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Kawagoe F, Mototani S, Kittaka A. Efficient Stereo-Selective Fluorination on Vitamin D 3 Side-Chain Using Electrophilic Fluorination. Biomolecules 2023; 14:37. [PMID: 38254637 PMCID: PMC10812995 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Our research regarding side-chain fluorinated vitamin D3 analogues has explored a series of efficient fluorination methods. In this study, a new electrophilic stereo-selective fluorination methodology at C24 and C22 positions of the vitamin D3 side-chain was developed using N-fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFSI) and CD-ring imides with an Evans chiral auxiliary (26,27,30).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan; (F.K.); (S.M.)
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Kawagoe F, Mototani S, Yasuda K, Takeuchi A, Mano H, Kakuda S, Saitoh H, Sakaki T, Kittaka A. Synthesis of (22 R)-, (22 S)-22-Fluoro-, and 22,22-Difluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 and Effects of Side-Chain Fluorination on Biological Activity and CYP24A1-Dependent Metabolism. J Org Chem 2023; 88:12394-12408. [PMID: 37590101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Three novel analogues of C22-fluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (5-7) were synthesized and evaluated to investigate the effects of side-chain fluorination on biological activity and metabolism of vitamin D. These novel analogues were constructed by convergent synthesis applying the Wittig-Horner coupling reaction between CD-ring ketones (41,42,44) and A-ring phosphine oxide (11). The introduction of C22-fluoro units was achieved by stereoselective deoxy-fluorination for synthesizing 5 and 6 or two-step cationic fluorination for 7. The absolute configuration of the C22-fluoro-8-oxo-CD-ring (39) was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic structure determination. The basic biological activity of the side-chain fluorinated analogues, including compounds (5-7), was evaluated. Generally, osteocalcin promoter transactivation activity decreased in the order of C24-fluoro, C23-fluoro, and C22-fluoro analogues. In addition, the metabolic stability of C22-fluoro-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (5-7) against hCYP24A1 metabolism was also evaluated. 22,22-Difluoro-25(OH)D3 (7) was more stable against hCYP24A1 metabolism compared with its non-fluorinated counterpart 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1), but fluorination at the C22 position had little effect on the metabolic stability compared with C24- and C23-fluoro analogues. Our research clarified that side-chain fluorination in vitamin D markedly changes CYP24A1 metabolic stability depending on the fluorinating position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiro Kawagoe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Sayuri Mototani
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Akiko Takeuchi
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroki Mano
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Shinji Kakuda
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Saitoh
- Teijin Institute for Bio-medical Research, Teijin Pharma Ltd., Hino, Tokyo 191-8512, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kittaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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Yu OB, Webb DA, Di Milo ES, Mutchie TR, Teske KA, Chen T, Lin W, Peluso-Iltis C, Rochel N, Helmstädter M, Merk D, Arnold LA. Biological evaluation and synthesis of calcitroic acid. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105310. [PMID: 34482171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the synthesis and broad profiling of calcitroic acid (CTA) as vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligand. The x-ray co-crystal structure of the Danio Rerio VDR ligand binding domain in complex with CTA and peptide MED1 confirmed an agonistic conformation of the receptor. CTA adopted a similar conformation as 1,25(OH)2D3 in the binding pocket. A hydrogen bond with His333 and a water molecule were observed in the binding pocket, which was accommodated due to the shorter CTA side chain. In contrast, 1,25(OH)2D3 interacted with His423 and His333 due to its longer side chain. In vitro, the EC50 values of CTA and CTA-ME for VDR-mediated transcription were 2.89 µM and 0.66 µM, respectively, confirming both compounds as VDR agonists. CTA was further evaluated for interaction with fourteen nuclear receptors demonstrating selective activation of VDR. VDR mediated gene regulation by CTA in intestinal cells was observed for the VDR target gene CYP24A1. CTA at 10 µM upregulated CYP24A1 with similar efficacy as 1,25(OH)2D3 at 20 nM and 100-fold stronger compared to lithocholic acid at 10 µM. CTA reduced the transcription of iNOS and IL-1β in interferon γ and lipopolysaccharide stimulated mouse macrophages resulting in a reduction of nitric oxide production and secretion of IL-1β. These observed anti-inflammatory properties of 20 µM CTA were similar to 20 nM 1,25(OH)2D3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia B Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD), University of Wisconsin, 3210 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Daniel A Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD), University of Wisconsin, 3210 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Elliot S Di Milo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD), University of Wisconsin, 3210 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Tania R Mutchie
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD), University of Wisconsin, 3210 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Kelly A Teske
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD), University of Wisconsin, 3210 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 262 Danny Thomas Place, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Wenwei Lin
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, 262 Danny Thomas Place, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Carole Peluso-Iltis
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, U1258/CNRS, UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Natacha Rochel
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM, U1258/CNRS, UMR 7104, University of Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Moritz Helmstädter
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Daniel Merk
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Leggy A Arnold
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Milwaukee Institute for Drug Discovery (MIDD), University of Wisconsin, 3210 N Cramer Street, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA.
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