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Jia X, Han X. Targeting androgen receptor degradation with PROTACs from bench to bedside. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 158:114112. [PMID: 36508999 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) has been extensively investigated to treat prostate cancer. Resistance mechanisms such as increased levels of androgen production, increased AR gene, enhancer expression and AR point mutations always reduce the clinical efficacy. Design and discovery of small-molecule PROTAC AR degraders have been pursued as a new therapeutic strategy to overcome common resistance mechanisms developed during prostate cancer treatment. In the last two decades, potent and efficacious PROTAC AR degraders have been gotten rapid development and several such compounds have been advanced into preclinical phase and phase I/II trials for the treatment of human prostate cancers. Especially, the first PROTAC to enter the clinic, ARV-110, has shown good clinical effects in patients with mCRPC. This fully demonstrates the high clinical value of PROTAC strategy in treatment of human diseases. Here, we summarized the recent advances in the development of these potential clinical-stage PROTAC AR degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Jia
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xin Han
- The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China.; Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310029, China..
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2
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Roles of enhancer RNAs in sex hormone-dependent cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:293-307. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-021-03886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Lundgren PO, Kjellman A, Norming U, Gustafsson O. Association between dihydrotestosterone and long-term risk for prostate cancer mortality: A prospective cohort study. Prostate 2020; 80:777-781. [PMID: 32368817 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The androgen metabolism plays an important role in the progression of prostate cancer. Contradictory to what one might assume given the androgenic potency of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) there are indications that high DHT levels protect from prostate cancer. We want to determine whether there is a long-term association between baseline levels of DHT and death from prostate cancer. METHOD During the years 1988 and 1989, 1782 men out of 2400 invited were screened for prostate cancer. The invited men were randomly selected from a background population of more than 27 000 men. Serum levels of DHT were analyzed for all 65 men diagnosed in the trial and 130 controls from the same cohort without any signs of prostate cancer. In this study we evaluate outcomes for the whole cohort (n = 195), the men without clinical signs of prostate cancer at beginning of follow up (n = 130) and men with screening detected cancer (n = 65). The cohort was followed up after 30 years and data from the Swedish Cause of Death Registry and the Swedish Cancer Registry were extracted. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox regression models. RESULT High DHT levels were positively correlated to a lower risk for prostate cancer death in the entire cohort: HR = 0.44 (0.25-0.77 95% confidence interval [CI]). The positive correlation remained significant for the subgroup analysis. HR for the men enrolled in the study without any clinical signs of prostate cancer was 0.25 (0.07-0.88 95% CI) and for the men with a prostate cancer diagnosis at time of inclusion: HR = 0.50 (0.26-0.94 95% CI). CONCLUSION DHT is negatively associated with long-term prostate cancer death regardless of clinical presentation at time of inclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per-Olof Lundgren
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Kjellman
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ulf Norming
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ove Gustafsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention, and Technology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Horn A, Kazmaier U. Purified m
CPBA, a Useful Reagent for the Oxidation of Aldehydes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Horn
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; Saarland University; P.O. Box 151150 66041 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Uli Kazmaier
- Institute for Organic Chemistry; Saarland University; P.O. Box 151150 66041 Saarbrücken Germany
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Vinš P, Černý I, Mikšátková P, Drašar P. Synthesis of 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol 17-O-glucuronide histaminyl conjugate for immunoassays. Steroids 2016; 109:56-9. [PMID: 26898541 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple method of preparation of 5α-androstane-3α,17β-diol 17-O-glucuronide N-histaminyl amide was developed for the construction of immunoanalytical kit. Improved method of glucuronide derivative synthesis was used, followed by hydroxybenzotriazole-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide coupling with histamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Vinš
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Černý
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Mikšátková
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drašar
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Products, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, CZ 166 28 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
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Lauro FV, Francisco DC, Elodia GC, Eduardo PG, Maria LR, Marcela RN, Lenin HH, Bety SA. Synthesis and antibacterial activity evaluation of two androgen derivatives. Steroids 2015; 93:8-15. [PMID: 25448363 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study two androgen derivatives were synthesized using several strategies; the first stage an aza-steroid derivative (3) was developed by the reaction of a testosterone derivative (1) with thiourea (2) in presence of hydrogen chloride. The second step, involves the synthesis of an amino-steroid derivative (4) by the reaction of 1 with 2 using boric acid as catalyst. The third stage was achieved by the preparation of an aminoaza-androgen derivative (6) by the reaction of 3 with ethylenediamine using boric acid as catalyst. In addition, the compound 6 was made reacting with dihydrotestosterone to form a new androgen derivative (7) in presence of boric acid. The following step was achieved by the reaction of 7 with chloroacetyl chloride to synthesize an azetidinone-androgen derivative (8) using triethylamine as catalyst. Additionally, a thiourea-androgen derivative (9) was synthetized by the reaction of 4 with dihydrotestosterone using boric acid as catalyst. Finally, the compound 9 was made reacting with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of triethylamine to synthesize a new azetidinone-androgen derivative (10). On the other hand, antibacterial activity of compounds synthesized was evaluated on Gram negative (Escherichia coli and Vibrio cholerae) and Gram positive (Staphylococos aureus) bacteria. The results indicate that only the compound 3 and 8 decrease the growth bacterial of E. coli and V. cholerae. Nevertheless, growth bacterial of S. aureus was not inhibited by these compounds. These data indicate that antibacterial activity exerted by the compounds 3 and 8 depend of their structure chemical in comparison with the controls and other androgen derivatives that are involved in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Figueroa-Valverde Lauro
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista, C.P. 24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico.
| | - Díaz-Cedillo Francisco
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomas, México, D.F. C.P. 11340, Mexico
| | - García-Cervera Elodia
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista, C.P. 24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
| | - Pool-Gómez Eduardo
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista, C.P. 24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
| | - López-Ramos Maria
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista, C.P. 24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
| | - Rosas-Nexticapa Marcela
- Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Veracruzana, Médicos y Odontologos s/n C.P. 91010, Unidad del Bosque, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - Hau-Heredia Lenin
- Laboratory of Pharmaco-Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Biological Sciences, University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. Agustín Melgar s/n, Col Buenavista, C.P. 24039 Campeche Cam., Mexico
| | - Sarabia-Alcocer Bety
- Faculty of Medicine, University Autonomous of Campeche, Av. PatricioTrueba de Regil s/n, Col. Lindavista, C.P. 24090 Campeche Cam., Mexico
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Zarei F, Yousofvand N, Khazaei M, Ghanbari A. Effect of exogenous testosterone, finasteride, and castration on serum level of thyroxin. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2013; 17:221-4. [PMID: 23999719 DOI: 10.6091/ibj.1234.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The secretion of thyroxin (T4) as the main hormone of thyroid gland is regulated by androgens. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of testosterone and finasteride administration and castration on serum levels of T4 and to show the effect of this regulation on total body weight, weight of testis, and the weight of prostate. METHODS Male adult rats (n = 32) were divided into 4 groups (n = 8): Group 1 (control), Group 2 (castration), Group 3 (finasteride: 20 mg/kg/day) and Group 4 (testosterone: 5 mg/kg/day). At the end of the study (35 days), serum level of thyroxin, body weight, weight of testis, and prostate were determined. RESULTS The data showed that the body weight increased in castrated (P = 0.04) and decreased in testosterone (P = 0.00) groups but did not differ in finasteride (P>0.05) group. There were not any differences in the weight of testis among control, finasteride, and testosterone groups but the weight of prostate increased in testosterone group (P = 0.00) and decreased in castrated (P = 0.03) and finasteride groups (P = 0.04). In addition, the serum level of T4 (nmo/ml) decreased in the three groups: finasteride (P = 0.03), testosterone (P = 0.04), and castrated (P = 0.00). CONCLUSION Testosterone in both high and low levels decreased the amount of T4 with a time-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zarei
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Daneshgah St., Tagh-e-Bostan, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Namdar Yousofvand
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Daneshgah St., Tagh-e-Bostan, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mozafar Khazaei
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ali Ghanbari
- Fertility and Infertility Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Purushottamachar P, Godbole AM, Gediya LK, Martin MS, Vasaitis TS, Kwegyir-Afful AK, Ramalingam S, Ates-Alagoz Z, Njar VCO. Systematic structure modifications of multitarget prostate cancer drug candidate galeterone to produce novel androgen receptor down-regulating agents as an approach to treatment of advanced prostate cancer. J Med Chem 2013; 56:4880-98. [PMID: 23713567 DOI: 10.1021/jm400048v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
As part of our program to explore the influence of small structural modifications of our drug candidate 3β-(hydroxy)-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene (galeterone, 5) on the modulation of the androgen receptor (AR), we have prepared and evaluated a series of novel C-3, C-16, and C-17 analogues. Using structure activity analysis, we established that the benzimidazole moiety at C-17 is essential and optimal and also that hydrophilic and heteroaromatic groups at C-3 enhance both antiproliferative (AP) and AR degrading (ARD) activities. The most potent antiproliferative compounds were 3β-(1H-imidazole-1-carboxylate)-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene (47), 3-((EZ)-hydroximino)-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-4,16-diene (36), and 3β-(pyridine-4-carboxylate)-17-(1H-benzimidazol-1-yl)androsta-5,16-diene (43), with GI50 values of 0.87, 1.91, and 2.57 μM, respectively. Compared to 5, compound 47 was 4- and 8-fold more potent with respect to AP and ARD activities, respectively. Importantly, we also discovered that our compounds, including 5, 36, 43, and 47, could degrade both full-length and truncated ARs in CWR22rv1 human prostate cancer cells. With these activities, they have potential for development as new drugs for the treatment of all forms of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puranik Purushottamachar
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201-1559, USA
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