department
of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Sean Little
- Department
of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Ellen K. Kick
- Department
of Cardiovascular Discovery Chemistry, Bristol
Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Nicholas R. Wurtz
- Department
of Cardiovascular Discovery Chemistry, Bristol
Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
| | - Michel Bouvier
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université
de Montréal, QuebecH3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Madeleine Héroux
- Institute
for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université
de Montréal, QuebecH3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Ricardo A. Garcia
- Department
of Cardiovascular and Fibrosis Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb, P.O. Box 4000 Princeton, New Jersey08543-4000, United States
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10
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Kotlyarov S, Kotlyarova A. Molecular Pharmacology of Inflammation Resolution in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094808. [PMID: 35563200 PMCID: PMC9104781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is one of the most important problems of modern medicine as it is the leading cause of hospitalizations, disability, and mortality. The key role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis is the imbalance between the activation of inflammation in the vascular wall and the mechanisms of its control. The resolution of inflammation is the most important physiological mechanism that is impaired in atherosclerosis. The resolution of inflammation has complex, not fully known mechanisms, in which lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play an important role. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) represent a group of substances that carry out inflammation resolution and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. SPMs include lipoxins, resolvins, maresins, and protectins, which are formed from PUFAs and regulate many processes related to the active resolution of inflammation. Given the physiological importance of these substances, studies examining the possibility of pharmacological effects on inflammation resolution are of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Kotlyarov
- Department of Nursing, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Anna Kotlyarova
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Ryazan State Medical University, 390026 Ryazan, Russia;
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