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Wu D, Carillo KJD, Tsai S, Shie J, Tzou DM. Solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of neurosteroid compounds and magnesium interactions. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.201800458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Danni Wu
- Chemical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Kathleen Joyce D. Carillo
- Taiwan International Graduate Program of Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chiao Tung University Hsinchu Taiwan
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica, Nankang Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shen‐Long Tsai
- Chemical Engineering Department, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jiun‐Jie Shie
- Taiwan International Graduate Program of Sustainable Chemical Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica, Nankang Taipei Taiwan
| | - Der‐Lii M. Tzou
- Institute of ChemistryAcademia Sinica, Nankang Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Applied ChemistryNational Chia‐Yi University Chia‐Yi Taiwan
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Xu Y, Wei W, Lei S, Lin J, Srinivas S, Feng Y. An Evolutionarily Conserved Mechanism for Intrinsic and Transferable Polymyxin Resistance. mBio 2018; 9:e02317-17. [PMID: 29636432 PMCID: PMC5893884 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02317-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymyxins, a family of cationic antimicrobial cyclic peptides, act as a last line of defense against severe infections by Gram-negative pathogens with carbapenem resistance. In addition to the intrinsic resistance to polymyxin E (colistin) conferred by Neisseria eptA, the plasmid-borne mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1 has been disseminated globally since the first discovery in Southern China, in late 2015. However, the molecular mechanisms for both intrinsic and transferable resistance to colistin remain largely unknown. Here, we aim to address this gap in the knowledge of these proteins. Structural and functional analyses of EptA and MCR-1 and -2 have defined a conserved 12-residue cavity that is required for the entry of the lipid substrate, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). The in vitro and in vivo data together have allowed us to visualize the similarities in catalytic activity shared by EptA and MCR-1 and -2. The expression of either EptA or MCR-1 or -2 is shown to remodel the surface of enteric bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Klebsiella pneumoniae, etc.), rendering them resistant to colistin. The parallels in the PE substrate-binding cavities among EptA, MCR-1, and MCR-2 provide a comprehensive understanding of both intrinsic and transferable colistin resistance. Domain swapping between EptA and MCR-1 and -2 reveals that the two domains (transmembrane [TM] region and phosphoethanolamine [PEA] transferase) are not functionally exchangeable. Taken together, the results represent a common mechanism for intrinsic and transferable PEA resistance to polymyxin, a last-resort antibiotic against multidrug-resistant pathogens.IMPORTANCE EptA and MCR-1 and -2 remodel the outer membrane, rendering bacteria resistant to colistin, a final resort against carbapenem-resistant pathogens. Structural and functional analyses of EptA and MCR-1 and -2 reveal parallel PE lipid substrate-recognizing cavities, which explains intrinsic and transferable colistin resistance in gut bacteria. A similar mechanism is proposed for the catalytic activities of EptA and MCR-1 and -2. Together, they constitute a common mechanism for intrinsic and transferable polymyxin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchang Xu
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenhui Wei
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Sheng Lei
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingxia Lin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Swaminath Srinivas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Youjun Feng
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Carillo KD, Arco S, Wang CC, Tzou DLM. Solid-state NMR investigation of effect of fluorination and methylation on prednisolone conformation. Steroids 2015; 104:263-9. [PMID: 26476185 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Prednisolone (Prd) is a polymorphous synthetic corticosteroid that has three crystalline forms mediated by different solvents. In this study, we have demonstrated that solid-state {(1)H}(13)C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy is able to resolve the effects of methylation and fluorination on the conformation of the steroidal rings in Prd. Two compounds were chosen for the study, 6-α-methylprednisolone (Prd-6M) and 6-α-fluoroprednisolone (Prd-6F). The (13)C signals of Prd-6F showed primarily doublet patterns, with splittings of 40-380 Hz, indicating multiple ring conformations, whereas the (13)C signals of Prd and Prd-6M exhibited a singlet pattern, indicating a unique conformation. Using evidence from chemical shift deviation and anisotropy analysis, we have demonstrated by solid-state NMR that Prd-6F adopts two different steroidal ring conformations that are different from that of Prd-6M, and less similar to that of unsubstituted Prd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen D Carillo
- University of the Philippines Diliman, Diliman, Quezon City 1100, Philippines; Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Susan Arco
- University of the Philippines Diliman, Diliman, Quezon City 1100, Philippines
| | - Cheng-Chung Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Der-Lii M Tzou
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC.
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Wang D, Chen M, Chein RJ, Ching WM, Hung CH, Tzou DLM. Cation ion specifically induces a conformational change in trans-dehydroandrosterone - a solid-state NMR study. Steroids 2015; 96:73-80. [PMID: 25637678 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrated that calcium (Ca(+2)) is able to induce a conformational change in trans-dehydroandrosterone (DHEA). To this respect, solid-state NMR spectroscopy was applied to a series of DHEA molecules that were incubated with Ca(+2) under different concentrations. The high-resolution (13)C NMR spectra of the DHEA/Ca(+2) mixtures exhibited two distinct sets of signals; one was attributed to DHEA in the free form, and the second set was due to the DHEA/Ca(+2) complex. Based on chemical shift isotropy and anisotropy analyses, we postulated that Ca(+2) might have associated with the oxygen attached to C17 via a lone-pair of electrons, which induced a conformational change in DHEA. Apart from Ca(+2), we also incubated DHEA with magnesium (Mg(+2)) to determine whether Mg(+2) was able to interact with DHEA in a similar manner to Ca(+2). We found that Mg(+2) was able to induce a conformational change in DHEA deviated from that of Ca(+2). These solid-state NMR observations indicate that DHEA is able to interact with cations, such as Mg(+2) and Ca(+2), with specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darong Wang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Meiman Chen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rong-Jie Chein
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Min Ching
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Hsiung Hung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Der-Lii M Tzou
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC.
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Yang KJ, Lin SC, Huang SJ, Ching WM, Hung CH, Tzou DLM. Solid-state NMR study of fluorinated steroids. Steroids 2014; 80:64-70. [PMID: 24316163 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state {(1)H}(13)C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy was performed to analyze two fluorinated steroids, i.e., betamethasone (BMS) and fludrocortisone acetate (FCA), that have fluorine attached to C9, as well as two non-fluorinated analogs, i.e., prednisolone (PRD) and hydrocortisone 21-acetate (HCA). The (13)C signals of BMS revealed multiplet patterns with splittings of 16-215Hz, indicating multiple ring conformations, whereas the (13)C signals of FCA, HCA, and PRD exhibited only singlet patterns, implying a unique conformation. In addition, BMS and FCA exhibited substantial deviation (>3.5ppm) in approximately half of the (13)C signals and significant deviation (>45ppm) in the (13)C9 signal compared to PRD and HCA, respectively. In this study, we demonstrate that fluorinated steroids, such as BMS and FCA, have steroidal ring conformation(s) that are distinct from non-fluorinated analogs, such as PRD and HCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jay Yang
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Ching Lin
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shing-Jong Huang
- Instrumentation Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei 11617, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Min Ching
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chen-Hsiung Hung
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Der-Lii M Tzou
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC.
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Li GC, Wang DR, Chen W, Tzou DLM. Solid-state NMR analysis of steroidal conformation of 17α- and 17β-estradiol in the absence and presence of lipid environment. Steroids 2012; 77:185-92. [PMID: 22155023 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Solid-state {(1)H}(13)C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy has been applied to 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-estradiol (E2α), to analyze the steroidal ring conformations of the two isomers in the absence and presence of lipids at the atomic level. In the absence of lipid, the high-resolution (13)C NMR signals of E2 in a powdered form show only singlet patterns, suggesting a single ring conformation. In contrast, the (13)C signals of E2α reveal multiplet patterns with splittings of 20-300Hz, implying multiple ring conformations. In the presence of a mimic of the lipid environment, made by mixing 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and 1,2-diheptanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DHPC) in a molar ratio 3:1, E2 and E2α revealed multiplet patterns different from those seen in the absence of lipids, indicating that the two isomers adopt multiple conformations in the lipid environment. In this work, on the basis of chemical shift isotropy and anisotropy analysis, we demonstrated that E2 and E2α prefer to adopt multiple steroidal ring conformations in the presence of a lipid environment, distinct from that observed in solution phase and powdered form.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Chian Li
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan, ROC
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