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Relation of Metal-Binding Property and Selective Toxicity of 8-Hydroxyquinoline Derived Mannich Bases Targeting Multidrug Resistant Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13010154. [PMID: 33466433 PMCID: PMC7796460 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Effective treatment of cancer is often limited by the resistance of cancer cells to chemotherapy. A well-described mechanism supporting multidrug resistance (MDR) relies on the efflux of toxic drugs from cancer cells, mediated by P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Circumventing Pgp-mediated resistance is expected to make a significant contribution to improved therapy of malignancies. Interestingly, MDR cells exhibit paradoxical hypersensitivity towards a diverse set of anticancer chelators. In this study we explore the relation of chemical and structural properties influencing metal binding and toxicity of a set of 8-hydroxyquinoline derivatives to reveal key characteristics governing “MDR-selective” activity. We find that subtle changes in the stability and redox activity of the biologically relevant metal complexes significantly influence MDR-selective toxicity. Our results underline the importance of chelation in MDR-selective toxicity, suggesting that the collateral sensitivity of MDR cells may be targeted by preferential iron deprivation or the formation of redox-active copper(II) complexes. Abstract Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a major obstacle in cancer treatment. A recently proposed strategy is to target the collateral sensitivity of multidrug resistant (MDR) cancer. Paradoxically, the toxicity of certain metal chelating agents is increased, rather than decreased, by the function of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), which is known to confer resistance by effluxing chemotherapeutic compounds from cancer cells. We have recently characterized and compared the solution’s chemical properties including ligand protonation and the metal binding properties of a set of structurally related 8-hydroxyquinoline derived Mannich bases. Here we characterize the impact of the solution stability and redox activity of their iron(III) and copper(II) complexes on MDR-selective toxicity. Our results show that the MDR-selective anticancer activity of the studied 8-hydroxyquinoline derived Mannich bases is associated with the iron deprivation of MDR cells and the preferential formation of redox-active copper(II) complexes, which undergo intracellular redox-cycling to induce oxidative stress.
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Zheng AQ, Hao YN, Guo TT, Shu Y, Wang JH. A fluorescence imaging protocol for correlating intracellular free cationic copper to the total uptaken copper by live cells. Talanta 2020; 220:121355. [PMID: 32928391 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A variety of fluorescence probes have been developed for fluorescence imaging of metals in biological cells. However, accurate quantification of metals with fluorescent approaches is challenging due to the difficulty in establishing a standard calibration curve in living cells. Herein, a fluorescence imaging protocol is developed for imaging intracellular Cu2+ and its correlation with the cellular uptake of copper. The total amount of intracellular Cu is detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in parallel. Fluorescence imaging of Cu2+ is accomplished with Rhodamine B derivative modified carbon dots (CDs-Rbh) based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) from CDs to rhodamine. Intracellular Cu2+ is correlated with fluorescence ratio at λem 500-600 nm (rhodamine) to λem 425-475 nm (CDs) with excitation at λex 405 nm. It is found that Cu2+ is linearly correlated with the total intracellular uptaken copper content, with a linear correlation between the relative fluorescence ratio in fluorescence imaging and intracellular Cu derived from ICP-MS, including both Cu(I) and Cu(II) species. The linear calibration equation is lg(F2/F1) = 0.00148 m[Cu]-0.3622. This approach facilitates further investigation and elucidation of copper transition in live cells and the evaluation of their cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi Zheng
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ya-Nan Hao
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Ting-Ting Guo
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Yang Shu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
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Gaál A, Garay TM, Horváth I, Máthé D, Szöllősi D, Veres DS, Mbuotidem J, Kovács T, Tóvári J, Bergmann R, Streli C, Szakács G, Mihály J, Varga Z, Szoboszlai N. Development and In Vivo Application of a Water-Soluble Anticancer Copper Ionophore System Using a Temperature-Sensitive Liposome Formulation. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12050466. [PMID: 32443790 PMCID: PMC7284829 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12050466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liposomes containing copper and the copper ionophore neocuproine were prepared and characterized for in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. Thermosensitive PEGylated liposomes were prepared with different molar ratios of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and hydrogenated soybean phosphatidylcholine (HSPC) in the presence of copper(II) ions. Optimal, temperature dependent drug release was obtained at 70:30 DPPC to HSPC weight ratio. Neocuproine (applied at 0.2 mol to 1 mol phospholipid) was encapsulated through a pH gradient while using unbuffered solution at pH 4.5 inside the liposomes, and 100 mM HEPES buffer pH 7.8 outside the liposomes. Copper ions were present in excess, yielding 0.5 mM copper-(neocuproine)2 complex and 0.5 mM free copper. Pre-heating to 45 °C increased the toxicity of the heat-sensitive liposomes in short-term in vitro experiments, whereas at 72 h all investigated liposomes exhibited similar in vitro toxicity to the copper(II)-neocuproine complex (1:1 ratio). Thermosensitive liposomes were found to be more effective in reducing tumor growth in BALB/c mice engrafted with C26 cancer cells, regardless of the mild hyperthermic treatment. Copper uptake of the tumor was verified by PET/CT imaging following treatment with [64Cu]Cu-neocuproine liposomes. Taken together, our results demonstrate the feasibility of targeting a copper nanotoxin that was encapsulated in thermosensitive liposomes containing an excess of copper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Gaál
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Tamás M. Garay
- Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, H-1083 Budapest, Práter utca 50/a, Hungary
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, H-1083 Budapest, Hungary
- Correspondence: (T.M.G.); (Z.V.); (N.S.); Tel.: +36-1-8864-769 (T.M.G.); +36-1-382-6568 (Z.V.); +36-1-372-2500 (ext. 6430) (N.S.)
| | - Ildikó Horváth
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (I.H.); (D.M.); (D.S.); (D.S.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Domokos Máthé
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (I.H.); (D.M.); (D.S.); (D.S.V.); (R.B.)
- CROmed Translational Research Centers Ltd., H-1047 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Szöllősi
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (I.H.); (D.M.); (D.S.); (D.S.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Dániel S. Veres
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (I.H.); (D.M.); (D.S.); (D.S.V.); (R.B.)
| | - Jeremiah Mbuotidem
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Tibor Kovács
- Institute of Radiochemistry and Radioecology, University of Pannonia, H-8200 Veszprém, Hungary;
| | - József Tóvári
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, H-1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Ralf Bergmann
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, H-1094 Budapest, Hungary; (I.H.); (D.M.); (D.S.); (D.S.V.); (R.B.)
- Helmholz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, D-01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christina Streli
- Institute of Atomic and Subatomic Physics, Atominstitut, TU Wien, A-1020 Vienna, Stadionallee 2, Austria;
| | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary;
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judith Mihály
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (J.M.)
| | - Zoltán Varga
- Biological Nanochemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (A.G.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence: (T.M.G.); (Z.V.); (N.S.); Tel.: +36-1-8864-769 (T.M.G.); +36-1-382-6568 (Z.V.); +36-1-372-2500 (ext. 6430) (N.S.)
| | - Norbert Szoboszlai
- Laboratory for Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter Stny. 1/A, Hungary
- Correspondence: (T.M.G.); (Z.V.); (N.S.); Tel.: +36-1-8864-769 (T.M.G.); +36-1-382-6568 (Z.V.); +36-1-372-2500 (ext. 6430) (N.S.)
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Cserepes M, Türk D, Tóth S, Pape VFS, Gaál A, Gera M, Szabó JE, Kucsma N, Várady G, Vértessy BG, Streli C, Szabó PT, Tovari J, Szoboszlai N, Szakács G. Unshielding Multidrug Resistant Cancer through Selective Iron Depletion of P-Glycoprotein-Expressing Cells. Cancer Res 2019; 80:663-674. [PMID: 31888888 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Clinical evidence shows that following initial response to treatment, drug-resistant cancer cells frequently evolve and, eventually, most tumors become resistant to all available therapies. We compiled a focused library consisting of >500 commercially available or newly synthetized 8-hydroxyquinoline (8OHQ) derivatives whose toxicity is paradoxically increased rather than decreased by the activity of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a transporter conferring multidrug resistance (MDR). Here, we deciphered the mechanism of action of NSC297366 that shows exceptionally strong Pgp-potentiated toxicity. Treatment of cells with NSC297366 resulted in changes associated with the activity of potent anticancer iron chelators. Strikingly, iron depletion was more pronounced in MDR cells due to the Pgp-mediated efflux of NSC297366-iron complexes. Our results indicate that iron homeostasis can be targeted by MDR-selective compounds for the selective elimination of multidrug resistant cancer cells, setting the stage for a therapeutic approach to fight transporter-mediated drug resistance. SIGNIFICANCE: Modulation of the MDR phenotype has the potential to increase the efficacy of anticancer therapies. These findings show that the MDR transporter is a "double-edged sword" that can be turned against resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihály Cserepes
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Türk
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Tóth
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Veronika F S Pape
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anikó Gaál
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Melinda Gera
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit E Szabó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Kucsma
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Pál T Szabó
- Instrumentation Centre, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jozsef Tovari
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Gergely Szakács
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary. .,Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Prabhu A, Gadre R, Gadgil M. Zinc supplementation decreases galactosylation of recombinant IgG in CHO cells. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:5989-5999. [PMID: 29749563 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9064-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Trace element composition of culture medium can be altered to modulate glycoform of recombinant glycoproteins. In this study, we show that Zn2+ supplementation at or above 100 μM decreases galactosylation of recombinant IgG expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells. This decrease in galactosylation is not due to reduced galactosyltransferase expression. This effect persists upon supplementation of galactose and uridine to the culture, indicating that it may not be due to reduced UDP-Gal availability. Measurements of galactosyltransferase activity in the cell lysate show that activity decreases with increasing Zn2+/Mn2+ ratio. This suggests that one possible explanation of the effect of Zn2+ may be reduced intracellular galactosyltransferase activity due to increase in Zn2+/Mn2+ ratio. Consistent with this, the decrease in galactosylation of IgG could be reversed by supplementation of Mn2+ (a cofactor of galactosyltransferase) which increases intracellular Mn2+ content. Measurement of total intracellular Zn2+ content, however, indicates no significant upregulation of total intracellular Zn2+ content and no significant downregulation of intracellular Mn2+ content with Zn2+ supplementation. One possible explanation could be that cellular detoxification response to higher extracellular Zn2+ concentration might lead to changes in intracellular distribution of Mn2+. In this case, Zn2+ supplementation would be expected to interfere with other known effects of Mn2+. Indeed, the previously reported increase in high mannose glycans upon Mn2+ supplementation in the absence of glucose is reversed by Zn2+ supplementation. This study also suggests the use of Mn2+ supplementation as a strategy to overcome the effect of lot-to-lot variability in trace element concentrations on galactosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuja Prabhu
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Ramchandra Gadre
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India
| | - Mugdha Gadgil
- Chemical Engineering and Process Development Division, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411008, India.
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Gaál A, Orgován G, Mihucz VG, Pape I, Ingerle D, Streli C, Szoboszlai N. Metal transport capabilities of anticancer copper chelators. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 47:79-88. [PMID: 29544811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, several Cu chelators [2,2'-biquinoline, 8-hydroxiquinoline (oxine), ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDTC), Dp44mT, dithizone, neocuproine] were used to study Cu uptake, depletion and localization in different cancer cell lines. To better understand the concentration dependent fluctuations in the Cu intracellular metal content and Cu-dependent in vitro antiproliferative data, the conditional stability constants of the Cu complex species of the investigated ligands were calculated. Each investigated chelator increased the intracellular Cu content on HT-29 cells causing Cu accumulation depending on the amount of the free Cu(II). Copper accumulation was 159 times higher for Dp44mT compared to the control. Investigating a number of other transition metals, intracellular accumulation of Cd was observed only for two chelators. Intracellular Zn content slightly decreased (cca. 10%) for MCF-7 cells, while a dramatic decrease was observed on MDA-MB-231 ones (cca. 50%). A similar decrease was observed for HCT-116, while Zn depletion for HT-29 corresponded to cca. 20%. The IC50 values were registered for the investigated four cell lines at increasing external Cu(II) concentration, namely, MDA-MB-231 cells had the lowest IC50 values for Dp44mT ranging between 7 and 35 nM. Thus, Zn depletion could be associated with lower IC50 values. Copper depletion was observed for all ligands being less pronounced for Dp44mT and neocuproine. Copper localization and its colocalization with Zn were determined by μ-XRF imaging. Loose correlation (0.57) was observed for the MCF-7 cells independently of the applied chelator. Similarly, a weak correlation (0.47) was observed for HT-29 cells treated with Cu(II) and oxine. Colocalization of Cu and Zn in the nucleus of HT-29 cells was observed for Dp44mT (correlation coefficient of 0.85).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anikó Gaál
- Laboratory for Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Hungary
| | - Gábor Orgován
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, H-1092 Budapest, Hőgyes Endre u. 9, Hungary; Research Group of Drugs of Abuse and Doping Agents, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1092 Budapest, Hőgyes Endre u. 9, Hungary
| | - Victor G Mihucz
- Laboratory for Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Hungary; Hungarian Satellite Trace Elements Institute to UNESCO, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Hungary
| | - Ian Pape
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - Dieter Ingerle
- Atominstitut, Technische Universitaet Wien, A-1020 Vienna, Stadionallee 2, Austria
| | - Christina Streli
- Atominstitut, Technische Universitaet Wien, A-1020 Vienna, Stadionallee 2, Austria
| | - Norbert Szoboszlai
- Laboratory for Environmental Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány Péter stny. 1/A, Hungary.
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Catapano MC, Tvrdý V, Karlíčková J, Mercolini L, Mladěnka P. A simple, cheap but reliable method for evaluation of zinc chelating properties. Bioorg Chem 2018; 77:287-292. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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A reliable protocol for colorimetric determination of iron oxide nanoparticle uptake by cells. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6663-6675. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Iron overload of human colon adenocarcinoma cells studied by synchrotron-based X-ray techniques. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:241-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-015-1331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Majer Z, Bősze S, Szabó I, Mihucz VG, Gaál A, Szilvágyi G, Pepponi G, Meirer F, Wobrauschek P, Szoboszlai N, Ingerle D, Streli C. Study of dinuclear Rh(II) complexes of phenylalanine derivatives as potential anticancer agents by using X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Gaál A, Orgován G, Polgári Z, Réti A, Mihucz VG, Bősze S, Szoboszlai N, Streli C. Complex forming competition and in-vitro toxicity studies on the applicability of di-2-pyridylketone-4,4,-dimethyl-3-thiosemicarbazone (Dp44mT) as a metal chelator. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 130:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Cerchiaro G, Manieri TM, Bertuchi FR. Analytical methods for copper, zinc and iron quantification in mammalian cells. Metallomics 2013; 5:1336-45. [DOI: 10.1039/c3mt00136a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Meyer A, Grotefend S, Gross A, Wätzig H, Ott I. Total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometry as a tool for the quantification of gold and platinum metallodrugs: Determination of recovery rates and precision in the ppb concentration range. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 70:713-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 07/14/2012] [Accepted: 07/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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