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de Jesus-Silva SG, de Moraes Silva MA, Carbonel AAF, Grillo Filho GFR, Grigório TS, Simões MDJ, Cardoso RS, Fagundes DJ. Heparin Attenuates Visceral Apoptosis in a Swine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock and Reperfusion Injury. Ann Vasc Surg 2020; 67:449-460. [PMID: 32179141 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2020.01.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of unfractionated heparin in hypovolemic shock, aortic clamping, and visceral reperfusion is still not established, despite evidence of inhibition of early cell damage. This study investigated the potential protective effect of unfractionated heparin on hepatic and renal apoptosis in a porcine ischemia and reperfusion model. METHODS Twenty-one male swine (Sus scrofa) were divided into 3 groups: sham (n = 5), heparin (n = 8), and nonheparin (n = 8). The heparin and nonheparin groups underwent hypovolemic shock for 30 min, supraceliac aortic clamping for 1 h and reperfusion for 3 h. Unfractionated heparin 200 mg/kg was administered to the heparin group during aortic clamping. Hemodynamic and laboratory parameters were monitored, including aminotransferase and serum urea. Histological lesion scores were applied to hematoxylin and eosin-stained liver and kidney sections. Apoptosis quantification was performed by caspase-3 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The proposed model caused a severe cardiocirculatory disturbance in the heparin and nonheparin groups, observed by the carotid-femoral pressure gradient and lactic acidosis. There was no significant difference in hemodynamic and laboratory parameters between these two groups. The mean values of liver and renal histological lesion scores did not present any significant differences. Caspase-3 immunoexpression was lower in the heparin than the nonheparin group for both liver and kidney. CONCLUSIONS Attenuation of liver and kidney cell apoptosis in pigs undergoing systemic heparinization suggests a potential use for heparin in modulating cell death under critical hemodynamic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thyago Silva Grigório
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas de Itajubá, HCI, Itajubá, Brazil
| | - Manuel de Jesus Simões
- Department of Morphology and Genetics, Paulista School of Medicine/Federal University of São Paulo, EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Souza Cardoso
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Hospital de Clinicas de Itajubá, HCI, Itajubá, Brazil
| | - Djalma José Fagundes
- Department of Surgical Technique and Experimental Surgery, EPM/UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Zhang HY, Besner GE, Feng JX. Antibody blockade of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 attenuates proinflammatory activity of mesenteric lymph after hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Surgery 2016; 159:1449-60. [PMID: 26804820 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Yang R, Zou X, Tenhunen J, Zhu S, Kajander H, Koskinen ML, Tonnessen TI. HMGB1 neutralization is associated with bacterial translocation during acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. BMC Gastroenterol 2014; 14:66. [PMID: 24708589 PMCID: PMC3985724 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-14-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acetaminophen (APAP) hepatotoxicity is associated with a high rate of gram-negative enteric bacterial infection; however, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. APAP overdose induces massive hepatocyte necrosis, necrotic tissue releases high mobility group B1 (HMGB1) and exogenous HMGB1 is able to induce gut bacterial translocation (BT) in normal mice; therefore, it is possible that HMGB1 mediates gut BT in APAP hepatotoxicity. This study aims to test this hypothesis by using anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody to treat APAP overdose for 24-48 hours. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with a single dose of APAP (350 mg/kg dissolved in 1 mL sterile saline). 2 hrs after APAP injection, the APAP challenged mice were randomized to receive treatment with either anti-HMGB1 antibody (400 μg per dose) or non-immune (sham) IgG every 24 h for a total of 2 doses. RESULTS 24 and 48 hrs after APAP challenge, anti-HMGB1 treatment instead of sham IgG therapy significantly decreased serum HMGB1 concentrations and reduced BT by 85%; serum HMGB1 levels were positively correlated with the amount of BT; anti-HMGB1 therapy decreased hepatic BT at 48 h, which was associated with better recovered liver structure and better restored hepatic immune system that was shown by enhanced hepatic mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-6 and extensive proliferation of inflammatory and reticuloendothelial cells; however, anti-HMGB1 treatment did not decrease gut mucosal permeability as compared to the sham IgG therapy at either 24 or 48 hrs. CONCLUSION HMGB1 neutralization is associated with bacterial translocation during APAP hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runkuan Yang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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Yang J, Su Y, Zhou Y, Besner GE. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) therapy for intestinal injury: Application and future prospects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 21:95-104. [PMID: 24345808 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2013.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the past 20 years, we have been investigating the potential therapeutic roles of heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), a member of the epidermal growth factor family, in various models of intestinal injury including necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HS/R). Our studies have demonstrated that HB-EGF acts as an effective mitogen, a restitution-inducing reagent, a cellular trophic factor, an anti-apoptotic protein and a vasodilator, via its effects on various cell types in the intestine. In the current paper, we have reviewed the application and therapeutic effects of HB-EGF in three classic animal models of intestinal injury, with particular emphasis on its protection of the intestines from NEC. Additionally, we have summarized the protective functions of HB-EGF on various target cells in the intestine. Lastly, we have provided a brief discussion focusing on the future development of HB-EGF clinical applications for the treatment of various forms of intestinal injury including NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Yang
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Yanwei Su
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Yu Zhou
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
| | - Gail E Besner
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.
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Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) protects the intestines from radiation therapy-induced intestinal injury. J Pediatr Surg 2013; 48:1316-22. [PMID: 23845625 PMCID: PMC3710435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy (RT) often induces enteritis by inhibiting proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) has been shown to protect the intestine in several animal injury models. The objective of this study was to examine whether HB-EGF affects RT-induced intestinal injury. METHODS HB-EGF or PBS was administered intraperitoneally to mice daily for 3 days, followed by total body irradiation (TBI). Three days after TBI, intestinal segments were harvested, and BrdU immunohistochemistry was performed to identify proliferating crypts (n=25). Four days after TBI, intestinal segments were harvested and assessed for histologic injury (n=34), and FITC-dextran was administered via gavage with serum FITC-dextran levels quantified to determine gut barrier function (n=18). RESULTS Compared to non-HB-EGF-treated irradiated mice, administration of HB-EGF to irradiated mice led to a significantly increased percentage of proliferative crypts (72.6% vs. 50.5%, p=0.001), a significantly decreased percent of histologic sections with severe histologic injury (13.7% vs. 20.3%, p=0.005), and significantly reduced intestinal permeability (18.8 μg/mL vs. 22.6 μg/mL, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that administration of HB-EGF protects the intestines from injury after exposure to radiation therapy. Administration of HB-EGF may represent a novel therapy for the prevention of radiation enteritis in the future.
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Su Y, Yang J, Besner GE. HB-EGF promotes intestinal restitution by affecting integrin-extracellular matrix interactions and intercellular adhesions. Growth Factors 2013; 31:39-55. [PMID: 23305395 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2012.755966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Restitution is a critical form of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) healing. We have previously shown that heparin-binding epidermal-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is necessary for IEC restitution; however, the mechanisms by which HB-EGF promotes restitution remain poorly understood. This study was designed to investigate whether HB-EGF promotes intestinal restitution by affecting integrin-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions and intercellular adhesions. The effect of HB-EGF administration was examined in a murine necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) model in vivo and an IEC line scrape-wound healing model in vitro. We evaluated the effect of HB-EGF on the expression of integrins, E-cadherin/β-catenin, and integrin α5β1-dependent cell-ECM interactions. We found that HB-EGF promoted intestinal restitution and the expression of integrin α5β1. HB-EGF promoted integrin α5β1-dependent cell adhesion and spreading. In addition, HB-EGF decreased the expression E-cadherin/β-catenin, via the activation of v-erb-b2 erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB-1). We conclude that HB-EGF promotes intestinal restitution by affecting integrin-ECM interactions and intercellular adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Su
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
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Yang J, Watkins D, Chen CL, Bhushan B, Zhou Y, Besner GE. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor and mesenchymal stem cells act synergistically to prevent experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. J Am Coll Surg 2012; 215:534-45. [PMID: 22819639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that administration of heparin-binding EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) protects the intestines from experimental necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We have also demonstrated that systemically administered mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) can engraft into injured intestines. This study investigated the effects of HB-EGF on MSC in vitro, and whether MSC and HB-EGF can act synergistically to prevent NEC in vivo. STUDY DESIGN In vitro, the effect of HB-EGF on MSC proliferation, migration, and apoptosis was determined. In vivo, rat pups received MSC either intraperitoneally (IP) or intravenously (IV). Pups were assigned to 1 of 7 groups: Group 1, breast-fed; Group 2, experimental NEC; Group 3, NEC+HB-EGF; Group 4, NEC+MSC IP; Group 5, NEC+HB-EGF+MSC IP; Group 6, NEC+MSC IV; or Group 7, NEC+HB-EGF+MSC IV. Mesechymal stem cell engraftment, histologic injury, intestinal permeability, and mortality were determined. RESULTS Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor promoted MSC proliferation and migration, and decreased MSC apoptosis in vitro. In vivo, MSC administered IV had increased engraftment into NEC-injured intestine compared with MSC administered IP (p < 0.05). Heparin binding EGF-like growth factor increased engraftment of IP-administered MSC (p < 0.01) and IV-administered MSC (p < 0.05). Pups in Groups 3 to 7 had a decreased incidence of NEC compared with nontreated pups (Group 2), with the lowest incidence in pups treated with HB-EGF+MSC IV (p < 0.01). Pups in Group 7 had a significantly decreased incidence of intestinal dilation and perforation, and had the lowest intestinal permeability, compared with other treatment groups (p < 0.01). Pups in all experimental groups had significantly improved survival compared with pups exposed to NEC, with the best survival in Group 7 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor and MSC act synergistically to reduce injury and improve survival in experimental NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Yang
- The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, and the Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Yang J, Radulescu A, Chen CL, Zhang HY, James IO, Besner GE. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor improves intestinal barrier function and reduces mortality in a murine model of peritonitis. Surgery 2012; 153:52-62. [PMID: 22703966 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial peritonitis remain high. Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor (HB-EGF) is a potent intestinal cytoprotective agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HB-EGF in a model of murine peritonitis. METHODS HB-EGF(-/-) knockout (KO) mice and their HB-EGF(+/+) wild-type (WT) counterparts were subjected to sham operation, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), or CLP with HB-EGF treatment (800 μg/kg IP daily). Villous length, intestinal permeability, intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis, bacterial load in peritoneal fluid (PF) and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), inflammatory cytokine levels, and survival were determined. RESULTS After exposure to CLP, HB-EGF KO mice had significantly shorter villi (1.37 ± 0.13 vs 1.96 ± 0.4 relative units; P < .03), increased intestinal permeability (17.01 ± 5.18 vs 11.50 ± 4.67 nL/min/cm2; P < .03), increased IEC apoptotic indices (0.0093 ± 0.0033 vs 0.0016 ± 0.0014; P < .01), and increased bacterial counts in PF (25,313 ± 17,558 vs 11,955 ± 6,653 colony forming units [CFU]/mL; P < .05) and MLN (19,009 ± 11,200 vs 5,948 ± 2,988 CFU/mL/g; P < .01) compared with WT mice. Administration of HB-EGF to WT and HB-EGF KO mice exposed to CLP led to significantly increased villous length and decreased intestinal permeability, IEC apoptosis and bacterial counts in MLN (P < .05). Survival of HB-EGF KO mice subjected to CLP was significantly improved with administration of HB-EGF (P < .05). CONCLUSION HB-EGF gene KO increases susceptibility to peritonitis-induced intestinal injury, which can be reversed by administration of HB-EGF. These results support a protective role of HB-EGF in peritonitis-induced sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixin Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Pediatr 2012; 24:277-84. [PMID: 22414891 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0b013e328351e459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Creating a flexible multiple microRNA expression vector by linking precursor microRNAs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 411:276-80. [PMID: 21726537 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.06.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ∼22nt non-coding RNA molecules that usually function as endogenous repressors of target genes. Many biological processes depend on faithful miRNA expression and miRNA profiling has revealed dysregulation of many miRNAs in neurological, and cardiovascular diseases, and in cancer. Despite this finding, most studies have focused on the function of single miRNAs or miRNA clusters. To better address physiologically relevant collaborative miRNA interactions, we developed a simple and flexible platform which expresses several miRNAs that have different genomic locations from a single transcript using endogenous pre-miRNA sequences. As a proof of principle we cloned the miR-34 tumor suppressor family and showed that the miR-34a/34b/34c vector expresses each miRNA at similar levels to individual miRNA containing vectors. Moreover, the miR-34a/34b/34c vector suppressed cell growth more than the individual miRNA vectors. We expect that this platform will be invaluable as a tool to study the complex and synergistic interactions of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in human diseases and may have applications for use in gene therapy.
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