Osteofibrous dysplasia and adamantinoma: A summary of diagnostic challenges and surgical techniques

Osteofibrous dysplasia of the 8th rib: a case report

Osteofibrous dysplasia (OFD) is a rare benign bone lesion primarily affecting the long bones' anterior cortex, commonly observed in adolescents. Typically found in the tibia and fibula, it represents less than 1% of primary bone tumors. While OFD is predominantly seen in the lower extremities, occurrences in ribs, particularly in adult females, are exceptionally rare. Distinguishing OFD from fibrous dysplasia and OFD-like adamantinoma is crucial due to distinct clinical and histopathological features. We illustrate an interesting clinical course of a 28-year-old adult female with monostotic OFD involving the right 8th rib, who was clinically and radiologically suspected to be having fibrous dysplasia (FD). However, histopathological examination assisted in the confirmation of the final diagnosis of OFD. This report presents a case of OFD in the 8th rib of a 28-year-old female, highlighting the diagnostic challenge and emphasizing the importance of accurate diagnosis for appropriate management. The rarity of this presentation underscores the need for further research to elucidate the clinical spectrum and optimal management strategies for OFD in unusual anatomical locations.

Unraveling molecular signatures in rare bone tumors and navigating the cancer pathway landscapes for targeted therapeutics

Rare cancers (RCs), which account for over 20% of cancer cases, face significant research and treatment challenges due to their limited prevalence. This results in suboptimal outcomes compared to more common malignancies. Rare bone tumors (RBTs) constitute 5-10% of rare cancer cases and pose unique diagnostic complexities. The therapeutic potential of anti-cancer drugs for RBTs remains largely unexplored. Identifying molecular alterations in cancer-related genes and their associated pathways is essential for precision medicine in RBTs. Small molecule inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies targeting specific RBT-associated proteins show promise. Ongoing clinical trials aim to define RBT biomarkers, subtypes, and optimal treatment contexts, including combination therapies and immunotherapeutic agents. This review addresses the challenges in diagnosing, treating, and studying RBTs, shedding light on the current state of RBT biomarkers, potential therapeutic targets, and promising inhibitors. Rare cancers demand attention and innovative solutions to improve clinical outcomes.