1
|
Kinchin I, Walsh S, Dinh R, Kapuwa M, Kennelly SP, Miller AM, Nolan A, O'Dowd S, O'Philbin L, Timmons S, Leroi I. Dissonance in the face of Alzheimer's disease breakthroughs: clinician and lay stakeholder acceptance, concerns and willingness to pay for emerging disease-modifying therapies. Br J Psychiatry 2024; 224:230-236. [PMID: 38629297 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2024.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Introducing new disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for Alzheimer's disease demands a fundamental shift in diagnosis and care for most health systems around the world. Understanding the views of health professionals, potential patients, care partners and taxpayers is crucial for service planning and expectation management about these new therapies. AIMS To investigate the public's and professionals' perspectives regarding (1) acceptability of new DMTs for Alzheimer's disease; (2) perceptions of risk/benefits; (3) the public's willingness to pay (WTP). METHOD Informed by the 'theoretical framework of acceptability', we conducted two online surveys with 1000 members of the general public and 77 health professionals in Ireland. Descriptive and multivariate regression analyses examined factors associated with DMT acceptance and WTP. RESULTS Healthcare professionals had a higher acceptance (65%) than the general public (48%). Professionals were more concerned about potential brain bleeds (70%) and efficacy (68%), while the public focused on accessibility and costs. Younger participants (18-24 years) displayed a higher WTP. Education and insurance affected WTP decisions. CONCLUSIONS This study exposes complex attitudes toward emerging DMTs for Alzheimer's disease, challenging conventional wisdom in multiple dimensions. A surprising 25% of the public expressed aversion to these new treatments, despite society's deep-rooted fear of dementia in older age. Healthcare professionals displayed nuanced concerns, prioritising clinical effectiveness and potential brain complications. Intriguingly, younger, better-educated and privately insured individuals exhibited a greater WTP, foregrounding critical questions about healthcare equity. These multifaceted findings serve as a guidepost for healthcare strategists, policymakers and ethicists as we edge closer to integrating DMTs into Alzheimer's disease care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kinchin
- Centre for Health Policy and Management, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Rachel Dinh
- Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Sean P Kennelly
- Tallaght University Hospital, Tallaght, Dublin, Ireland; and HRB-CTN Dementia Trials Ireland, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ann-Marie Miller
- HRB-CTN Dementia Trials Ireland, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ann Nolan
- Centre for Global Health, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sean O'Dowd
- HRB-CTN Dementia Trials Ireland, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; and National Dementia Office, Tullamore, Ireland
| | - Laura O'Philbin
- HRB-CTN Dementia Trials Ireland, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; and The Alzheimer Society of Ireland, Blackrock, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Timmons
- HRB-CTN Dementia Trials Ireland, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; and Centre for Gerontology and Rehabilitation, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Iracema Leroi
- HRB-CTN Dementia Trials Ireland, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; and Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Speckemeier C, Abels C, Höfer K, Niemann A, Wasem J, Walendzik A, Neusser S. Preferences for Living Arrangements in Dementia: A Discrete Choice Experiment. PHARMACOECONOMICS - OPEN 2024; 8:65-78. [PMID: 37995011 PMCID: PMC10781908 DOI: 10.1007/s41669-023-00452-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dementia affects about 55 million people worldwide. Demographic change and shifting lifestyles challenge the organization of dementia care. A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted to elicit preferences for living arrangements in dementia in urban and rural regions of Germany. METHODS Preliminary work included review of previous literature and focus groups. The DCE consists of seven attributes (group size, staff qualifications, organization of care, activities offered, support of religious practice, access to garden, consideration of food preferences) with three levels each. Individuals from the general population between the ages of 50 and 65 years were identified through population registration offices in three rural municipalities and one urban area, and 4390 individuals were approached via postal survey. A hierarchical Bayesian mixed logit model was estimated and interactions with sociodemographic characteristics were investigated. RESULTS A total of 428 and 412 questionnaires were returned by rural and urban respondents, respectively. Access to a garden was perceived as the most important attribute (average importance 36.0% in the rural sample and 33.4% in the urban sample), followed by consideration of food preferences (15.8%, 17.8%), staff qualification (14.6%, 15.3%), care organization (11.4%, 12.3%), group size (12.2%, 11.1%), and range of activities (8.0%, 10.1%). The attribute relating to religious practice was given the least importance (2.1%, 0%). Preferences vary according to gender, age, religious beliefs, experience as an informal caregiver, and migrant background. CONCLUSION Heterogeneous preferences for living arrangements for people with dementia were identified. The expansion of concepts with access to natural environments for persons with dementia might be a viable option for the formal care market in Germany. Further research is needed to meet the challenges of setting up and designing innovative living arrangements for people with dementia. Preferences vary by gender, age, religious beliefs, experience as an informal caregiver, and migrant background.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Speckemeier
- Institute for Healthcare Management and Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Thea-Leymann-Str. 9, 45127, Essen, Germany.
| | - Carina Abels
- Institute for Healthcare Management and Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Thea-Leymann-Str. 9, 45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Klemens Höfer
- Institute for Healthcare Management and Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Thea-Leymann-Str. 9, 45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Anja Niemann
- Institute for Healthcare Management and Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Thea-Leymann-Str. 9, 45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wasem
- Institute for Healthcare Management and Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Thea-Leymann-Str. 9, 45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Anke Walendzik
- Institute for Healthcare Management and Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Thea-Leymann-Str. 9, 45127, Essen, Germany
| | - Silke Neusser
- Institute for Healthcare Management and Research, University of Duisburg-Essen, Thea-Leymann-Str. 9, 45127, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Aksin OZ, Bilgic B, Guner P, Gunes ED, Kuscu K, Ormeci EL, Sayin S, Eser HY. Caregiver support and burden drive intention to engage in a peer-to-peer exchange of services among caregivers of dementia patients. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1208594. [PMID: 37484665 PMCID: PMC10359163 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1208594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The number of people diagnosed with dementia is increasing, creating significant economic burden globally. With the progression of the disease, patients need a caregiver whose wellbeing is important for continuous care. Providing respite as a service, through sharing the responsibility of caregiving or support for the caregiver, is a costly initiative. A peer-to-peer online support platform for dementia caregivers, motivated by the sharing economy, putting exchange of knowhow, resources, and services at its center, has the potential to balance cost concerns with a search for respite. The aim of this research is to assess caregivers' intention to engage in peer-to-peer exchange. Methods A survey including sociodemographic, technology use, and caregiving variables, structured questionnaires (Zarit caregiver burden, WHO brief quality of life scale, ADCS-ADL and chronic stress scale) were administered, January 2018-May 2019, in the dementia outpatient clinic of a university hospital, to a convenience sample of n = 203 individuals identifying themselves as primary caregivers. A path analysis exploring the drivers of an intention to engage in peer-to-peer service exchange was conducted. Results In the path model, caregivers experiencing higher caregiver burden showed higher intention to engage (0.079, p < 0.001). Disease stage had no effect while patient activities of daily living, chronic social role related stressors of the caregiver and general quality of life were significant for the effect on the caregiver burden. Existing household support decreased the caregiver burden, affecting the intention to engage. Caregivers who can share more know-how demonstrate a higher intention to engage (0.579, p = 0.021). Caregiver technology affinity (0.458, p = 0.004) and ability and openness to seek professional help for psychological diagnoses (1.595, p = 0.012) also increased intention to engage. Conclusion The model shows caregiver burden to be a major driver, along with caregiver characteristics that reflect their technology affinity and openness to the idea of general reciprocity. Existing support for obtaining knowhow and exchanging empathy have a direct effect on the intention to engage. Given the scarcity of caregiver support in the formal care channels, the identified potential of enlarging informal support via a peer-to-peer exchange mechanism holds promise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O. Zeynep Aksin
- College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Basar Bilgic
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Perihan Guner
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Bilgi University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Evrim D. Gunes
- College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Kemal Kuscu
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Serpil Sayin
- College of Administrative Sciences and Economics, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hale Yapici Eser
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koc University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cahill S, Bielsten T, Zarit SH. Developing a Framework for the Support of Informal Caregivers: Experiences from Sweden, Ireland, and the United States. Res Aging 2023; 45:385-395. [PMID: 35794800 DOI: 10.1177/01640275221113356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Policies and services to support informal caregivers vary considerably across countries. This paper examines the role of caregivers and how perspectives on that role may influence the availability of benefits and services in three countries that differ considerably in their care systems - Sweden, Ireland and the United States. We developed a nine-dimensional framework for examining differences, including policies and how the role of caregiver is conceptualized. We found differences in the three countries in how services are organized, which reflected assumptions about the caregiver role. There were also similarities in the three countries. Caregivers held an ambiguous position within each social system and there was little concern for equity in the delivery of support services. Increased clarity about the role of caregivers may facilitate development of policies that more effectively meet their varied needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Cahill
- Social Work and Social Policy, Dementia Care NUI Galway, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, 4161Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Therése Bielsten
- Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, 4161Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Steven H Zarit
- Institute of Gerontology, School of Health and Welfare, 4161Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden.,Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Penn State University, University Park, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Speckemeier C. Preferences for attributes of long-term care in dementia: a scoping review of multi-criteria decision analyses. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10389-022-01743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Long-term care considerations for persons with dementia are complex. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods are increasingly used to support healthcare decisions. The objective of this scoping review was to identify and analyze published MCDAs in which preferences for living and care concepts for persons with dementia are determined.
Subject and methods
A literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in October 2021. Searches were limited to peer-reviewed articles published up to October 14, 2021. The included publications aimed at eliciting care preferences for persons with dementia from patients, relatives, healthcare practitioners or the broader public by means of MCDA.
Results
Ten studies were included of whom seven were published in 2017 or afterwards. In nine studies, a discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted. The majority of studies surveyed the general population or caregivers of persons with dementia. Five studies assessed preferences for attributes of home care and two for long-term care facilities. Willingness to pay was addressed in eight studies. Choice task structure and experimental design varied widely. Despite different objectives, strong preferences for continuous care by the same person, organizational aspects, and caregiver expertise were found across studies.
Conclusion
This review shows that MCDA methods have successfully been applied to analyze preferences for living and care arrangements for persons with dementia. The majority of publications report on DCEs, and a variety of different study objectives and methodological approaches have been observed. Further research is needed to inform the design of innovative concepts which are a valuable alternative to existing care options.
Collapse
|
6
|
Carter L, Yadav A, O'Neill S, O'Shea E. Extended length of stay and related costs associated with dementia in acute care hospitals in Ireland. Aging Ment Health 2022; 27:911-920. [PMID: 35603799 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2068128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate the additional impact of dementia on in-patient length of stay (LOS) and related costs in Irish acute hospitals. Both principal and secondary diagnosis effects are estimated and valued. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study based on administrative data collected on all public hospital in-patient discharges in Ireland for people aged 65 years and older in 2019. Coarsened exact matching (CEM) was undertaken to account for observed confounders between dementia and non-dementia groups, while generalised linear modelling (GLM) was used to compare differences in LOS. RESULTS Patients with a principal diagnosis of dementia spent on average 17.5 (CI: 15.42, 19.56; p < .01) d longer in hospital than similar patients with no principal diagnosis of dementia. LOS was 6.7 (CI: 6.31, 7.14; p < .01) d longer for patients with a secondary diagnosis of dementia compared to similar patients with no secondary diagnosis of dementia. The additional annual cost of care for patients in hospitals with a secondary (principal) diagnosis of dementia was €62.0 million (€13.2 million). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the economic impact of extended LOS for patients with dementia in Irish acute hospitals. Addressing specific dementia-related needs of people in hospital is likely to optimise resource use and decrease health care costs in acute care settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Carter
- Centre for Economic and Social Research on Dementia, Institute for Lifecourse and Society, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - A Yadav
- J.E. Cairnes School of Business and Economics, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - S O'Neill
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - E O'Shea
- Centre for Economic and Social Research on Dementia, Institute for Lifecourse and Society, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|