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Xu M, Zhang G, Qiu Y, Li Y, Liu C, Yang X. Biotransformation of cyproterone acetate, drospirenone, and megestrol acetate in agricultural soils: Kinetics, microbial community dynamics, transformation products, and mechanisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166847. [PMID: 37690749 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of biologically active synthetic progestins in agricultural soils is of growing concern due to their potential to disrupt the endocrine function of aquatic fish in nearby surface waters. This study investigated the biotransformation outcomes of cyproterone acetate (CPA), drospirenone (DRO), and megestrol acetate (MGA) in four agricultural soils. The biotransformation data were fitted to a first-order decay model (R2 = 0.93-0.99), with half-lives and first-order decay coefficients ranging from 76.2-217 h and 9.10 × 10-3-3.20 × 10-3 (h-1), respectively. Abundant biotransformation products (TPs) were generated during incubation, with the number and yields varying across the four soils. 1,2-Dehydrogenation was the main transformation pathway of DRO in the four soils (yields of 32.3-214 %). Similarly, 1,2-dehydrogenation was the most relevant transformation pathway of MGA in the four soils (yields of 21.8-417 %). C3 reduction was the major transformation pathway of CPA in soils B, C, and D (yields of 114-245 %). Hydrogenation (yield of 133 %) and hydroxylation (yield of 21.0 %) were the second major transformation pathway of CPA in soil B and C, respectively. In particular, several TPs exhibited progestogenic and antimineralocorticoid activity, as well as genotoxicity. The high-throughput sequencing indicated that interactions between microorganisms and soil properties may affect biotransformation. Spearman correlation and bidirectional network correlation analysis further revealed that soil properties can directly interfere with the soil sorption capacity for the progestins, thus affecting biotransformation. In particular, soil properties can also limit or promote biotransformation and the formation of TPs (i.e., biotransformation pathways) by affecting the relative abundances of relevant microorganisms. The results of this study indicate that the ecotoxicity of synthetic progestins and related TPs can vary across soils and that the assessment of environmental risks associated with these compounds requires special consideration of both soil properties and microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manxin Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Ge Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yang Qiu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Yongtao Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Land Use and Consolidation, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Churong Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Xingjian Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Joint Institute for Environment & Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Land Use and Consolidation, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
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Javed S, Atia-Tul-Wahab, Jabeen A, Zhumagaliyeva S, Abilov ZA, Atta-Ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI. Fungal mediated biotransformation of melengestrol acetate, and T-cell proliferation inhibitory activity of biotransformed compounds. Bioorg Chem 2020; 104:104313. [PMID: 33142425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glomerella fusaroide, and Rhizopus stolonifer were effectively able to transform the steroidal hormone melengestrol acetate (MGA) (1) into four (4) new metabolites, 17α-acetoxy-11α-hydroxy-6-methyl-16-methylenepregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (2), 17α-acetoxy-11α-hydroxy-6-methyl-16-methylenepregna-1,4,6-triene-3,20-dione (3), 17α-acetoxy-6,7α-epoxy-6β-methyl-16-methylenepregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (4), and 17α-acetoxy-11β,15β-dihydroxy-6-methyl-16-methylenepregna-4,6-diene-3,20-dione (5). All these compounds were structurally characterized by different spectroscopic techniques. The objective of the current study was to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of melengestrol acetate (1), and its metabolites 2-5. The metabolites and the substrate were assessed for their inhibitory effects on proliferation of T-cells in vitro. The substrate (IC50 = 2.77 ± 0.08 µM) and its metabolites 2 (IC50 = 2.78 ± 0.07 µM), 4 (IC50 = 2.74 ± 0.1 µM), and 5 (IC50 = < 2 µM) exhibited potent T- cell proliferation inhibitory activities, while compound 3 (IC50 = 29.9 ± 0.09 µM) showed a moderate activity in comparison to the standard prednisolone (IC50 = 9.73 ± 0.08 µM). All the metabolites were found to be non-toxic against 3T3 normal cell line. This study thus identifies some potent compounds active against T-cell proliferation. Their anti-inflammatory potential, therefore, deserves to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Javed
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Atia-Tul-Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Shynar Zhumagaliyeva
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Zharylkasyn A Abilov
- Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan
| | - Atta-Ur-Rahman
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universitas Airlangga, Komplek Campus C, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia.
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Microbial transformation of diosgenin to diosgenone by Wickerhamomyces anomalus JQ-1 obtained from Naxi traditional Jiu Qu. Bioorg Chem 2020; 95:103508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Tang JJ, Li G, Gao JM. Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel steroidal C-20 oxime ester derivatives from 16-DPA. ARAB J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Shan L, Jiao K, Yin M, Huang J, Chen Y, Qin S, Liu H. Biotransformation of 5-en-3β-ol steroids byMucor circinelloides lusitanicus. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2015.1089865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Shan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China and
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Jiao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China and
| | - Minghui Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China and
| | - Jiajia Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China and
| | - Yanjie Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China and
| | - Shangshang Qin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China and
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongmin Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China and
- Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation, Henan Province, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Bano S, Wahab AT, Yousuf S, Jabeen A, Mesaik MA, Rahman AU, Choudhary MI. New Anti-Inflammatory Metabolites by Microbial Transformation of Medrysone. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153951. [PMID: 27104348 PMCID: PMC4841542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial transformation of the anti-inflammatory steroid medrysone (1) was carried out for the first time with the filamentous fungi Cunninghamella blakesleeana (ATCC 8688a), Neurospora crassa (ATCC 18419), and Rhizopus stolonifer (TSY 0471). The objective was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potential of the substrate (1) and its metabolites. This yielded seven new metabolites, 14α-hydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (2), 6β-hydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (3), 15β-hydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (4), 6β,17α-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (5), 6β,20S-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11-dione (6), 11β,16β-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11-dione (7), and 15β,20R-dihydroxy-6α-methylpregn-4-ene-3,11-dione (8). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique unambiguously established the structures of the metabolites 2, 4, 6, and 8. Fungal transformation of 1 yielded oxidation at the C-6β, -11β, -14α, -15β, -16β positions. Various cellular anti-inflammatory assays, including inhibition of phagocyte oxidative burst, T-cell proliferation, and cytokine were performed. Among all the tested compounds, metabolite 6 (IC50= 30.3 μg/mL) moderately inhibited the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced from zymosan-induced human whole blood cells. Compounds 1, 4, 5, 7, and 8 strongly inhibited the proliferation of T-cells with IC50 values between <0.2–10.4 μg/mL. Compound 7 was found to be the most potent inhibitor (IC50 < 0.2 μg/mL), whereas compounds 2, 3, and 6 showed moderate levels of inhibition (IC50 = 14.6–20.0 μg/mL). Compounds 1, and 7 also inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α. All these compounds were found to be non-toxic to 3T3 cells (mouse fibroblast), and also showed no activity when tested against HeLa (human epithelial carcinoma), or against PC3 (prostate cancer) cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Bano
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Atia-tul- Wahab
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- * E-mail: (MIC); (AW)
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Almas Jabeen
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Atta-ur- Rahman
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21412, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (MIC); (AW)
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Nassiri-Koopaei N, Faramarzi MA. Recent developments in the fungal transformation of steroids. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2015.1022533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Dong S, Tang JJ, Zhang CC, Tian JM, Guo JT, Zhang Q, Li H, Gao JM. Semisynthesis and in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of new analogues of 1-O-acetylbritannilactone, a sesquiterpene from Inula britannica. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 80:71-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Donova MV, Egorova OV. Microbial steroid transformations: current state and prospects. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:1423-47. [PMID: 22562163 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Studies of steroid modifications catalyzed by microbial whole cells represent a well-established research area in white biotechnology. Still, advances over the last decade in genetic and metabolic engineering, whole-cell biocatalysis in non-conventional media, and process monitoring raised research in this field to a new level. This review summarizes the data on microbial steroid conversion obtained since 2003. The key reactions of structural steroid functionalization by microorganisms are highlighted including sterol side-chain degradation, hydroxylation at various positions of the steroid core, and redox reactions. We also describe methods for enhancement of bioprocess productivity, selectivity of target reactions, and application of microbial transformations for production of valuable pharmaceutical ingredients and precursors. Challenges and prospects of whole-cell biocatalysis applications in steroid industry are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina V Donova
- G.K. Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Nauki 5, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia.
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Wu GW, Gao JM, Shi XW, Zhang Q, Wei SP, Ding K. Microbial transformations of diosgenin by the white-rot basidiomycete Coriolus versicolor. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2011; 74:2095-2101. [PMID: 21985022 DOI: 10.1021/np2003484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microbial transformation of diosgenin (3β-hydroxy-5-spirostene) using white-rot fungus Coriolus versicolor afforded four previously unreported polyhydroxylated steroids, 25(R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7α,15α,21-tetraol (5), 25(R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7β,12β,21-tetrol (6), (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7α,12β,21-tetraol (7), and (25R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7β,11α,21-tetraol (8), along with three known congeners, 25(R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7β-diol (2), 25(R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7β,21-triol (3), and 25(R)-spirost-5-en-3β,7β,12β-triol (4). These structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D NMR as well as HR-ESIMS analysis. In addition, we provide evidence for two new microbial hydroxylations of diosgenin: C-21 primary carbon hydroxylation and C-15 hydroxylation. The 3β-hydroxyl group and double bond in the B-ring of diosgenin were found to be important structural determinants for their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wei Wu
- Shaanxi Engineering Center of Bioresource Chemistry & Sustainable Utilization, College of Science, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
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