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Mchome Z, Mshana G, Malibwa D, Aloyce D, Dwarumpudi A, Peter E, Kapiga S, Stöckl H. Men's Narratives of Sexual Intimate Partner Violence in Urban Mwanza, Northwestern Tanzania. SEXUAL ABUSE : A JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2024; 36:441-463. [PMID: 37941093 PMCID: PMC11010543 DOI: 10.1177/10790632231213831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Engaging men has been established as central in addressing intimate partner violence. Yet few studies on intimate partner violence explored men's perspectives on what constitutes sexual violence in relationships only. To explore how men conceptualize sexual violence, we engaged a qualitative approach to unpack men's narratives of sexual IPV. The study was conducted in Mwanza, Tanzania using in-depth interviews with 30 married men. Men shared a broad spectrum of unacceptable behaviors that clearly or potentially connote sexual violence. Some of the acts were deemed to constitute sexual violence when directed to both men and women, while some were perceived as sexual violence when directed to women or men only. Threatened manhood underpinned men's conceptualization of sexual violence against them by their partners. Although a large part of men's narratives of sexual violence towards women seemed to challenge the common sexual scripts existing in patriarchal societies, some of their accounts indicated the persistence of traditional presumptions of masculine sexual entitlement. Our findings uncover additional dimensions of sexual violence that go beyond what is included in the current global frameworks, underscoring the critical need of giving people a voice in their local contexts in defining what sexual intimate partner violence entails for them. This may increase the likelihood of interventions becoming more acceptable and effective when targeting sexual violence, thereby contributing to reduced levels of sexual intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaina Mchome
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Gerry Mshana
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | - Diana Aloyce
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Annapoorna Dwarumpudi
- Gender Violence and Health Centre, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Esther Peter
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- Gender Violence and Health Centre, Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich
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Millanzi WC, Osaki KM, Kibusi SM. Attitude and prevalence of early sexual debut and associated risk sexual behavior among adolescents in Tanzania; Evidence from baseline data in a Randomized Controlled Trial. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1758. [PMID: 37689638 PMCID: PMC10492380 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Unsafe sexual behaviours and associated sexual ideas among adolescents may contribute to adverse health consequences for sexual health in adulthood. The patterns of sexual ideology and sociodemographic factors profiles on adolescents' sexual behaviours have not been the subject of a definite consensus in research. The purpose of this study was to investigate the attitude and prevalence of early sexual debut and associated risk sexual behavior among adolescents in Tanzania as the evidence from baseline data in a Randomized Controlled Trial. METHODS The study included 647 randomly chosen in-school adolescents from Tanzania and used an analytical cross-section survey in a quantitative research approach. Sexual-risk Behaviour Beliefs and Self-esteem Scale from previous studies were the main data collection tool. According to the Statistical Analysis Software (SAS), computer software version 9.4 descriptive analysis established respondents' socio-demographic profiles, attitudes, prevalence, and determinants linked to teenagers' early sexual debut. The link between the variables was established via multivariate logistic regression at a 5% significance level and a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS The mean age was 15 ± 1.869 years while 57.5% of adolescents were females. 69.7% of adolescents were sexually active whereas 44.8% of them practised sexual behaviours willingly against 24.9% who practised coerced sexual behaviours. The majority (44.4%) and 16.2% of them initiated sexual behaviours during the early and middle adolescence stages respectively. Most adolescents had the ideology that sex was okay to them even before the age of 18 years. Their odds of practicing sexual behaviours were significantly high with the ideology that sex was okay to them even before 18 years of age (AOR = 1.293; p < 0.05; 95%CI: 0.689, 2.989), exposure to drug abuse (AOR = 1.210; p < 0.05; 95%CI: 0.803, 2.130), using media (AOR = 1.006; p < 0.05; 95%CI: 0.748, 2.667) and/or exposure to social groups [Jogging, Gym, health clubs, betting, Games] (AOR = 1.032; p < 0.05; 95%CI: 0.889, 2.044). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that holding a positive attitude towards early sexual debut is a precursor to early sexual activity among adolescents. Unsafe sex, coercive sex, and other risky sexual behaviors are not uncommon among adolescents starting sex before the age of 18 years. Exposure to drug abuse, online sexual content, and/or social groups significantly influenced early sexual debut irrespective of other known factors. Age-appropriate school-based sexuality education programs should be promoted and implemented to address the most prevalent positive attitude towards early sexual debut and associated risk sexual behaviour among adolescents in Tanzania and other similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter C Millanzi
- Department of Nursing Management and Education, School of Nursing and Public Health, The University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania.
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Brambilla R, Mshana GH, Mosha N, Malibwa D, Ayieko P, Sichalwe S, Kapiga S, Stöckl H. A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Young Men's Gambling and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration in Mwanza, Tanzania. Int J Public Health 2023; 68:1605402. [PMID: 37273770 PMCID: PMC10235485 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2023.1605402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Tanzania is one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa. There are very few studies on the co-occurrence of gambling and IPV and none from LMICs, despite gambling being a behaviour associated with gender norms exalting masculinity underlying IPV perpetration. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data of 755 currently partnered men aged 18-24 from Mwanza, Tanzania were analysed to investigate whether gambling was associated with past-year physical, sexual, emotional and economic IPV. We conducted bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions to control for potential confounders, based on their significant association bivariately with the main outcome variables. Results: Of the men who gambled, 18 percent perpetrated physical IPV, 39 percent sexual IPV, 60 percent emotional IPV and 39 percent economic IPV. Gambling was significantly associated with sexual (aOR: 2.59; 95% CI: 1.70-3.97), emotional (aOR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.12-2.14) and economic IPV (aOR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.02-1.88) after controlling for confounders. Conclusion: The analysis shows that gambling is associated with IPV perpetration. More research is needed to understand how current IPV prevention efforts can be expanded to include problem gambling treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Brambilla
- Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerry Hillary Mshana
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- National Institute for Medical Research (Mwanza Centre), Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Neema Mosha
- Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | | | - Philip Ayieko
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heidi Stöckl
- Institute of Medical Information Processing, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Pettenkofer School of Public Health, Munich, Germany
- Department of Global Health and Development, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Alkan Ö, Serçemeli C, Özmen K. Verbal and psychological violence against women in Turkey and its determinants. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275950. [PMID: 36215284 PMCID: PMC9550074 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Verbal and psychological violence against women is considered an important sociological and legal problem and a serious threat within the context of basic human rights. The aim of this study was to detect the factors affecting verbal and psychological violence against women in Turkey, a developing country. The micro data set of the National research on domestic violence against women in Turkey, which was conducted by the Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies, was employed in this study. The factors affecting women's exposure to verbal and psychological violence by their husbands or partners in Turkey were determined using binary logistic and binary probit regression analyses. Women whose husbands or partners cheated and used alcohol were more exposed to verbal and psychological violence compared to others. In addition, women who were exposed to physical, economic, and sexual violence were more exposed to verbal and psychological violence compared to others. Exposure to violence by first-degree relatives increases the possibility of exposure to verbal and psychological violence. More effective results can be achieved by prioritizing women likelier to be exposed to violence in policies aimed at preventing acts of verbal violence against women in our country. There are few studies on verbal and psychological violence against women. Therefore, it will be useful to conduct relevant studies from different perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Alkan
- Department of Econometrics, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ceyhun Serçemeli
- Department of Labor Economics and Industrial Relations, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Kenan Özmen
- Bulanik Vocational School, Mus Alparslan University, Muş, Turkey
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Stöckl H, Malibwa D, Brambilla R, Kapiga S, Mshana G. 'Young men should work hard': adult men's views of young people in Mwanza, Tanzania. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2022; 27:85-96. [PMID: 36036244 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2115084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 2014, there were 1.8 billion young people aged 10-24 years globally, 16% of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. Young people are met with significant technological advancement but also constraints in securing stable livelihoods and broader cultural and societal changes. While praised for their ingenuity and resourcefulness, young people also face high expectations and judgment, both in terms of their capacity to contribute to their communities and in maintaining the moral and societal fabric. We conducted a photovoice exercise with 16 adult men aged 22 to 42 in Mwanza, Tanzania. After two days of training, participants were given nine days to take pictures of their family lives, activities outside their home and what is important to them. Thereafter, they were asked to choose, rank and provide captions for 25 photos and interviewed about their choices. The interviews were recorded, summarised, and analysed thematically. Young people, capturing anyone from a teenager to a 25-year-old, emerged as a key theme in all interviews and photographs. Other key themes in relation to young people were livelihood opportunities, with a strong connotation on 'hard work'; education, with an emphasis on the importance of letting young people attend school; gender equality in respect to fair distribution of household chores and women working to supplement family income; recreational activities and challenging environments for young men, capturing bad nutrition, poor road conditions, harmful work and living conditions, as well as decaying morals. Overall, adult participants both admired young men and women for their energy and innovation while also expecting them to prescribe to existing moral and community standards. Understanding the high expectations and concerns of adults and how those shape the environment in which young people transition into adulthood is key to develop programmes for young people by considering their local context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Stöckl
- Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Rebecca Brambilla
- Medical Faculty, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Saidi Kapiga
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England
| | - Gerry Mshana
- Mwanza Intervention Trials Unit, Mwanza, Tanzania.,National Institute for Medical Research, Mwanza, Tanzania
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