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Parent LR, Gnanasekaran K, Korpanty J, Gianneschi NC. 100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Polymeric Materials by In Situ Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy. ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:14-38. [PMID: 35548998 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A century ago, Hermann Staudinger proposed the macromolecular theory of polymers, and now, as we enter the second century of polymer science, we face a different set of opportunities and challenges for the development of functional soft matter. Indeed, many fundamental questions remain open, relating to physical structures and mechanisms of phase transformations at the molecular and nanoscale. In this Viewpoint, we describe efforts to develop a dynamic, in situ microscopy tool suited to the study of polymeric materials at the nanoscale that allows for direct observation of discrete structures and processes in solution, as a complement to light, neutron, and X-ray scattering methods. Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) is a nascent in situ imaging technique for characterizing and examining solvated nanomaterials in real time. Though still under development, LPTEM has been shown to be capable of several modes of imaging: (1) imaging static solvated materials analogous to cryo-TEM, (2) videography of nanomaterials in motion, (3) observing solutions or nanomaterials undergoing physical and chemical transformations, including synthesis, assembly, and phase transitions, and (4) observing electron beam-induced chemical-materials processes. Herein, we describe opportunities and limitations of LPTEM for polymer science. We review the basic experimental platform of LPTEM and describe the origin of electron beam effects that go hand in hand with the imaging process. These electron beam effects cause perturbation and damage to the sample and solvent that can manifest as artefacts in images and videos. We describe sample-specific experimental guidelines and outline approaches to mitigate, characterize, and quantify beam damaging effects. Altogether, we seek to provide an overview of this nascent field in the context of its potential to contribute to the advancement of polymer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas R. Parent
- Innovation Partnership Building, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
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Lainé M, Balan E, Allard T, Paineau E, Jeunesse P, Mostafavi M, Robert JL, Le Caër S. Reaction mechanisms in swelling clays under ionizing radiation: influence of the water amount and of the nature of the clay mineral. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24861f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Picosecond pulse radiolysis experiments performed on natural swelling clays evidence a fast trapping of electrons in the layers of the material.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lainé
- LIONS
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris Saclay
| | - E. Balan
- IMPMC
- Sorbonne Universities
- UPMC
- CNRS UMR-7590
- MNHN
| | - T. Allard
- IMPMC
- Sorbonne Universities
- UPMC
- CNRS UMR-7590
- MNHN
| | - E. Paineau
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides
- CNRS
- Univ. Paris-Sud
- Université Paris-Saclay
- F-91405 Orsay Cedex
| | - P. Jeunesse
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
- CNRS/Université Paris-Sud
- F-91405 Orsay
- France
| | - M. Mostafavi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique
- CNRS/Université Paris-Sud
- F-91405 Orsay
- France
| | | | - S. Le Caër
- LIONS
- NIMBE
- CEA
- CNRS
- Université Paris Saclay
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Angeli F, Jollivet P, Charpentier T, Fournier M, Gin S. Structure and Chemical Durability of Lead Crystal Glass. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:11549-11558. [PMID: 27723980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Silicate glasses containing lead, also called lead crystal glasses, are commonly used as food product containers, in particular for alcoholic beverages. Lead's health hazards require major attention, which can first be investigated through the understanding of Pb release mechanisms in solution. The behavior of a commercial crystal glass containing 10.6 mol % of PbO (28.3 wt %) was studied in a reference solution of 4% acetic acid at 22, 40, and 70 °C at early and advanced stages of reaction. High-resolution solid-state 17O and 29Si NMR was used to probe the local structure of the pristine and, for the first time, of the altered lead crystal glass. Inserted into the vitreous structure between the network formers as Si-O-Pb bonds, Pb does not form Pb-O-Pb clusters which are expected to be more easily leached. A part of K is located near Pb, forming mixed Si-O-(Pb,K) near the nonbridging oxygens. Pb is always released into the solution following a diffusion-controlled dissolution over various periods of time, at a rate between 1 and 2 orders of magnitude lower than the alkalis (K and Na). The preferential release of alkalis is followed by an in situ repolymerization of the silicate network. Pb is only depleted in the outermost part of the alteration layer. In the remaining part, it stays mainly surrounded by Si in a stable structural configuration similar to that of the pristine glass. A simple model is proposed to estimate the Pb concentration as a function of glass surface, solution volume, temperature, and contact time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thibault Charpentier
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay CEA Saclay , F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - Stéphane Gin
- CEA, DEN, DTCD, SECM, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
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Siboulet B, Molina J, Coasne B, Turq P, Dufreche JF. Water self-diffusion at the surface of silica glasses: effect of hydrophilic to hydrophobic transition. Mol Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2013.861084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dondi D, Buttafava A, Zeffiro A, Bracco S, Sozzani P, Faucitano A. Reaction Mechanisms in Irradiated, Precipitated, and Mesoporous Silica. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:3304-18. [DOI: 10.1021/jp310683e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Dondi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Buttafava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - A. Zeffiro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - S. Bracco
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125
Milano, Italy
| | - P. Sozzani
- Department of Materials Science, University of Milano Bicocca, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125
Milano, Italy
| | - A. Faucitano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pavia, V.le Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Dondi D, Buttafava A, Zeffiro A, Conzatti L, Faucitano A. The role of silica in radiation induced grafting and crosslinking of silica/elastomers blends. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Makowski P, Deschanels X, Grandjean A, Meyer D, Toquer G, Goettmann F. Mesoporous materials in the field of nuclear industry: applications and perspectives. NEW J CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1nj20703b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Siboulet B, Coasne B, Dufrêche JF, Turq P. Hydrophobic Transition in Porous Amorphous Silica. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:7881-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jp203193k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benoît Coasne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, ENSCM, Université Montpellier 2 and CNRS (UMR 5253), 8 rue Ecole Normale, F-34296 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-François Dufrêche
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule ICSM, UMR 5257 CEA - CNRS - ENSCM - Université Montpellier 2, Bâtiment 426, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Pierre Turq
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule ICSM, UMR 5257 CEA - CNRS - ENSCM - Université Montpellier 2, Bâtiment 426, F-30207 Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, UMR 7195, PECSA, F-75005 Paris, France
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Water Radiolysis: Influence of Oxide Surfaces on H2 Production under Ionizing Radiation. WATER 2011. [DOI: 10.3390/w3010235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Musat R, Moreau S, Poidevin F, Mathon MH, Pommeret S, Renault JP. Radiolysis of water in nanoporous gold. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:12868-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00967a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Brodie-Linder N, Le Caër S, Alam MS, Renault JP, Alba-Simionesco C. H2 formation by electron irradiation of SBA-15 materials and the effect of CuII grafting. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:14188-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00115e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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