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Machado RAR, Bhat AH, Castaneda-Alvarez C, Askary TH, Půža V, Pagès S, Abolafia J. Xenorhabdus aichiensis sp. nov., Xenorhabdus anantnagensis sp. nov., and Xenorhabdus yunnanensis sp. nov., Isolated from Steinernema Entomopathogenic Nematodes. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:300. [PMID: 37493817 PMCID: PMC10371910 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Three bacterial strains, XENO-2T, XENO-7T, and XENO-10T, isolated from Steinernema entomopathogenic nematodes, were found to represent novel Xenorhabdus species. In this study, we describe these new species by whole-genome and whole-proteome phylogenomic reconstructions, by calculating sequence identity scores using core genome sequences, and by phenotypic characterization. Phylogenomic reconstructions using ribosomal and house-keeping genes, and whole-genome and whole-proteome sequences show that XENO-2T and XENO-10T are closely related to Xenorhabdus japonica DSM 16522T and that XENO-7T is closely related to Xenorhabdus bovienii subsp. africana XENO-1T and to X. bovienii subsp. bovienii T228T. The dDDH values between XENO-2T and XENO-10T and between XENO-2T and X. japonica DSM 16522T are 56.4 and 51.8%, respectively. The dDDH value between XENO-10T and X. japonica DSM 16522T is 53.4%. The dDDH values between XENO-7T and X. bovienii subsp. africana XENO-1T and between XENO-7T and X. bovienii subsp. bovienii T228T are 63.6 and 69.4%, respectively. These dDDH values are below the 70% divergence threshold for prokaryotic species delineation. The newly described species are highly pathogenic to G. mellonella larvae, grow at pH between 5 and 9 (optimum 5-7), at salt concentrations of 1-3% (optimum 1-2%), and temperatures between 20 and 37 °C (optimum 28-30 °C). Biochemical tests such as lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase, urease, gelatinase, citrate utilization, indole and acetoin production, and cytochrome oxidase tests allow to differentiate the novel species from their more closely related species. Considering these genetic and phenotypic divergencies, we propose the following new species: Xenorhabdus aichiensis sp. nov. with XENO-7T (= CCM 9233T = CCOS 2024T) as the type strain, Xenorhabdus anantnagensis sp. nov., with XENO-2T (= CCM 9237T = CCOS 2023T) as the type strain, and Xenorhabdus yunnanensis sp. nov., with XENO-10T (= CCM 9322T = CCOS 2071T) as the type strain. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the biodiversity and phylogenetic relationships of entomopathogenic bacteria associated with insect parasitic nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A R Machado
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Aashaq Hussain Bhat
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosciences, University Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Carlos Castaneda-Alvarez
- Experimental Biology Research Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile-Argand 11, 2000, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- Departamento de Sanidad Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tarique Hassan Askary
- Division of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Wadura Campus, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Vladimir Půža
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Sylvie Pagès
- INRAe, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Joaquín Abolafia
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Jaén, Campus 'Las Lagunillas', Jaén, Spain
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2
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Ogier JC, Akhurst R, Boemare N, Gaudriault S. The endosymbiont and the second bacterial circle of entomopathogenic nematodes. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:629-643. [PMID: 36801155 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Single host-symbiont interactions should be reconsidered from the perspective of the pathobiome. We revisit here the interactions between entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and their microbiota. We first describe the discovery of these EPNs and their bacterial endosymbionts. We also consider EPN-like nematodes and their putative symbionts. Recent high-throughput sequencing studies have shown that EPNs and EPN-like nematodes are also associated with other bacterial communities, referred to here as the second bacterial circle of EPNs. Current findings suggest that some members of this second bacterial circle contribute to the pathogenic success of nematodes. We suggest that the endosymbiont and the second bacterial circle delimit an EPN pathobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Noël Boemare
- DGIMI, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Montpellier, France
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3
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Awori RM. Nematophilic bacteria associated with entomopathogenic nematodes and drug development of their biomolecules. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:993688. [PMID: 36187939 PMCID: PMC9520725 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.993688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus symbionts to their respective Steinernema and Heterorhabditis nematode hosts is that they not only contribute to their entomopathogenicity but also to their fecundity through the production of small molecules. Thus, this mini-review gives a brief introductory overview of these nematophilic bacteria. Specifically, their type species, nematode hosts, and geographic region of isolations are tabulated. The use of nucleotide sequence-based techniques for their species delineation and how pangenomes can improve this are highlighted. Using the Steinernema–Xenorhabdus association as an example, the bacterium-nematode lifecycle is visualized with an emphasis on the role of bacterial biomolecules. Those currently in drug development are discussed, and two potential antimalarial lead compounds are highlighted. Thus, this mini-review tabulates forty-eight significant nematophilic bacteria and visualizes the ecological importance of their biomolecules. It further discusses three of these biomolecules that are currently in drug development. Through it, one is introduced to Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus bacteria, their natural production of biomolecules in the nematode-bacterium lifecycle, and how these molecules are useful in developing novel therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Musumba Awori
- Department of Biology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
- Elakistos Biosciences, Nairobi, Kenya
- *Correspondence: Ryan Musumba Awori,
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4
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Yimthin T, Fukruksa C, Muangpat P, Dumidae A, Wattanachaiyingcharoen W, Vitta A, Thanwisai A. A study on Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus isolates from Northeastern Thailand: Identification, antibacterial activity, and association with entomopathogenic nematode hosts. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255943. [PMID: 34383819 PMCID: PMC8360611 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus are gram negative bacteria that can produce several secondary metabolites, including antimicrobial compounds. They have a symbiotic association with entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species and their associated nematode symbionts from Northeastern region of Thailand. We also evaluated the antibacterial activity of these symbiotic bacteria. The recovery rate of EPNs was 7.82% (113/1445). A total of 62 Xenorhabdus and 51 Photorhabdus strains were isolated from the EPNs. Based on recA sequencing and phylogeny, Xenorhabdus isolates were identified as X. stockiae (n = 60), X. indica (n = 1) and X. eapokensis (n = 1). Photorhabdus isolates were identified as P. luminescens subsp. akhurstii (n = 29), P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis (n = 18), P. luminescens subsp. laumondii (n = 2), and P. asymbiotica subsp. australis (n = 2). The EPNs based on 28S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) analysis were identified as Steinernema surkhetense (n = 35), S. sangi (n = 1), unidentified Steinernema (n = 1), Heterorhabditis indica (n = 39), H. baujardi (n = 1), and Heterorhabditis sp. SGmg3 (n = 3). Antibacterial activity showed that X. stockiae (bMSK7.5_TH) extract inhibited several antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on mutualistic association between P. luminescens subsp. laumondii and Heterorhabditis sp. SGmg3. This study could act as a platform for future studies focusing on the discovery of novel antimicrobial compounds from these bacterial isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thatcha Yimthin
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chamaiporn Fukruksa
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Paramaporn Muangpat
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Abdulhakam Dumidae
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Wandee Wattanachaiyingcharoen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Apichat Vitta
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Aunchalee Thanwisai
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.,Center of Excellence for Biodiversity, Faculty of Science, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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5
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Sajnaga E, Kazimierczak W. Evolution and taxonomy of nematode-associated entomopathogenic bacteria of the genera Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus: an overview. Symbiosis 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00660-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AbstractEntomopathogenic bacteria from the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus are closely related Gram-negative bacilli from the family Enterobacteriaceae (γ-Proteobacteria). They establish obligate mutualistic associations with soil nematodes from the genera Steinernema and Heterorhabditis to facilitate insect pathogenesis. The research of these two bacterial genera is focused mainly on their unique interactions with two different animal hosts, i.e. nematodes and insects. So far, studies of the mutualistic bacteria of nematodes collected from around the world have contributed to an increase in the number of the described Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus species. Recently, the classification system of entomopatogenic nematode microsymbionts has undergone profound revision and now 26 species of the genus Xenorhabdus and 19 species of the genus Photorhabdus have been identified. Despite their similar life style and close phylogenetic origin, Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacterial species differ significantly in e.g. the nematode host range, symbiotic strategies for parasite success, and arrays of released antibiotics and insecticidal toxins. As the knowledge of the diversity of entomopathogenic nematode microsymbionts helps to enable the use thereof, assessment of the phylogenetic relationships of these astounding bacterial genera is now a major challenge for researchers. The present article summarizes the main information on the taxonomy and evolutionary history of Xenorhabdus and Photorhabdus, entomopathogenic nematode symbionts.
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Godjo A, Afouda L, Baimey H, Couvreur M, Zadji L, Houssou G, Bert W, Willems A, Decraemer W. Steinernema kandii n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from northern Benin. NEMATOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1163/15685411-00003201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Two nematode isolates from the genus Steinernema were collected in northern Benin. Morphological, morphometric, molecular and cross-hybridisation studies placed these nematodes into a new species, Steinernema kandii n. sp., within the bicornutum-group. Phylogenetic analyses based on both ITS and D2-D3 regions of 28S rDNA revealed that S. kandii n. sp. is different from all known Steinernema species and sister to S. abbasi (97.3-97.6% ITS nucleotide similarity) and S. bifurcatum (98.3-98.4% D2-D3 similarity). Steinernema kandii n. sp. can be separated from other members of the bicornutum-group by the greater infective juvenile (IJ) max. body diam. of 35 (27-48) μm (type isolate). It differs from S. abbasi by the greater IJ body length 707 (632-833) μm (type isolate), EP distance 55 (52-60) μm (type isolate), spicule length 67 (57-75) μm (type isolate) and the occurrence of one pair of genital papillae at the cloacal aperture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anique Godjo
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leonard Afouda
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
| | - Hugues Baimey
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
| | - Marjolein Couvreur
- 2Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lionel Zadji
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
| | - Gladys Houssou
- 1Faculty of Agronomy, University of Parakou, 02 B.P.1003 Parakou, Benin
| | - Wim Bert
- 2Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne Willems
- 3Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wilfrida Decraemer
- 2Nematology Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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Sajnaga E, Kazimierczak W, Skowronek M, Lis M, Skrzypek T, Waśko A. Steinernema poinari (Nematoda: Steinernematidae): a new symbiotic host of entomopathogenic bacteria Xenorhabdus bovienii. Arch Microbiol 2018; 200:1307-1316. [PMID: 29946739 PMCID: PMC6182613 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-018-1544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Three strains of symbiotic bacteria were isolated from an entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema poinari retrieved from soil in eastern Poland. Using 16S rDNA, recA, gltX, gyrB, and dnaN gene sequences for phylogenetic analysis, these strains were shown to belong to the species Xenorhabdus bovienii. The nucleotide identity between the studied S. poinari microsymbionts and other X. bovienii strains calculated for 16S rDNA and concatenated sequences of four protein-coding genes was 98.7-100% and 97.9-99.5%, respectively. The phenotypic properties of the isolates also supported their close phylogenetic relationship with X. bovienii. All three tested X. bovienii strains of different Steinernema clade origin supported the recovery of infective juveniles and subsequent development of the nematode population. However, the colonization degree of new infective juvenile generations was significantly affected by the bacterial host donor/recipient. The colonization degree of infective juveniles reared on bacterial symbionts deriving from a non-cognate clade of nematodes was extremely low, but proved the possible host-switching between non-related Steinernema species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Sajnaga
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland.
| | - Waldemar Kazimierczak
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Skowronek
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Lis
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Skrzypek
- Laboratory of Confocal and Electron Microscopy, Faculty of Biotechnology and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708, Lublin, Poland
| | - Adam Waśko
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704, Lublin, Poland
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Wolff H, Bode HB. The benzodiazepine-like natural product tilivalline is produced by the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus eapokensis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194297. [PMID: 29596433 PMCID: PMC5875774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pyrrolobenzodiazepine tilivalline (1) was originally identified in the human gut pathobiont Klebsiella oxytoca, the causative agent of antibiotic-associated hemorrhagic colitis. Here we show the identification of tilivalline and analogs thereof in the entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus eapokensis as well as the identification of its biosynthesis gene cluster encoding a bimodular non-ribosomal peptide synthetase. Heterologous expression of both genes in E. coli resulted in the production of 1 and from mutasynthesis and precursor directed biosynthesis 11 new tilivalline analogs were identified in X. eapokensis. These results allowed the prediction of the tilivalline biosynthesis being similar to that in K. oxytoca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Wolff
- Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Helge B. Bode
- Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- * E-mail:
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9
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Godjo A, Afouda L, Baimey H, Decraemer W, Willems A. Molecular diversity of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus bacteria, symbionts of Heterorhabditis and Steinernema nematodes retrieved from soil in Benin. Arch Microbiol 2017; 200:589-601. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-017-1470-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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10
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Kämpfer P, Tobias NJ, Ke LP, Bode HB, Glaeser SP. Xenorhabdus thuongxuanensis sp. nov. and Xenorhabdus eapokensis sp. nov., isolated from Steinernema species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:1107-1114. [PMID: 28056225 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two slightly yellowish-pigmented, oxidase-negative, rod-shaped and Gram-stain-negative bacterial strains (30TX1T and DL20T), isolated from Steinernema sangi and Steinernema eapokense, respectively, during soil sampling in Vietnam were studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain 30TX1T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the type strain of Xenorhabdus ehlersii (98.9 %) and strain DL20T to that of Xenorhabdus ishibashii (98.7 %). Sequence similarities to all other Xenorhabdus species were lower (<98.4 %). The two strains shared 98 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) based on concatenated partial recA, dnaN, gltX, gyrB and infB gene sequences showed a clear distinction of strains 30TX1T and DL20T among each other and to the closest related type strains. DNA-DNA hybridizations between strain DL20T and the type strain of X. ishibashii resulted in a relatedness value of 53 %. Genome-to-genome-based comparisons gave average nucleotide identities of 93.6 % (reciprocal 93.5 %) for strain 30TX1T and X. ehlersii DSM 16337T, of 92.8 % (reciprocal 93 %) for strain DL20T and X. ishibashiiDSM 22670Tand of 93.0 % (reciprocal 93.2 %) for the two novel strains. The fatty acid profile of the strains consisted of the major fatty acids C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C17 : 0 cyclo, C16 : 1ω7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, and C18 : 1ω7c. Genome-to-genome comparison and MLSA results together with the differential biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties showed that strains 30TX1T and DL20T represent novel Xenorhabdus species, for which the names Xenorhabdus thuongxuanensis sp. nov. (type strain 30TX1T=CCM 8727T=LMG 29916T) and Xenorhabdus eapokensis sp. nov. (type strain DL20T=CCM 8728T=LMG 29917T) are proposed, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kämpfer
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicholas J Tobias
- Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Long Phan Ke
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Helge B Bode
- Fachbereich Biowissenschaften, Merck Stiftungsprofessur für Molekulare Biotechnologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefanie P Glaeser
- Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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11
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Molecular and phenotypic characterization of Xenorhabdus bovienii symbiotically associated with Steinernema silvaticum. Arch Microbiol 2016; 198:995-1003. [PMID: 27342112 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-016-1261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Steinernema silvaticum is a common entomopathogenic nematode in soil of Europe; however, little is known about the bacteria living in symbiosis with this animal. In this study, we have isolated four bacterial strains from S. silvaticum and identified them as members of the species Xenorhabdus bovienii. This study was based on 16S rRNA and concatenated recA, dnaN, gltX, and gyrB gene sequence analysis. In addition, phenotypic traits have been considered, indicating that the tested strains are the most similar to those of X. bovienii. The phylogenetic relationships between the isolated strains and other strains of X. bovienii derived from various nematode hosts were analyzed and discussed. This is the first report confirming the symbiotic association of X. bovienii with S. silvaticum.
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12
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Cimen H, Půža V, NermuŤ J, Hatting J, Ramakuwela T, Hazir S. Steinernema biddulphi n. sp., a New Entomopathogenic Nematode (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) from South Africa. J Nematol 2016; 48:148-158. [PMID: 27765988 DOI: 10.21307/jofnem-2017-022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of entomopathogenic nematode (EPN), Steinernema biddulphi n. sp., was isolated from a maize field in Senekal, Free State Province of South Africa. Morphological and molecular studies indicated the distinctness of S. biddulphi n. sp. from other Steinernema species. Steinernema biddulphi n. sp. is characterized IJs with average body length of 663 μm (606-778 μm), lateral fields with six ridges in mid-body region forming the formula 2,6,2. Excretory pore located anterior to mid-pharynx (D% = 46). Hyaline layer occupies approximately half of tail length. Male spicules slightly to moderately curved, with a sharp tip and golden brown in color. The first generation of males lacking a mucron on the tail tip while the second generation males with a short filamentous mucron. Genital papillae with 11 pairs and one unpaired preanal papilla. The new species is further characterized by sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and partial 28S regions (D2-D3) of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Phylogenetic data show that S. biddulphi n. sp. belongs to the "bicornutum" clade within the Steinernematidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harun Cimen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
| | - Vladimír Půža
- Laboratory of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, The Czech Republic
| | - JiŘí NermuŤ
- Laboratory of Entomopathogenic Nematodes, Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, The Czech Republic
| | - Justin Hatting
- South African Agricultural Research Council, Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X29, Bethlehem, 9701, South Africa
| | - Tshima Ramakuwela
- South African Agricultural Research Council, Small Grain Institute, Private Bag X29, Bethlehem, 9701, South Africa
| | - Selcuk Hazir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Adnan Menderes University, 09010 Aydin, Turkey
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13
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First report of the symbiotic bacterium Xenorhabdus indica associated with the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema yirgalemense. J Helminthol 2014; 90:108-12. [DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x14000583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema yirgalemense is considered a promising agent in the biocontrol of insects. However, little is known about the bacteria living in symbiosis with the nematode. In this study, we have identified the only available bacterial strain (157-C) isolated from S. yirgalemense, as a member of the species Xenorhabdus indica. Identification was based on 16S rDNA, recA, dnaN, gltX, gyrB and infB gene sequence analyses. The relatedness of strain 157-C to the type strain of X. indica (DSM 17 382) was confirmed with DNA–DNA hybridization. The phenotypic characteristics of strain 157-C are similar to those described for the type strain of X. indica. This is the first report associating X. indica with S. yirgalemense.
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14
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Kuwata R, Qiu LH, Wang W, Harada Y, Yoshida M, Kondo E, Yoshiga T. Xenorhabdus ishibashii sp. nov., isolated from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema aciari. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:1690-1695. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.041145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria of the genus
Xenorhabdus
exhibit a mutualistic association with steinernematid entomopathogenic nematodes and a pathogenic relationship with insects. Here we describe two isolates of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema aciari collected from China and Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and phylogenetic analysis indicated that the isolates obtained from S. aciari belonged to the genus
Xenorhabdus
. Multilocus sequence analysis based on five universal protein-coding gene sequences revealed that the isolates were closely related to
Xenorhabdus ehlersii
DSM 16337T and
Xenorhabdus griffiniae
ID10T but that they exhibited <97 % sequence similarity with these reference strains, which indicated that the isolates were distinct from previously described species. Based on these genetic differences and several differential phenotypic traits, we propose that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus
Xenorhabdus
, for which we propose the name Xenorhabdus ishibashii sp. nov. The type strain is GDh7T ( = DSM 22670T = CGMCC 1.9166T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Kuwata
- Laboratory of Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Li-hong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, PR China
| | - Yuki Harada
- Laboratory of Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Mutsuhiro Yoshida
- Agro-Environment Research Division, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, 2421 Suya, Koshi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan
| | - Eizo Kondo
- Laboratory of Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan
| | - Toyoshi Yoshiga
- Laboratory of Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, Saga 840-8502, Japan
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15
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Ferreira T, van Reenen CA, Endo A, Spröer C, Malan AP, Dicks LMT. Description of Xenorhabdus khoisanae sp. nov., the symbiont of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema khoisanae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2013; 63:3220-3224. [PMID: 23456807 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.049049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial strain SF87(T), and additional strains SF80, SF362 and 106-C, isolated from the nematode Steinernema khoisanae, are non-bioluminescent Gram-reaction-negative bacteria that share many of the carbohydrate fermentation reactions recorded for the type strains of recognized Xenorhabdus species. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data, strain SF87(T) is shown to be closely related (98% similarity) to Xenorhabdus hominickii DSM 17903(T). Nucleotide sequences of strain SF87 obtained from the recA, dnaN, gltX, gyrB and infB genes showed 96-97% similarity with Xenorhabdus miraniensis DSM 17902(T). However, strain SF87 shares only 52.7% DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strain of X. miraniensis, confirming that it belongs to a different species. Strains SF87(T), SF80, SF362 and 106-C are phenotypically similar to X. miraniensis and X. beddingii, except that they do not produce acid from aesculin. These strains are thus considered to represent a novel species of the genus Xenorhabdus, for which the name Xenorhabdus khoisanae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SF87(T) ( =DSM 25463(T) =ATCC BAA-2406(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiarin Ferreira
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Carol A van Reenen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Cathrin Spröer
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Inhoffenstrasse 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Antoinette P Malan
- Department of Conservation Ecology and Entomology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Leon M T Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa
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16
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Tailliez P, Pagès S, Edgington S, Tymo LM, Buddie AG. Description of Xenorhabdus magdalenensis sp. nov., the symbiotic bacterium associated with Steinernema australe. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2011; 62:1761-1765. [PMID: 21948091 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.034322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A symbiotic bacterium, strain IMI 397775(T), was isolated from the insect-pathogenic nematode Steinernema australe. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, this bacterial isolate was shown to belong to the genus Xenorhabdus, in agreement with the genus of its nematode host. The accurate phylogenetic position of this new isolate was defined using a multigene approach and showed that isolate IMI 397775(T) shares a common ancestor with Xenorhabdus doucetiae FRM16(T) and Xenorhabdus romanii PR06-A(T), the symbiotic bacteria associated with Steinernema diaprepesi and Steinernema puertoricense, respectively. The nucleotide identity (less than 97%) between isolate IMI 397775(T), X. doucetiae FRM16(T) and X. romanii PR06-A(T) calculated for the concatenated sequences of five gene fragments encompassing 4275 nt, several phenotypic traits and the difference between the upper temperatures that limit growth of these three bacteria allowed genetic and phenotypic differentiation of isolate IMI 397775(T) from the two closely related species. Strain IMI 397775(T) therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Xenorhabdus magdalenensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain IMI 397775(T) ( = DSM 24915(T)).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tailliez
- Université Montpellier 2, UMR1333 Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes-Insectes (DGIMI), F-34000 Montpellier, France.,INRA, UMR1333 Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes-Insectes (DGIMI), F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Pagès
- Université Montpellier 2, UMR1333 Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes-Insectes (DGIMI), F-34000 Montpellier, France.,INRA, UMR1333 Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes-Insectes (DGIMI), F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | | | - Lukasz M Tymo
- CABI Europe-UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK
| | - Alan G Buddie
- CABI Europe-UK, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey TW20 9TY, UK
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17
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List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.019521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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18
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Tailliez P, Laroui C, Ginibre N, Paule A, Pagès S, Boemare N. Phylogeny of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus based on universally conserved protein-coding sequences and implications for the taxonomy of these two genera. Proposal of new taxa: X. vietnamensis sp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. caribbeanensis subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis subsp. nov., P. temperata subsp. khanii subsp. nov., P. temperata subsp. tasmaniensis subsp. nov., and the reclassification of P. luminescens subsp. thracensis as P. temperata subsp. thracensis comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2009; 60:1921-1937. [PMID: 19783607 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.014308-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We used the information from a set of concatenated sequences from four genes (recA, gyrB, dnaN and gltX) to investigate the phylogeny of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus (entomopathogenic bacteria associated with nematodes of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema, respectively). The robustness of the phylogenetic tree obtained by this multigene approach was significantly better than that of the tree obtained by a single gene approach. The comparison of the topologies of single gene phylogenetic trees highlighted discrepancies which have implications for the classification of strains and new isolates; in particular, we propose the transfer of Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. thracensis to Photorhabdus temperata subsp. thracensis comb. nov. (type strain CIP 108426T =DSM 15199T). We found that, within the genus Xenorhabdus, strains or isolates that shared less than 97 % nucleotide identity (NI), calculated on the concatenated sequences of the four gene fragments (recA, gyrB, dnaN and gltX) encompassing 3395 nucleotides, did not belong to the same species. Thus, at the 97% NI cutoff, we confirm the current 20 species of the genus Xenorhabdus and propose the description of a novel species, Xenorhabdus vietnamensis sp. nov. (type strain VN01T =CIP 109945T =DSM 22392T). Within each of the three current species of the genus Photorhabdus, P. asymbiotica, P. luminescens and P. temperata, strains or isolates which shared less than 97% NI did not belong to the same subspecies. Comparisons of the four gene fragments plus the rplB gene fragment analysed separately led us to propose four novel subspecies: Photorhabdus luminescens subsp. caribbeanensis subsp. nov. (type strain HG29T =CIP 109949T =DSM 22391T), P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis subsp. nov. (type strain C8404T = CIP 109946T =DSM 22397T), P. temperata subsp. khanii subsp. nov. (type strain C1T =NC19(T) =CIP 109947T =DSM 3369T), and P. temperata subsp. tasmaniensis subsp. nov. (type strain T327T =CIP 109948T =DSM 22387T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tailliez
- INRA and Université Montpellier 2, Unité d'Ecologie Microbienne des Insectes and Interactions hôte-Pathogène, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Christine Laroui
- INRA and Université Montpellier 2, Unité d'Ecologie Microbienne des Insectes and Interactions hôte-Pathogène, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Nadège Ginibre
- INRA and Université Montpellier 2, Unité d'Ecologie Microbienne des Insectes and Interactions hôte-Pathogène, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Armelle Paule
- INRA and Université Montpellier 2, Unité d'Ecologie Microbienne des Insectes and Interactions hôte-Pathogène, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Sylvie Pagès
- INRA and Université Montpellier 2, Unité d'Ecologie Microbienne des Insectes and Interactions hôte-Pathogène, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Noël Boemare
- INRA and Université Montpellier 2, Unité d'Ecologie Microbienne des Insectes and Interactions hôte-Pathogène, F-34000 Montpellier, France
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19
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Muurholm S, Cousin S, Päuker O, Brambilla E, Stackebrandt E. Pedobacter duraquae sp. nov., Pedobacter westerhofensis sp. nov., Pedobacter metabolipauper sp. nov., Pedobacter hartonius sp. nov. and Pedobacter steynii sp. nov., isolated from a hard-water rivulet. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007; 57:2221-2227. [PMID: 17911287 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.65166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Five isolates that were related phylogenetically to members of the genus Pedobacter were isolated from freshwater of the hard-water creek Westerhöfer Bach, North Germany. The five strains (WB 2.1-25T, WB 2.3-71T, WB 3.3-3T, WB 3.3-22T and WB 2.3-45T) were Gram-negative and chemoheterotrophic, with rod-shaped cells. Most of their metabolic properties matched those given in the description of the genus Pedobacter. Consistent with the genus description, their fatty acids included mainly iso-C15 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
ω7c, iso-C15 : 0 2-OH or both); C16 : 1
ω5c, C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 3-OH and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH were present in smaller amounts. The major isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone 7. With one exception, binary similarity values of the almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequences determined among the isolates as well as between the isolates and type strains of Pedobacter species were lower than 98.5 %. The only exception was the close relationship between Pedobacter caeni DSM 16990T and strain WB 2.3-45T (99.2 % similarity). DNA–DNA reassociation values determined for this pair of strains was 29.8 %, indicating that strain WB 2.3-45T represents a unique genospecies. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains WB 2.1-25T and WB 2.3-71T form a group that is moderately related to P. caeni and strain WB 2.3-45T (98.5 % similarity). Strains WB 3.3-3T and WB 3.3-22T (98.5 % similarity) branched separately from these four organisms. The five phylogenetically isolated strains differed from each other as well as from the type strain of the type species (Pedobacter heparinus DSM 2366T) and some related representatives of the genus in several metabolic reactions and cultural parameters. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic distinctiveness, five novel species are proposed: Pedobacter duraquae sp. nov., with WB 2.1-25T (=DSM 19034T=CIP 109481T) as the type strain; Pedobacter westerhofensis sp. nov., with WB 3.3-22T (=DSM 19036T=CIP 109479T) as the type strain; Pedobacter metabolipauper sp. nov., with WB 2.3-71T (=DSM 19035T=CIP 109480T) as the type strain; Pedobacter hartonius sp. nov., with WB 3.3-3T (=DSM 19033T=CIP 109468T) as the type strain; and Pedobacter steynii sp. nov., with WB 2.3-45T (=DSM 19110T=CIP 109507T) as the type strain.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Bacterial Typing Techniques
- Bacteroidetes/chemistry
- Bacteroidetes/classification
- Bacteroidetes/isolation & purification
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- DNA, Ribosomal/chemistry
- DNA, Ribosomal/genetics
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Fresh Water/microbiology
- Genes, rRNA
- Germany
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Organic Chemicals/metabolism
- Phylogeny
- Quinones/analysis
- RNA, Bacterial/genetics
- RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Muurholm
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sylvie Cousin
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Orsola Päuker
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Evelyne Brambilla
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Erko Stackebrandt
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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20
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Tailliez P, Pagès S, Ginibre N, Boemare N. New insight into diversity in the genus Xenorhabdus, including the description of ten novel species. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2007; 56:2805-2818. [PMID: 17158981 DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the diversity of a collection of 76 Xenorhabdus strains, isolated from at least 27 species of Steinernema nematodes and collected in 32 countries, using three complementary approaches: 16S rRNA gene sequencing, molecular typing and phenotypic characterization. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of the Xenorhabdus strains were highly conserved (similarity coefficient >95 %), suggesting that the common ancestor of the genus probably emerged between 250 and 500 million years ago. Based on comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene sequences, we identified 13 groups and seven unique sequences. This classification was confirmed by analysis of molecular typing profiles of the strains, leading to the classification of new isolates into the Xenorhabdus species described previously and the description of ten novel Xenorhabdus species: Xenorhabdus cabanillasii sp. nov. (type strain USTX62(T)=CIP 109066(T)=DSM 17905(T)), Xenorhabdus doucetiae sp. nov. (type strain FRM16(T)=CIP 109074(T)=DSM 17909(T)), Xenorhabdus griffiniae sp. nov. (type strain ID10(T)=CIP 109073(T)=DSM 17911(T)), Xenorhabdus hominickii sp. nov. (type strain KE01(T)=CIP 109072(T)=DSM 17903(T)), Xenorhabdus koppenhoeferi sp. nov. (type strain USNJ01(T)=CIP 109199(T)=DSM 18168(T)), Xenorhabdus kozodoii sp. nov. (type strain SaV(T)=CIP 109068(T)=DSM 17907(T)), Xenorhabdus mauleonii sp. nov. (type strain VC01(T)=CIP 109075(T)=DSM 17908(T)), Xenorhabdus miraniensis sp. nov. (type strain Q1(T)=CIP 109069(T)=DSM 17902(T)), Xenorhabdus romanii sp. nov. (type strain PR06-A(T)=CIP 109070(T)=DSM 17910(T)) and Xenorhabdus stockiae sp. nov. (type strain TH01(T)=CIP 109067(T)=DSM 17904(T)). The Xenorhabdus strains studied here had very similar phenotypic patterns, but phenotypic features nonetheless differentiated the following species: X. bovienii, X. cabanillasii, X. hominickii, X. kozodoii, X. nematophila, X. poinarii and X. szentirmaii. Based on phenotypic analysis, we identified two major groups of strains. Phenotypic group G(A) comprised strains able to grow at temperatures of 35-42 degrees C, whereas phenotypic group G(B) comprised strains that grew at temperatures below 35 degrees C, suggesting that some Xenorhabdus species may be adapted to tropical or temperate regions and/or influenced by the growth and development temperature of their nematode host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Tailliez
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité d'Ecologie Microbienne des Insectes et Interactions hôte-Pathogène, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case courrier 54, Bâtiment 24, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Sylvie Pagès
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité d'Ecologie Microbienne des Insectes et Interactions hôte-Pathogène, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case courrier 54, Bâtiment 24, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Nadège Ginibre
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité d'Ecologie Microbienne des Insectes et Interactions hôte-Pathogène, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case courrier 54, Bâtiment 24, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
| | - Noël Boemare
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité d'Ecologie Microbienne des Insectes et Interactions hôte-Pathogène, Université Montpellier II, Place Eugène Bataillon, Case courrier 54, Bâtiment 24, 34095 Montpellier CEDEX 5, France
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21
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Kuwata R, Shigematsu M, Yoshiga T, Yoshida M, Kondo E. Phylogenetic analyses of Japanese steinernematid nematodes and their associating Xenorhabdus bacteria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.3725/jjn.36.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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