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Luan S, Cai D, Zhang D, Hou C, Meng L, Xu J, Yan D, Zheng H, Huang Q. Real-Time Monitoring of Translocation, Dissipation, and Cumulative Risk of Maleic Hydrazide in Potato Plants and Tubers by Ion Exclusion Chromatography. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15855-15862. [PMID: 37831971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a high-performance ion exclusion chromatographic (ICE) method was developed and applied for monitoring maleic hydrazide (MH) translocation in complex potato plant tissue and tuber matrices. After middle leaf uptake, most MH was trapped and dissipated in the middle leaf, and the rest was transported to other parts mainly through the phloem. Soil absorption significantly reduced the uptake efficiency of the root system, in which MH was partitioned to dissipate in root protoplasts or transfer through the xylem and persisted in the plant. Tuber uptake enabled MH to remain in the flesh and maintain stable levels under storage conditions, but during germination, MH was translocated from the flesh to the growing buds, where it dissipated through the short-day photoperiodic regime. The results demonstrated successful application of the ICE method and provided necessary insights for real-time monitoring of MH translocation behavior to effectively improve potato edible safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorong Luan
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Danni Cai
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Chang Hou
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Lingling Meng
- School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Jialin Xu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | - Dongmei Yan
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
| | | | - Qingchun Huang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Biology, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, PR China
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Polar Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer Method for Simple and Rapid Determination of Maleic Hydrazide Residues in some Fruits and Vegetables. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01859-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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3
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Amperometric hydrazine sensor based on the use of Pt-Pd nanoparticles placed on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:601. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3704-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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4
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Deng H, Bian Z, Yang F, Liu S, Li Z, Fan Z, Wang Y, Tang G. Use of autoclave extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for determination of maleic hydrazide residues in tobacco. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:2390-2397. [PMID: 31038270 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Maleic hydrazide has been extensively used as an effective growth regulator in tobacco sucker control. After application, maleic hydrazide distributes itself throughout the tobacco plant where it can exist as free, or forms glucoside conjugates with glucose, or becomes bound with lignin. Among them, free maleic hydrazide and its glucoside conjugates are extractable under conventional solvent extraction, while lignin bound maleic hydrazide is claimed to be non-extractable. Herein, an autoclave extraction method has been developed to extract maleic hydrazide effectively, in which tobacco samples are extracted in an autoclave at 130°C for 1 h using 4 M hydrochloric acid. Under such pressurized hot acidic water conditions, lignin bound maleic hydrazide can be released. Meanwhile, glucoside conjugates are hydrolyzed. Total maleic hydrazide is detected by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry, and the quantitative results coincide well with that obtained from the international standard method. The proposed autoclave extraction with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry method exhibits excellent linearity in the range of 5-200 mg/kg (R2 = 0.9998), the matrix matched limit of detection and limit of quantification is 0.68 and 2.27 mg/kg, respectively. This method is simple and improves sample capacity, providing an effective approach to monitoring maleic hydrazide residues in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Deng
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoyang Bian
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Liu
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghao Li
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ziyan Fan
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying Wang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gangling Tang
- China National Tobacco Quality Supervision and Test Center, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
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Chamkasem N. Determination of Glyphosate, Maleic Hydrazide, Fosetyl Aluminum, and Ethephon in Grapes by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:7535-7541. [PMID: 28759225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple high-throughput liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method was developed for the determination of maleic hydrazide, glyphosate, fosetyl aluminum, and ethephon in grapes using a reversed-phase column with weak anion-exchange and cation-exchange mixed mode. A 5 g test portion was shaken with 50 mM HOAc and 10 mM Na2EDTA in 1/3 (v/v) MeOH/H2O for 10 min. After centrifugation, the extract was passed through an Oasis HLB cartridge to retain suspended particulates and nonpolar interferences. The final solution was injected and directly analyzed in 17 min by LC-MS-MS. Two MS-MS transitions were monitored in the method for each target compound to achieve true positive identification. Four isotopically labeled internal standards corresponding to each analyte were used to correct for matrix suppression effects and/or instrument signal drift. The linearity of the detector response was demonstrated in the range from 10 to 1000 ng/mL for each analyte with a coefficient of determination (R2) of ≥0.995. The average recovery for all analytes at 100, 500, and 2000 ng/g (n = 5) ranged from 87 to 111%, with a relative standard deviation of less than 17%. The estimated LOQs for maleic hydrazide, glyphosate, fosetyl-Al, and ethephon were 38, 19, 29, and 34 ng/g, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narong Chamkasem
- Southeast Food and Feed Laboratory (SFFL), U.S. Food and Drug Administration , 60 Eighth Street, N.E., Atlanta, Georgia 30309, United States
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Habibi E, Heidari H. High-sensitive amperometric hydrazine sensor based on chemically synthesized zinc nitroprusside nanoparticle-supported carbon ceramic electrode. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-017-1080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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7
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Domingos Alves R, Romero-González R, López-Ruiz R, Jiménez-Medina ML, Garrido Frenich A. Fast determination of four polar contaminants in soy nutraceutical products by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:8089-8098. [PMID: 27595581 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9912-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An analytical method based on a modified QuPPe (quick polar pesticide) extraction procedure coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was evaluated for the determination of four polar compounds (chlorate, fosetyl-Al, maleic hydrazide, and perchlorate) in nutraceutical products obtained from soy. Experimental conditions including extraction such as solvent, acidification, time, and clean-up sorbents were varied. Acidified acetonitrile (1 % formic acid, v/v) was used as extraction solvent instead of methanol (conventional QuPPe), which provides a doughy mixture which cannot be injected into the LC. Clean-up or derivatization steps were avoided. For analysis, several stationary phases were evaluated and Hypercarb (porous graphitic carbon) provided the best results. The optimized method was validated and recoveries ranged between 46 and 119 %, and correction factors can be used for quantification purposes bearing in mind that inter-day precision was equal to or lower than 17 %. Limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged from 4 to 100 μg kg-1. Soy-based nutraceutical products were analyzed and chlorate was detected in five samples at concentrations between 63 and 1642 μg kg-1. Graphical Abstract Analysis of polar compounds in soy-based nutraceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Domingos Alves
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P. H. Rolfs, s/n, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Roberto Romero-González
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Rosalía López-Ruiz
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - M L Jiménez-Medina
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain
| | - Antonia Garrido Frenich
- Research Group "Analytical Chemistry of Contaminants", Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre for Agricultural and Food Biotechnology (BITAL), Agrifood Campus of International Excellence, ceiA3, University of Almeria, 04120, Almeria, Spain.
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Sakthinathan S, Kubendhiran S, Chen SM, Sireesha P, Karuppiah C, Su C. Functionalization of Reduced Graphene Oxide with β-cyclodextrin Modified Palladium Nanoparticles for the Detection of Hydrazine in Environmental Water Samples. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Sakthinathan
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan ROC
| | - Subbiramaniyan Kubendhiran
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan ROC
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan ROC
| | - Pedaballi Sireesha
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei 106 Taiwan ROC
| | - Chelladurai Karuppiah
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab; Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan ROC
- Department of Chemistry; National Taiwan University; No. 1, Section 4, Roosevelt Road Taipei 106 Taiwan ROC
| | - Chaochin Su
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei 106 Taiwan ROC
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Zhao Z, Sun Y, Li P, Zhang W, Lian K, Hu J, Chen Y. Preparation and characterization of AuNPs/CNTs-ErGO electrochemical sensors for highly sensitive detection of hydrazine. Talanta 2016; 158:283-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.05.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Kavian S, Azizi SN, Ghasemi S. Electrocatalytic detection of hydrazine on synthesized nanozeolite-supported Ag nanoparticle-modified carbon paste electrode at a negative potential in an alkaline medium. J Mol Liq 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2016.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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11
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Sakthinathan S, Kubendhiran S, Chen SM, Tamizhdurai P. Reduced graphene oxide/gold tetraphenyl porphyrin (RGO/Au–TPP) nanocomposite as an ultrasensitive amperometric sensor for environmentally toxic hydrazine. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09129f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A gold tetra phenyl porphyrin/reduced graphene oxide (RGO/Au–TPP) nanocomposite film modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was prepared for the trace level detection of hydrazine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Sakthinathan
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Subbiramaniyan Kubendhiran
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Electroanalysis and Bioelectrochemistry Lab
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 106
- Republic of China
| | - P. Tamizhdurai
- National Centre for Catalysis Research
- Indian Institute of Technology
- Chennai-600036
- India
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12
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Paul V, Ezekiel R, Pandey R. Sprout suppression on potato: need to look beyond CIPC for more effective and safer alternatives. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 53:1-18. [PMID: 26787928 PMCID: PMC4711416 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1980-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
World over, potatoes are being stored at 8-12 °C (85-90 % RH). This is the most common way of long-term (up to 6 to 9 months) storage of potatoes. The benefit of storing the potatoes within the temperature range of 8-12 °C is minimum accumulation of sugars in stored potato tubers. In sub-temperate, sub-tropical and tropical countries of the world, short-term (3 to 4 months) storage of potatoes is being done by non-refrigerated traditional/on-farm methods. These short- and long-term storage methods keep the stored potatoes suitable not only for table purpose but also for processing. However, once the natural dormancy period of potato is over, the prevailing temperatures in these storage methods favour sprouting and sprout growth. Therefore, use of some sprout suppressant to check the sprout growth becomes essential under these methods of potato storage. CIPC [Isopropyl N-(3-chlorophenyl) carbamate] is the most wide spread and commonly used sprout suppressant on potatoes. CIPC has been in use for more than 50 years and research carried out over such a long period use of CIPC has not only enhanced our understanding of its properties and chemistry but also about the production and toxicological status of its metabolites/degradation products. Today, various safety issues and concerns have surfaced primarily due to continuous and long-term use of CIPC. This review presents an appraisal on CIPC and explains the reasons for the long-time dependence on this chemical as a potato sprout suppressant. Issues like maximum residue limit and acceptable daily intake limit are being discussed for CIPC. This article brings an update on practical aspects of potato storage, residue levels of CIPC, efficacy of CIPC as sprout suppressant and health and environmental safety issues linked with CIPC and its metabolites. The aim of this article is to find possible solutions, way outs and future plans that can make the sprout suppression of potatoes safer and more risk free.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Paul
- />Central Potato Research Institute-Campus, Modipuram, Meerut, 250 110 UP India
- />Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - R. Ezekiel
- />Crop Physiology and Post-Harvest Technology, Central Potato Research Institute (CPRI), Shimla, 171 001 HP India
- />National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP), Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan – II, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110 012 India
| | - Rakesh Pandey
- />Division of Plant Physiology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), New Delhi, 110 012 India
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Karuppiah C, Velmurugan M, Chen SM, Devasenathipathy R, Karthik R, Wang SF. Electrochemical Activation of Graphite Nanosheets Decorated with Palladium Nanoparticles for High Performance Amperometric Hydrazine Sensor. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201500453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Nandi R, Singh SK, Singh HK, Singh B, Singh RK. Fabrication of liquid crystal based sensor for detection of hydrazine vapours. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Highly stable and sensitive amperometric sensor for the determination of trace level hydrazine at cross linked pectin stabilized gold nanoparticles decorated graphene nanosheets. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Highly selective amperometric sensor for the trace level detection of hydrazine at bismuth nanoparticles decorated graphene nanosheets modified electrode. Talanta 2014; 124:43-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Wang C, Gu H, Lv M, He R, Zhang J. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic analysis of maleic hydrazide adsorbed on gold surface. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 122:65-74. [PMID: 24295778 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of maleic hydrazide (MH, 6-hydroxy-3(2H)-pyridazinone) were studied by using citrate-reduced gold colloidal nanoparticles. Comparisons between the prominent SERS bands and the precise mode descriptions predicted through density functional theory (DFT) simulations at the B3LYP/6-311++g(d,p) level allowed an in-depth orientation analysis of the adsorbed species on gold surfaces. And main forms of hydrogen bonds in the solid state of MH were also determined to be O-H⋯O. Furthermore, the effects of concentration and pH on the SERS spectra of the molecule were discussed. It is found that with the different adsorbate concentration, the SERS spectra of MH show significant changes in their features, indicating different orientations and adsorption sites of the molecule on the gold colloidal surface. The SERS and absorption spectra under different pH conditions show that a basic environment leads to the deprotonation of N2 and the nearly parallel orientation of the MH molecule on the gold surface. Moreover, the enhanced characteristic bands were observed at MH concentrations down to about 1 ppm with the gold colloids, demonstrating a potential of the technique in the analysis of MH residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaimin Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China.
| | - Meng Lv
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruoyu He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
| | - Juling Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, 510631 Guangzhou, China
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Mol HGJ, van Dam RCJ. Rapid detection of pesticides not amenable to multi-residue methods by flow injection–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6817-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7644-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Yurdakok B, Baydan E, Okur H, Gurcan IS. Cytotoxic effects of etephon and maleic hydrazide in Vero, Hep2, HepG2 cells. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 37:459-65. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.884112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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