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Fan D, Wang X, Song D, Shi Y, Chen Y, Wang J, Cao B, Zou G, He W. Optimizing nitrogen management to mitigate gaseous losses and improve net benefits of an open-field Chinese cabbage system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115583. [PMID: 35753128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The excessive and inappropriate application of nitrogen (N) fertilizer in open vegetable fields is a major anthropogenic source of gaseous N losses including nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions in China. A 2-yr Chinese cabbage (Brassica pekinensis L.) experiment was carried out to explore the impacts of optimized N management (reduced N application rate, controlled-release urea [CRF] and nitrification inhibitor [NI]) on cabbage yield, soil inorganic N, and N2O and NH3 emissions, and to assess their economic benefits by a cost-benefit analysis. Six treatments including i) no N fertilizer (CK), ii) conventional urea fertilizer at 400 kg N ha-1 based on farmers' practices (CN), iii) conventional urea at 320 kg N ha-1 (RN), iv) conventional urea (320 kg N ha-1) with the addition of NI (RN + NI), v) CRF at 320 kg N ha-1 (CR) and vi) CRF (320 kg N ha-1) with the addition of NI (CR + NI) were implemented in an open Chinese cabbage field. No significant differences were found in the cabbage yields and soil NH4+-N contents under different N fertilization treatments. Only CR + NI treatment had significantly lower soil NO3--N contents than CN by 17.6%-34.6% at the early growing stages of cabbage in both years. Compared with CN, the N2O emissions were significantly decreased by 8.61%, 34.4%, 37.8% and 46.6% under RN, RN + NI, CR and CR + NI, respectively, indicating that CR + NI favors N2O abatement especially when NH3 has been suppressed by other 4 R practices. Meanwhile, the NH3 volatilization was 20.6% higher under RN + NI and 30.8% and 17.3% lower under CR and CR + NI compared to CN, respectively, which implied that CR was the most effective treatment in reducing the NH3 volatilization and total gaseous N loss in high NH3-N loss scenarios. Moreover, the net benefit of RN decreased by $945 USD ha-1 and those of RN + NI, CR and CR + NI treatments increased by $855, $930 and $1004 USD ha-1 compared to CN, respectively. This study recommends CR + NI as the optimal N fertilizer management for the sustainable production of vegetables with the lowest environmental risks and the greatest economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daijia Fan
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Xuexia Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Daping Song
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yaoyao Shi
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Yanhua Chen
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China
| | - Wentian He
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resources and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, 100097, China.
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Chen X, Peng L, Wang J, Zhang D, Zhao Y, Zhao Q, Li T. Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand in Water Samples Using Gas-phase Molecular Absorption Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:841-846. [PMID: 31983716 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is important for water quality assessment as it represents the level of reductive organic pollution from eutrophication in aquatic systems. For surface water quality monitoring, permanganate is usually applied as an oxidizing reagent, and the routine CODMn determination is mostly achieved by titration method. However, this titration method is tedious and time consuming, and the results suffer from environmental temperature fluctuations and complicated operation techniques. In this study, a novel CODMn determination method was developed using gas-phase molecular absorption spectrometry equipped with an online automated digestion device for the first time. The effects of digestion temperature, digestion time and sulfuric acid content were thoroughly studied. This method exhibited good linearity (0.35 to 12 mg/L), a low detection limit (0.12 mg/L), and good RSD from various water samples (0.71 - 2.37%). When used for CODMn determination in routine water quality monitoring, this automated GPMAS can considerably improve analysis speed, efficiency, accuracy and stability compared to the traditional titration method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Chen
- Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission
| | - Lian Peng
- Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission
| | - Jingcheng Wang
- Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission
| | - Debing Zhang
- Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission
| | - Yong Zhao
- Shanghai Beiyu Analytical Instrument Co., Ltd
| | - Qichao Zhao
- Bureau of Hydrology, Changjiang Water Resources Commission
| | - Tianhao Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Technologies of Clean Energy, School of Materials and Energy, Southwest University
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Wang C, Li Z, Pan Z, Li D. A High-Performance Optoelectronic Sensor Device for Nitrate Nitrogen in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18103382. [PMID: 30309005 PMCID: PMC6210482 DOI: 10.3390/s18103382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The determination of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) in recirculating aquaculture systems is of great significance for the health assessment of the living environment of aquatic animals. Unfortunately, the commonly used spectrophotometric methods often yield unstable results, especially when the ambient temperature varies greatly in the field measurement. Here, we have developed a novel handheld absorbance measurement sensor based on the thymol-NO3-N chromogenic rearrangement reaction. In terms of hardware, the sensor adopts a dual channel/dual wavelength colorimeter structure that features a modulated light source transmitter and a synchronous detector receiver. The circuit measures the ratio of light absorbed by the sample and reference containers at two LEDs with peak wavelengths at 420 nm and 450 nm. Using the modulated source and synchronous detector rather than a constant (DC) source eliminates measurement errors due to ambient light and low frequency noise and provides higher accuracy. In terms of software, we design a new quantitative analysis algorithm for absorbance by studying colloid absorbing behavior. The application of a buffer operator embedded in the algorithm makes the sensor get the environmental correction function. The results have shown that the sensitivity, repeatability, precision and environmental stability are higher than that by ordinary spectrophotometry. Lastly, we have a brief overview of future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Internet of Things in Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Internet of Things in Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Zhongli Pan
- Healthy Processed Foods Research Unit, USDA-ARS-WRRC, 800 Buchanan St., Albany, CA 94710, USA.
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Daoliang Li
- College of Information and Electrical Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Acquisition Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Internet of Things in Agriculture, Beijing 100083, China.
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Cykowska M, Bebek M, Strugała-Wilczek A. Determination of Ammonium Concentration in Post-Process Waters from Underground Coal Gasification. CHEMISTRY-DIDACTICS-ECOLOGY-METROLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/cdem-2016-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A flow injection analysis method for spectrophotometric determination of ammonium in waters produced during underground coal gasification (UCG) of lignite and hard coal was described. The analysis of UCG water samples is very difficult because of their very complicated matrix and colour. Due to a huge content of organic and inorganic substances and intensive colour of samples (sometimes yellow, quite often dark brown or even black), most analytical methods are not suitable for practical application. Flow injection analysis (FIA) is based on diffusion of ammonia through a hydrophobic gas permeable membrane from an alkaline solution stream into an acid-base indicator solution stream. Diffused ammonia causes a colour change of indicator solution, and ammonia is subsequently quantified spectrophotometrically at 590 nm wavelength. The reliability of the results provided by applied method was evaluated by checking validation parameters like accuracy and precision. Accuracy was evaluated by recovery studies using multiple standard addition method. Precision as repeatability was expressed as a coefficient of variation (CV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Cykowska
- Central Mining Institute, pl. Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland , phone +48 32 259 28 52, fax +48 32 259 22 73
| | - Małgorzata Bebek
- Central Mining Institute, pl. Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland , phone +48 32 259 28 52, fax +48 32 259 22 73
| | - Aleksandra Strugała-Wilczek
- Central Mining Institute, pl. Gwarków 1, 40-166 Katowice, Poland , phone +48 32 259 28 52, fax +48 32 259 22 73
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Jaikang P, Grudpan K, Kanyanee T. Conductometric determination of ammonium ion with a mobile drop. Talanta 2015; 132:884-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yao YQ, Lu DF, Qi ZM, Xia S. Miniaturized Optical System for Detection of Ammonia Nitrogen in Water Based on Gas-Phase Colorimetry. ANAL LETT 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2012.682240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ayala A, Leal L, Ferrer L, Cerdà V. Multiparametric automated system for sulfate, nitrite and nitrate monitoring in drinking water and wastewater based on sequential injection analysis. Microchem J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Tan LL, Musa A, Lee YH. Determination of ammonium ion using a reagentless amperometric biosensor based on immobilized alanine dehydrogenase. SENSORS 2011; 11:9344-60. [PMID: 22163699 PMCID: PMC3231275 DOI: 10.3390/s111009344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 09/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of the enzyme alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) for the determination of ammonium ion (NH(4)(+)) usually requires the addition of pyruvate substrate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) simultaneously to effect the reaction. This addition of reagents is inconvenient when an enzyme biosensor based on AlaDH is used. To resolve the problem, a novel reagentless amperometric biosensor using a stacked methacrylic membrane system coated onto a screen-printed carbon paste electrode (SPE) for NH(4)(+) ion determination is described. A mixture of pyruvate and NADH was immobilized in low molecular weight poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) membrane, which was then deposited over a photocured pHEMA membrane (photoHEMA) containing alanine dehydrogenase (AlaDH) enzyme. Due to the enzymatic reaction of AlaDH and the pyruvate substrate, NH(4)(+) was consumed in the process and thus the signal from the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH at an applied potential of +0.55 V was proportional to the NH(4)(+) ion concentration under optimal conditions. The stacked methacrylate membranes responded rapidly and linearly to changes in NH(4)(+) ion concentrations between 10-100 mM, with a detection limit of 0.18 mM NH(4)(+) ion. The reproducibility of the amperometrical NH(4)(+) biosensor yielded low relative standard deviations between 1.4-4.9%. The stacked membrane biosensor has been successfully applied to the determination of NH(4)(+) ion in spiked river water samples without pretreatment. A good correlation was found between the analytical results for NH(4)(+) obtained from the biosensor and the Nessler spectrophotometric method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling Tan
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Ahmad Musa
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan D.K. 71800, Malaysia; E-Mail:
| | - Yook Heng Lee
- School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +60-3-8921-3356; Fax: +60-3-8921-5410
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Zhang M, Zhang Z, Yuan D, Feng S, Liu B. An automatic gas-phase molecular absorption spectrometric system using a UV-LED photodiode based detector for determination of nitrite and total nitrate. Talanta 2011; 84:443-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dar A, Anwar J, Shafique U. Estimation of sulfur by gas-phase molecular absorption spectroscopy (GPMAS) and use in pharmaceutical analysis. J Sulphur Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/17415990903480379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liang R, Jiang J, Qiu J. An amperometric glucose biosensor based on titania sol-gel/Prussian Blue composite film. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:1425-30. [PMID: 18997370 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.1425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
An improved amperometric glucose biosensor was constructed by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOD) in a titania sol-gel film, which was prepared by a vapor deposition method, on a Prussian Blue (PB)-modified electrode. The method combined the merits of immobilizing biomolecules in the titania sol-gel film by vapor deposition method and the synergic catalysis effects of PB and GOD molecules. Results showed that the fabricated titania sol-gel/PB membrane possessed high surface area, good mechanical stability, and good hydrophilicity, which provided a biocompatible microenvironment for maintaining the bioactivity of the immobilized enzyme and prevented the enzyme from leaking out of the film. Therefore, the present biosensor exhibited fast response time (10 s), high sensitivity (12.74 muA cm(-2) mM(-1)), long-term operational stability, good suppression of interference, and a wide linear range from 0.02 to 15 mM with a low detection limit of 5 muM for the detection of glucose. In addition, this simple and controllable method could fabricate biosensors in batches with a very small amount of enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruping Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
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Fukushi K, Ito H, Kimura K, Yokota K, Saito K, Chayama K, Takeda S, Wakida SI. Determination of ammonium in river water and sewage samples by capillary zone electrophoresis with direct UV detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1106:61-6. [PMID: 16297395 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2005] [Revised: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 10/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We developed capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) with direct UV detection for determination of ammonium in environmental water samples. Ammonium in the samples was partly converted into ammonia in the alkaline background electrolyte (BGE) during migration and was detected by molecular absorption of ammonia at 190 nm in approximately 7 min. The limit of detection (LOD) for ammonium was 0.24 mg/l (as nitrogen) at a signal-to-noise ratio of three. The respective values of the relative standard deviation (RSD) of peak area, peak height, and migration time for ammonium were 2.1, 1.8, and 0.46%. Major alkali and alkaline earth metal ions coexisting in the samples did not interfere with ammonium determination by the proposed method. The proposed method determined ammonium in surface water and sewage samples. The results were compared to those obtained using ion chromatography (IC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Fukushi
- Faculty of Maritime Sciences, Kobe University, 5-1-1 Fukaeminami-machi, Kobe 658-0022, Japan.
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