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Hanau S, Helliwell JR. 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and its crystal structures. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2022; 78:96-112. [PMID: 35234135 PMCID: PMC8900737 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x22001091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH; EC 1.1.1.44) catalyses the oxidative decarboxylation of 6-phosphogluconate to ribulose 5-phosphate in the context of the oxidative part of the pentose phosphate pathway. Depending on the species, it can be a homodimer or a homotetramer. Oligomerization plays a functional role not only because the active site is at the interface between subunits but also due to the interlocking tail-modulating activity, similar to that of isocitrate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme, which catalyse a similar type of reaction. Since the pioneering crystal structure of sheep liver 6PGDH, which allowed motifs common to the β-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase superfamily to be recognized, several other 6PGDH crystal structures have been solved, including those of ternary complexes. These showed that more than one conformation exists, as had been suggested for many years from enzyme studies in solution. It is inferred that an asymmetrical conformation with a rearrangement of one of the two subunits underlies the homotropic cooperativity. There has been particular interest in the presence or absence of sulfate during crystallization. This might be related to the fact that this ion, which is a competitive inhibitor that binds in the active site, can induce the same 6PGDH configuration as in the complexes with physiological ligands. Mutagenesis, inhibitors, kinetic and binding studies, post-translational modifications and research on the enzyme in cancer cells have been complementary to the crystallographic studies. Computational modelling and new structural studies will probably help to refine the understanding of the functioning of this enzyme, which represents a promising therapeutic target in immunity, cancer and infective diseases. 6PGDH also has applied-science potential as a biosensor or a biobattery. To this end, the enzyme has been efficiently immobilized on specific polymers and nanoparticles. This review spans the 6PGDH literature and all of the 6PGDH crystal structure data files held by the Protein Data Bank.
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Nano optical and electrochemical sensors and biosensors for detection of narrow therapeutic index drugs. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:411. [PMID: 34741213 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-05003-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a comprehensive review is presented on the quantitative determination of narrow therapeutic index drugs (NTIDs) by nano optical and electrochemical sensors and biosensors. NTIDs have a narrow index between their effective doses and those at which they produce adverse toxic effects. Therefore, accurate determination of these drugs is very important for clinicians to provide a clear judgment about drug therapy for patients. Routine analytical techniques have limitations such as being expensive, laborious, and time-consuming, and need a skilled user and therefore the nano/(bio)sensing technology leads to high interest.
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Uzhel A, Borodina A, Gorbovskaya A, Shpigun O, Zatirakha A. Determination of full organic acid profiles in fruit juices and alcoholic beverages using novel chemically derivatized hyperbranched anion exchanger. J Food Compost Anal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Lin J, Weixler D, Daboss S, Seibold GM, Andronescu C, Schuhmann W, Kranz C. Time-resolved ATP measurements during vesicle respiration. Talanta 2019; 205:120083. [PMID: 31450430 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In vitro synthesis of ATP catalyzed by the ATP-synthase requires membrane vesicles, in which the ATP-synthase is present within the bilayer membrane. Inverted vesicle prepared from Gram negative cells (e.g., Escherichia coli or Pseudomonas putida) can be readily obtained and used for in vitro ATP-synthesis. Up to now, quantification of ATP synthesized by membrane vesicles has been mostly analyzed via bioluminescence-based assays. Alternatively, vesicle respiration and the associated ATP level can be determined using biosensors, which not only provide high selectivity, but allow ATP measurements without the sample being illuminated. Here, we present a microbiosensor for ATP in combination with scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) using an innovative two-compartment electrochemical cell for the determination of ATP levels at E.coli or P. putida inverted vesicles. For a protein concentration of 22 mg/ml, a total amount of 0.29 ± 0.03 μM/μl ATP per vesicle was determined in case of E.coli; in turn, P. putida derived vesicles yielded 0.48 ± 0.02 μM/μl ATP per vesicle at a total protein concentration of 25.2 mg/ml. Inhibition experiments with Venturicidin A clearly revealed that the respiratory chain enzyme complex responsible for ATP generation is effectively involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lin
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Dominik Weixler
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sven Daboss
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Gerd M Seibold
- Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Søltofts Plads, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Corina Andronescu
- Chemical Technology III, Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Nanointegration (CENIDE), University of Duisburg-Essen, Carl-Benz-Str. 199, 47057, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Schuhmann
- Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES), Faculty of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, 17 Universitätsstr. 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Christine Kranz
- Institute of Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
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Sahin S. Stability evaluation of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase immobilized on amino-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2019; 49:590-596. [PMID: 30929562 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1591990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase was covalently immobilized onto the N-2-aminoethyl-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) modified core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 magnetic nanoparticles (ASMNPs) using glutaraldehyde (GA). Immobilization of 6PGDH on ASMNPs was confirmed using fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The NADP+ conversion ratio, the reusability, thermal, and storage stability of the immobilized 6PGDH were determined and compared with those of the free enzyme. The maximum retention of enzyme activity reached to 96% when the enzyme was immobilized on ASMNPs activated with monomer form of GA. Although the thermal stability of free and immobilized enzymes was similar, at 30 °C, the immobilized 6PGDH showed the improved thermal stability at 40 °C and 50 °C compared with free 6PGDH. While the free 6PGDH only converted 33% of NADP+ in reaction medium upon 480 s, the immobilized 6PGDH performed 56% conversion of NADP+ at same time. The immobilized 6PGDH retained 62% of its initial activity up to the fifth cycle and 35% of its initial activity after 22 days of storage at 4 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selmihan Sahin
- a Arts and Sciences Faculty, Department of Chemistry , Suleyman Demirel University , Cunur , Turkey
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A doped polyaniline modified electrode amperometric biosensor for gluconic acid determination in grapes. SENSORS 2014; 14:11097-109. [PMID: 24960084 PMCID: PMC4118375 DOI: 10.3390/s140611097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In winemaking gluconic acid is an important marker for quantitative evaluation of grape infection by Botrytis cinerea. A screen-printed amperometric bienzymatic sensor for the determination of gluconic acid based on gluconate kinase (GK) and 6-phospho-D-gluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) coimmobilized onto polyaniline/poly (2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propanesulfonic acid; PANI-PAAMPSA) is reported in this study. The conductive polymer electrodeposed on the working electrode surface allowed the detection of NADH at low potential (0.1 V) with a linear range from 4 × 10−3 to 1 mM (R2 = 0.99) and a sensitivity of 419.44 nA·mM−1. The bienzymatic sensor has been optimized with regard to GK/6PGDH enzymatic unit ratio and ATP/NADP+ molar ratio which resulted equal to 0.33 and 1.2, respectively. Under these conditions a sensitivity of 255.2 nA·mM−1, a limit of detection of 5 μM and a Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) of 4.2% (n = 5) have been observed. Finally, the biosensor has been applied for gluconic acid measurements in must grape samples and the matrix effect has been taken into consideration. The results have been compared with those obtained on the same samples with a commercial kit based on a spectrophotometric enzyme assay and were in good agreement, showing the capability of the bienzymatic PANI-PAAMPSA biosensor for gluconic acid measurements and thus for the evaluation of Botrytis cinerea infection in grapes.
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Pérez S, Bartrolí J, Fàbregas E. Amperometric biosensor for the determination of histamine in fish samples. Food Chem 2013; 141:4066-72. [PMID: 23993586 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A bienzymatic biosensor employing diamine oxidase (DOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) for the detection of histamine in fish samples has been developed and optimized in this work. These enzymes have been co-immobilized into a polysulfone/carbon nanotubes/ferrocene membrane by means of phase inversion technique onto screen-printed electrodes. The electrochemical measurements have been carried out in phosphate buffer solution at pH 8.0 in batch mode and low applied potential (-50 mV vs. Ag/AgCl, KCl 0.1 M) to minimize the interferences. Developed biosensor exhibits high sensitivity (1.9×10(7) nA(-1)), low limit of detection (1.7×10(-7) M), high storage stability and excellent reproducibility, obtaining a linear interval range from 3×10(-7) to 2×10(-5) M. Finally, applicability of the biosensor to the estimation of histamine content in different fish samples has been assessed; obtaining a good correlation between results obtained with the biosensor and those obtained with the reference method (ELISA) in case of sardines, mackerel and greater weever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pérez
- Sensors and Biosensors Group, Department of Chemistry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici Cn, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Pérez S, Fàbregas E. Amperometric bienzymatic biosensor for l-lactate analysis in wine and beer samples. Analyst 2012; 137:3854-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35227c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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