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Narayanan A, Musicki K, Aitken SJ, Taumoepeau L, Khashram M. Restoring flow to the Aotearoa New Zealand vascular workforce pipeline requires tangible strategic interventions. ANZ J Surg 2024; 94:782-784. [PMID: 38553886 DOI: 10.1111/ans.18990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anantha Narayanan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Korana Musicki
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah J Aitken
- Institute of Academic Surgery, Vascular Department, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Concord, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lupe Taumoepeau
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Manar Khashram
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Surgery, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Waikato Hospital, Hamilton, New Zealand
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Parzonka K, Ndayishimiye C, Domagała A. Methods and Tools Used to Estimate the Shortages of Medical Staff in European Countries-Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2945. [PMID: 36833641 PMCID: PMC9957245 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20042945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare workforce (HWF) shortages are the biggest challenges today in healthcare systems. Therefore, it is crucial to forecast the future needs of HWFs in order to plan accordingly. The purpose of this study was to identify, map, and synthesize the tools, methods, and procedures for measuring medical staff deficits in Europe. We used the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review methodology. Based on predefined criteria, 38 publications that were retrieved from multiple scientific databases, hand-searched on the internet, from relevant organizations, and scanned from references were considered. They were published between 2002 and 2022. There were 25 empirical studies, 6 theoretical papers, 5 reports, 1 literature review, and 1 guidebook. The majority estimated or measured shortages of physicians (14/38) and nurses (7/38) or looked at HWF generally (10/38). Various methods were used, including projections, estimations, predictions, simulation models, and surveys, which used tools such as special computer software or customized indicators, i.e., the Workload Indicators of Staffing Need method. Researchers estimated HWF shortages at both national and regional levels. Such projections and estimations were often based on demand, supply, and/or need. These methods and tools are not always suited to the needs of a country or medical facility, which is why they need to be further developed and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Parzonka
- Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland
| | - Costase Ndayishimiye
- Health Economics and Social Security Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 8 Skawińska St., 31-066 Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Domagała
- Health Policy and Management Department, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 8 Skawińska St., 31-066 Krakow, Poland
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Kiernan A, Boland F, Harkin DW, Alzayyat S, Ryan Á, Renton S, Wales L, Imray C. Vascular Surgery Workforce: Evaluation and Estimation of Future Demand in the United Kingdom. Ann Vasc Surg 2023; 89:153-160. [PMID: 36126835 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular disease is a common cause of death and disability in our growing elderly population and the demand for vascular procedures is increasing worldwide. Workforce planning is essential to meet future demand and provide safe vascular services. Our aim was to evaluate the current workforce in the United Kingdom and estimate future demand for vascular surgeons. METHODS From November 2020 to January 2021, we surveyed UK vascular surgeons for information on their work patterns. We estimated current vascular surgery (VS) workforce using the National Vascular Registry (NVR) data and population data from the Office for National Statistics. To estimate future demand, we interrogated Hospital Episode Statistic (HES) data using Hospital Admitted Patient Care Activity (HAPCA) and linear trend analysis. RESULTS NVR data estimate that currently there are 518 consultant VS in the United Kingdom, or 1 per 128,951 population, lower than international comparisons. HAPCA data (2012-2020) suggests VS Finished Consultant Episodes (FCE), admissions, and waiting lists are growing by approximately 2% per year, and we estimate the workforce will need to grow by more than 50% over the next 10 years to meet this demand and Vascular Society of Great Britain and Ireland recommendation. CONCLUSIONS The UK has a shortage of vascular surgeons at a time when vascular activity is increasing. The VS workforce, both VS consultant and vascular surgeons in training numbers need to expand to address the ongoing shortage and maintain a safe level of service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife Kiernan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Fiona Boland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Denis W Harkin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sarah Alzayyat
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Áine Ryan
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Renton
- North West London Hospitals National Health Service Trust, London, UK
| | - Lucy Wales
- Northern Vascular Centre, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christopher Imray
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust, Coventry, UK
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Selvaskandan H, Baharani J, Hamer R. Regional variations in nephrology trainee confidence with clinical skills may relate to the availability of local training opportunities in the UK: results from a national survey. Clin Exp Nephrol 2022; 26:886-897. [PMID: 35524893 PMCID: PMC9077353 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-022-02228-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The United Kingdom offers a standardised training program for nephrology fellows. However, local training opportunities vary resulting in mismatches between trainee interests and accessible opportunities. This may impact trainee confidence, satisfaction, and future service provision. Methods A survey assessing confidence with key procedures and sub-specialities was disseminated. Associations with region of training were probed using Chi square tests, with significance set at p < 0.0008 following a Bonferroni correction. Results were compared to trainee views on available opportunities for development. Results 139 responses were received (32% response rate, demographics representative of the UK nephrology trainee cohort). Procedural independence varied from 98% for temporary femoral vascular catheters to 5% for peritoneal dialysis catheters (PDIs). Independence with inserting tunnelled vascular catheters varied with region (p < 0.0001). Trainees expressed a desire for formal training in kidney ultrasound scanning and PDIs, corresponding with procedures they had least opportunity to become independent with. Trainees felt least confident managing kidney disease in pregnancy. Suggestions for improving training included protected time for garnering sub-speciality knowledge, developing procedural skills and for experiencing practice in other nephrology units. Conclusions A mismatch between trainee interests and professional development opportunities exists, which may threaten trainee autonomy and impact patient care particularly with regards to peritoneal dialysis. Provisions to facilitate trainee directed development need to be made while balancing the rigors of service provision. Such measures could prove critical to promoting trainee well-being and preventing attrition within the nephrology workforce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haresh Selvaskandan
- John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK. .,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Mayer IgA Nephropathy Laboratories, University of Leicester, Hodgkin Building, Lancaster Road, Leicester, LE1 7HB, UK.
| | - Jyoti Baharani
- Department of Renal Medicine, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, University Hospitals of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rizwan Hamer
- Department of Renal Transplantation and Nephrology, University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry, UK
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Vascular Surgeon Burnout and Resilience in the United Kingdom: A report from the Vascular Society Workforce Committee. Ann Vasc Surg 2022; 84:169-178. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2022.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kolossváry E, Björck M, Behrendt CA. A Divide between the Western European and the Central and Eastern European Countries in the Peripheral Vascular Field: A Narrative Review of the Literature. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163553. [PMID: 34441848 PMCID: PMC8397088 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Thirty years after the transition period, starting from 1989, Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs), representing one-fifth of the entire European population, share many historical, societal, political, economic, and cultural characteristics. Although accumulating data on coronary heart diseases and cerebrovascular diseases support these observations, in the case of peripheral arterial disease, data are scarce. The present review attempts to summarise the shreds of data that may highlight a divide in this field between CEECs and Western European countries. Disparities in risk factors and peripheral vascular care across Europe seem to be tangible and can be seen as a signal of existing differences. Improvements in research and development and the collection and cross-border share of scientific data are essential to initiate and facilitate convergence in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endre Kolossváry
- Department of Angiology, St. Imre University Teaching Hospital, 1115 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-30-3069605; Fax: +36-1-2033652
| | - Martin Björck
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Section of Vascular Surgery, Uppsala University, 75121 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Christian-Alexander Behrendt
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Research Group GermanVasc, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany;
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Fereydooni A, Ramirez JL, Morrow KL, Chandra V, Coleman DM, Lee JT. Factors influencing medical student choices in the integrated vascular surgery match: Implications for future post-pandemic residency matches. J Vasc Surg 2021; 74:1354-1361.e4. [PMID: 34023431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Integrated vascular surgery residency is among the most competitive specialties, but little is known about the applicant perspective. The coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak impacted the 2021 integrated vascular surgery residency match because of travel restrictions. We sought to better understand pre-pandemic applicant recruitment strategies, logistics of away rotations, and the residency interview process to identify areas for improvement in the application process. METHODS An anonymous survey was sent to matched students in 2020, inquiring about motivations for pursuing vascular surgery (VS), logistic of away rotations and interviews, and factors influencing students' rank lists. RESULTS Seventy of the 73 matched students completed the survey (95.9% response rate). The median age was 27 (range, 25-41); 32.9% were female, 91.4% were U.S. medical students, and 77.1% were from institutions with a VS training program. Factors most strongly influencing the decision to choose VS as a career were interest in open vascular procedures, endovascular procedures, perceived job satisfaction, emerging technologies, and influence of a mentor. The prospect of the job market, future salary, and competitiveness of the application process had the least impact. Of the matched students, 82.9% completed an away rotation (median, 2; range, 1-4), with 51.7% of students paying a total cost of more than $2500. Fifty percent of students matched either at their home institution or where they had performed an away rotation. Students reported application submissions to a median of 50 programs (range, 1-70) and interviewed at 17 (range, 1-28), with 40% of students paying a total of more than $4000 for interview costs. The most significant factors affecting students' rank lists included program culture, open aortic surgical volume, geography, and complex endovascular procedure volume. Tours of facilities, resident salary, and male/female distribution had the least importance. CONCLUSIONS Successfully matched applicants in 2020 prioritized operative case volume and program collegiality when ranking programs. Despite their high cost, away rotations played an important role in the Match, suggesting that time spent at potential institutions allowed ideal assessment of factors for students. The high average number of away rotations and in-person interviews performed in 2019-2020 was limited for the 2021 Match due to coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions. Programs will have to continue developing creative alternatives or additions to away rotations and the application processes to assure continued success in future post-pandemic Match cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Fereydooni
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif
| | - Joel L Ramirez
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, Calif
| | - Katherine L Morrow
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass
| | - Venita Chandra
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif
| | - Dawn M Coleman
- Section of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Jason T Lee
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, Calif.
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Lee KS, Ng JJ, Choong AMTL. A scoping review of vascular surgery education in the medical school curriculum. J Vasc Surg 2021; 74:1362-1374.e3. [PMID: 33940080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2021.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the high burden of vascular disease that is assessed, investigated, and managed by generalists, no specific medical school curriculum is in use for vascular surgery (VS). In the present scoping review, we aimed to map the available evidence on the provision of VS education in the medical school curriculum worldwide. METHODS The present review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis) extension for scoping reviews. The inclusion criterion was reported research studies on VS education in the medical curriculum. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included. Three main themes were identified. VS was perceived as an essential part of the general medical student curriculum by VS applicants. Exposure to VS varied considerably, and students generally expressed a need for an increase in VS coverage. The most important positive determinants when choosing VS as a career were having a VS mentor, the technical aspects of VS, and participation in a VS rotation. Frequently cited deterrents were the long training time and demanding lifestyle potentially compromising family life. CONCLUSIONS The present scoping review has provided a starting point to better understand the provision of VS education in medical schools across the world. Our review has demonstrated the variability in VS exposure at medical school and described students' sentiments toward VS. We have highlighted the need to determine whether the current curricula are adequate from the perspective of multiple stakeholders (eg, vascular surgeons, educators, general practitioners, a variety of specialists) with a crucial role in the treatment of patients with vascular conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Siang Lee
- SingVaSC, Singapore Vascular Surgical Collaborative, Singapore; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Jie Ng
- SingVaSC, Singapore Vascular Surgical Collaborative, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
| | - Andrew M T L Choong
- SingVaSC, Singapore Vascular Surgical Collaborative, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, National University Heart Centre, Singapore; Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the trainee experience to identify some of the factors which contribute to attrition from surgical training. SUMMARY BACKGROUND Not all trainees who commence a surgical training program continue and complete it. Surgical training can be personally and professionally demanding and trainees may, for a multitude of reasons, change career direction. Attrition from surgical training impacts upon multiple stakeholders: A decision to leave may be difficult and time consuming for the individual and can generate unanticipated inefficiency at a systems level. This project examined attrition from a national surgical training program to deepen understanding of some of the causes of the phenomenon. METHODS A qualitative study was performed. A purposeful sampling strategy was used to identify representative participants. Semistructured interviews were conducted with eleven trainees who withdrew or considered doing so. A thematic analysis was performed to examine the experiences of trainees and explore the factors which influenced a decision to withdraw. FINDINGS Five major themes emerged from the interview data: delivery of training, the training atmosphere, influence of seniors, concerns regarding progression, and the perception of the future role with respect to lifestyle. CONCLUSIONS The personal experience of surgical training is crucial in informing a decision to withdraw from a program. Voluntary attrition is appropriate where doctors, after experiencing some time in surgical training, recognize that a surgical career does not meet their expectation. However, improving the delivery of training by addressing the concerns identified in this study may serve to enhance the personal training experience and hence maximize retention.
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Märkl B, Füzesi L, Huss R, Bauer S, Schaller T. Number of pathologists in Germany: comparison with European countries, USA, and Canada. Virchows Arch 2020; 478:335-341. [PMID: 32719890 PMCID: PMC7969551 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-020-02894-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of pathology is in contrast to a shortage of qualified staff. The aims of the present study are to compile basic information on the numbers of German physicians in pathology and to compare it with the situation in Europe and overseas. In addition, model calculations will shed light on the effects of part-time working models. Various publicly accessible databases (EuroStat) as well as publications of medical associations and professional associations of European countries and the USA/Canada were examined. In addition, a survey was carried out among the institutes of German universities. Figures from 24 European countries and the USA/Canada were evaluated. With one pathologist per 47,989 inhabitants, the density of pathologists in Germany in relation to the population is the second-lowest in Europe (average: 32,018). Moreover, the proportion of pathologists among the physicians working in Germany is the lowest in Europe and at the same time lower than in the USA and Canada (Germany: 1:200, USA: 1:70, Canada: 1:49). The ratio of pathologists to medical specialists is shifted in the same direction. The survey among university pathologists revealed a relevant increase in the workload over the last 10 years. The majority of institutes can manage this workload only with considerable difficulties. With a ratio between specialists and residents of 1:1, the university institutes show a high commitment in the area of training. The results of this study indicate a shortage of pathologists in Germany that could lead to a bottleneck in large parts of the health system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Märkl
- General and Special Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
| | - Laszló Füzesi
- General and Special Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Huss
- General and Special Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Svenja Bauer
- General and Special Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Tina Schaller
- General and Special Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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Fereydooni A, Ramirez JL, Dossabhoy SS, Brahmandam A, Dardik A, Ochoa Chaar CI. A national post-Match webinar panel improves knowledge and preparedness of medical students interested in vascular surgery training. J Vasc Surg 2020; 71:1733-1740.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2019.08.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ohki T. Reviving surgery with the smile, excitement, and Gemeinschaft concept: attempt at the Department of Surgery, Jikei University. Innov Surg Sci 2019; 4:69-74. [PMID: 31579806 PMCID: PMC6754056 DOI: 10.1515/iss-2019-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Between 1994 and 2004, the number of surgeons in Japan declined by 18%, whereas the total number of medical doctors increased by 30% during the same period. This was due to the fact that the younger generation avoided tough working environments with long working hours. We attempted to revive surgery by reintroducing the good old Japanese community as the model under the slogan of “intimate community with excitement and sense of secureness”. In the absence of financial incentives, we were able to recruit young staff, and the number of surgeons at Jikei University has increased by 28% over the last 12 years and currently we have 280 surgeons. Our experience showed that although the younger generation is conscious about quality of life and financial success, they also value excitement, friendship, and happiness, something we were able to provide without financial spending. However, our success may be an exception and cannot be generalized; therefore, we should continue to strive to improve the surgeon’s quality of life by creating a better working environment, including sustainable work hours and decent financial incentives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takao Ohki
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Theodoulou I, Nicolaides M, Athanasiou T, Papalois A, Sideris M. Simulation-Based Learning Strategies to Teach Undergraduate Students Basic Surgical Skills: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF SURGICAL EDUCATION 2018; 75:1374-1388. [PMID: 29422405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify and critically appraise all literature surrounding simulation-based learning (SBL) courses, to assess their relevance as tools for undergraduate surgical education, and create a design framework targeted at standardizing future SBL. METHODS We performed a systematic review of the literature using a specific keyword strategy to search at MEDLINE database. RESULTS Of the 2371 potentially eligible titles, 472 were shortlisted and only 40 explored active interventions in undergraduate medical education. Of those, 20 were conducted in the United States, 9 in Europe and 11 in the rest of the world. Nineteen studies assessed the effectiveness of SBL by comparing students' attributes before and after interventions, 1 study assessed a new tool of surgical assessment and 16 studies evaluated SBL courses from the students' perspectives. Of those 40 studies, 12 used dry laboratory, 7 wet laboratory, 12 mixed, and 9 cadaveric SBL interventions. The extent to which positive results were obtained from dry, wet, mixed, and cadaveric laboratories were 75%, 57%, 92%, and 100%, respectively. Consequently, the SBL design framework was devised, providing a foundation upon which future SBL interventions can be designed such that learning outcomes are optimized. CONCLUSIONS SBL is an important step in surgical education, investing in a safer and more efficient generation of surgeons. Standardization of these efforts can be accelerated with SBL design framework, a comprehensive guide to designing future interventions for basic surgical training at the undergraduate level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iakovos Theodoulou
- Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Great Maze Pond, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Marios Nicolaides
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thanos Athanasiou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michail Sideris
- Women's Health Research Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Arous EJ, Judelson DR, Simons JP, Aiello FA, Doucet DR, Arous EJ, Messina LM, Schanzer A. Increasing the number of integrated vascular surgery residency positions is important to address the impending shortage of vascular surgeons in the United States. J Vasc Surg 2018; 67:1618-1625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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