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Mirzashahi B, Razzaghof M, Tabatabaei Irani P. Direct epidural metastasis of breast cancer mimicking a large lumbar disc sequestrum: A case report and review of literature. Clin Case Rep 2023; 11:e7098. [PMID: 36992677 PMCID: PMC10041379 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.7098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of cauda equina syndrome (CES) caused by an epidural metastasis of breast cancer, which oddly mimicked a large disc sequestrum leading to misdiagnosis. To our knowledge, it is the first report of a metastatic epidural breast cancer lesion mimicking a disc sequestrum. Any clinician should be cautious when confronting the manifestations of lumbar disc herniation in a patient with a history of breast cancer. Epidural metastasis of breast cancer can mimic the radiologic and clinical features of a disc sequestrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Mirzashahi
- Orthopedic Spine Surgeon, Joint Reconstruction Research Center (JRRC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Mohammadreza Razzaghof
- Joint Reconstruction Research Center (JRRC)Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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Palmisciano P, Balasubramanian K, Scalia G, Sagoo NS, Haider AS, Bin Alamer O, Chavda V, Chaurasia B, Deora H, Passanisi M, Da Ros V, Giammalva GR, Maugeri R, Iacopino DG, Cicero S, Aoun SG, Umana GE. Posterior epidural intervertebral disc migration and sequestration: A systematic review. J Clin Neurosci 2022; 98:115-126. [PMID: 35152147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2022.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Posterior epidural intervertebral disc migration and sequestration (PEIMS) is a rare and debilitating complication of degenerative disc disease. Radiological differential diagnosis is often challenging, complicating the accurate planning of appropriate treatment strategies. We systematically reviewed the literature on PEIMS, focusing on clinical-radiological features and available treatments. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane were searched to include studies reporting clinical data of patients with PEIMS. Clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and functional outcomes were analyzed. We included 82 studies comprising 157 patients. Median age was 54 years (range, 19-91). PEIMSs occurred spontaneously (49.7%) or acutely in patients with underlying progressive degenerative disc disease (50.3%). The most common symptoms were lower-back pain (77.1%) and radiculopathy (66.2%), mainly involving the L5 nerve root (43.8%). PEIMSs were mostly detected at MRI (93%) and/or CT (7%), frequently located in the lumbar spine (81.5%). Median maximum PEIMS diameter was 2.4 cm (range, 1.2-5.0). Surgical debulking was completed in 150 patients (95.5%), sometimes coupled with decompressive laminectomy (65%) or hemilaminectomy (19.1%). Median follow-up time was 3 months (range, 0.5-36.0). Post-treatment symptomatic improvement was reported in 153 patients (97.5%), with total recovery in 118 (75.2%). All 7 patients (4.5%) who received conservative non-surgical management had total clinical recovery at ≤ 3 months follow-ups. PEIMS is a challenging entity that may severely quality-of-life in patients with degenerative disc disease. Surgical removal represents the gold standard to improve patient's functional status. Spine fusion and conservative strategies proved to be effective in some cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Palmisciano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Gianluca Scalia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Highly Specialized Hospital and of National Importance "Garibaldi", Catania, Italy
| | - Navraj S Sagoo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ali S Haider
- Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Othman Bin Alamer
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vishal Chavda
- Division of Anaesthesia, Sardar Women's Hospital, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Bipin Chaurasia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Harsh Deora
- Department of Neurosurgery, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Maurizio Passanisi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Valerio Da Ros
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University Hospital of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe R Giammalva
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedical Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosario Maugeri
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedical Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Domenico G Iacopino
- Unit of Neurosurgery, Department of Biomedical Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cicero
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy
| | - Salah G Aoun
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Giuseppe E Umana
- Department of Neurosurgery, Trauma Center, Gamma Knife Center, Cannizzaro Hospital, Catania, Italy.
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Park T, Lee HJ, Kim JS, Nam K. Posterior epidural disc fragment masquerading as spinal tumor: Review of the literature. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil 2018; 31:685-691. [PMID: 29562487 DOI: 10.3233/bmr-170866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posterior epidural lumbar disc fragment is infrequent because of anatomical barriers, and it is difficult to diagnose posterior epidural lumbar disc fragment because of its rare incidence and the ambiguity of radiologic evaluations. And it is difficult to differentiate it from other diseases such as spinal tumors. OBJECTIVE Differential diagnosis of posterior epidural lumbar disc fragment is clinically important because its diagnosis can affect treatment and prognosis. To investigate the incidence, anatomical concern, etiology, symptom, diagnostic tool, management and prognosis of posterior epidural lumbar disc fragment, we reviewed articles including case report. METHODS We performed a search of all clinical studies of posterior epidural lumbar disc fragment published to date. The following keywords were searched: Posterior epidural lumbar disc fragment, disc migration, posterior epidural disc, extradural migration, dorsal epidural migration, sequestrated disc, and disc fragment. RESULTS We identified 40 patients of posterior epidural lumbar disc fragment from 28 studies. The most common presentation of posterior epidural lumbar disc fragment was sudden onset radiculopathy (70.0%), followed by cauda equina syndrome (27.5%). The most frequently used diagnostic modality was magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), conducted in 36 cases (90.0%), and followed by computed tomography in 14 cases (35.0%). After the imaging studies, the preoperative diagnoses were 45.0% masses, 20.0% lesions, and 12.5% tumors. Characteristic MRI findings in posterior epidural lumbar disc fragment are helpful for diagnosis; it typically displays low signals on T1-weighted images and high signals on T2-weighted images with respect to the parent disc. In addition, most of the disc fragments show peripheral rim enhancement on MRI with gadolinium administration. Electrodiagnostic testing is useful for verifying nerve damage. Surgical treatment was performed in all cases, and neurologic complications were observed in 12.5%. CONCLUSIONS As posterior epidural lumbar disc fragment could be masqueraded as spinal tumor, if rim enhancement is observed in MRI scans with sudden symptoms of radiculopathy or cauda equina syndrome, it should be taken into consideration. Early diagnosis can lead to early surgery, which can reduce complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejune Park
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Ho Jun Lee
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jae Seong Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Kiyeun Nam
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
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