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González-Gómez L, Morante-Zarcero S, Pérez-Quintanilla D, Sierra I. Occurrence and Chemistry of Tropane Alkaloids in Foods, with a Focus on Sample Analysis Methods: A Review on Recent Trends and Technological Advances. Foods 2022; 11:foods11030407. [PMID: 35159558 PMCID: PMC8833975 DOI: 10.3390/foods11030407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are natural toxins produced by different plants, mainly from the Solanaceae family. The interest in TAs analysis is due to the serious cases of poisoning that are produced due to the presence of TA-producing plants in a variety of foods. For this reason, in recent years, different analytical methods have been reported for their control. However, the complexity of the matrices makes the sample preparation a critical step for this task. Therefore, this review has focused on (a) collecting the available data in relation to the occurrence of TAs in foods for human consumption and (b) providing the state of the art in food sample preparation (from 2015 to today). Regarding the different food categories, cereals and related products and teas and herbal teas have been the most analyzed. Solid–liquid extraction is still the technique most widely used for sample preparation, although other extraction and purification techniques such as solid-phase extraction or QuEChERS procedure, based on the use of sorbents for extract or clean-up step, are being applied since they allow cleaner extracts. On the other hand, new materials (molecularly imprinted polymers, mesostructured silica-based materials, metal–organic frameworks) are emerging as sorbents to develop effective extraction and purification methods that allow lower limits and matrix effects, being a future trend for the analysis of TAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Isabel Sierra
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-488-7018; Fax: +34-91-488-8143
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Nicholls IA, Golker K, Olsson GD, Suriyanarayanan S, Wiklander JG. The Use of Computational Methods for the Development of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2841. [PMID: 34502881 PMCID: PMC8434026 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed a dramatic increase in the use of theoretical and computational approaches in the study and development of molecular imprinting systems. These tools are being used to either improve understanding of the mechanisms underlying the function of molecular imprinting systems or for the design of new systems. Here, we present an overview of the literature describing the application of theoretical and computational techniques to the different stages of the molecular imprinting process (pre-polymerization mixture, polymerization process and ligand-molecularly imprinted polymer rebinding), along with an analysis of trends within and the current status of this aspect of the molecular imprinting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A. Nicholls
- Bioorganic & Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, Linnaeus University Centre for Biomaterials Chemistry, Department of Chemistry & Biomedical Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-391 82 Kalmar, Sweden; (K.G.); (G.D.O.); (S.S.); (J.G.W.)
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Suryana S, Mutakin, Rosandi Y, Hasanah AN. An Update on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Design through a Computational Approach to Produce Molecular Recognition Material with Enhanced Analytical Performance. Molecules 2021; 26:1891. [PMID: 33810542 PMCID: PMC8036856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) computational design is expected to become a routine technique prior to synthesis to produce polymers with high affinity and selectivity towards target molecules. Furthermore, using these simulations reduces the cost of optimizing polymerization composition. There are several computational methods used in MIP fabrication and each requires a comprehensive study in order to select a process with results that are most similar to properties exhibited by polymers synthesized through laboratory experiments. Until now, no review has linked computational strategies with experimental results, which are needed to determine the method that is most appropriate for use in designing MIP with high molecular recognition. This review will present an update of the computational approaches started from 2016 until now on quantum mechanics, molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics that have been widely used. It will also discuss the linear correlation between computational results and the polymer performance tests through laboratory experiments to examine to what extent these methods can be relied upon to obtain polymers with high molecular recognition. Based on the literature search, density functional theory (DFT) with various hybrid functions and basis sets is most often used as a theoretical method to provide a shorter MIP manufacturing process as well as good analytical performance as recognition material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shendi Suryana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (S.S.); (M.)
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Garut University, Jl. Jati No.42B, Tarogong, Garut 44151, Indonesia
| | - Mutakin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (S.S.); (M.)
| | - Yudi Rosandi
- Geophysic Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Aliya Nur Hasanah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia; (S.S.); (M.)
- Drug Development Study Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Sumedang 45363, Indonesia
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Jones NS, Comparin JH. Interpol review of controlled substances 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:608-669. [PMID: 33385148 PMCID: PMC7770462 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature in controlled substances from 2016 to 2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/content/download/14458/file/Interpol%20Review%20Papers%202019.pdf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Comparin
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
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Zuo J, Zhang X, Li X, Li Z, Li Z, Li H, Zhang W. Preparation of monoethyl fumarate-based molecularly imprinted polymers and their application as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the separation of scopolamine from tropane alkaloids. RSC Adv 2019; 9:19712-19719. [PMID: 35519365 PMCID: PMC9065296 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra03542g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) prepared using conventional functional monomers exhibit poor specific extraction of scopolamine from tropane alkaloids, which hinders their application in separation and purification. In this paper, a novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was prepared by precipitation polymerization using scopolamine as the template, monoethyl fumarate (MFMA) as a functional monomer, and ethylene dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as a cross-linker. The advantages of the supercritical fluid technology for the removal of the template were verified by comparing the efficiency of the swelling method and the Soxhlet extraction method. The prepared MFMA-based MIPs (MFMA-MIPs) showed a high adsorption capacity (49.75 mg g−1) and high selectivity toward scopolamine with a selectivity coefficient of 3.5. 1H NMR spectroscopy was performed to demonstrate the interactions between the two functional groups of the functional monomer and the template. Lastly, MFMA-MIPs were used as solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbents for scopolamine analysis. It was found that 97.0–107.0% of the template had been extracted using the SPE column from the complex of scopolamine, atropine and anisodamine. The mean recoveries of scopolamine from plant samples were 96.0–106.0% using the established method, which showed a good linearity in the range of 8.0–4.0 × 104 μg L−1. The results showed that MFMA-MIPs could be applied for the separation of scopolamine from tropane alkaloids. Monoethyl fumarate with two functional groups was introduced to prepare a MIP for the separation of scopolamine from tropane alkaloids.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Zongren Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 P. R. China
| | - Honghong Li
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei P. R. China
| | - Wencheng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Bio-Process of Ministry of Education, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology Hefei P. R. China
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Gao D, Wang DD, Fu QF, Wang LJ, Zhang KL, Yang FQ, Xia ZN. Preparation and evaluation of magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers for the specific enrichment of phloridzin. Talanta 2017; 178:299-307. [PMID: 29136826 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In present study, magnetic molecularly imprinted polymers (MMIPs) were successfully prepared for specific recognition and selective enrichment of phloridzin from the leaves of Malus doumeri (Bois) A. Chev and rats' plasma. The magnetic Fe3O4 were prepared by the solvothermal reaction method and followed by the modification of TEOS and functionalization with APTES. Using functionalized Fe3O4 particles as the magnetic cores, phloridzin as template, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as cross-linker and 2,2-azobisisobutyonnitrile (AIBN) as initiator, the MMIPs were prepared through APTES to associate the template on the surface of the magnetic substrate. The structural features and morphological characterizations of MMIPs were performed by FT-IR, SEM, TEM, XRD, TGA and VSM. The adsorption experiments revealed that the MMIPs presented high selective recognition property to phloridzin. The selectivity experiment indicated that the adsorption capacity and selectivity of polymers to phloridzin was higher than that of baicalin and 2,3,5,4'-ttrahydroxy stilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside. Furthermore, the MMIPs were employed as adsorbents for extraction and enrichment of phloridzin from the leaves of M. doumeri and rats' plasma. The recoveries of phloridzin in the leaves of M. doumeri ranged from 81.45% to 90.27%. The maximum concentration (Cmax) of phloridzin in rats' plasma was detected as 12.19 ± 0.84μg/mL at about 15min after oral administration of phloridzin (200mg/kg). These results demonstrate that the prepared MMIPs are suitable for the selective adsorption of phloridzin from complex samples such as natural medical plants and biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Die Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China.
| | - Dan-Dan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Qi-Feng Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Lu-Jun Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Kai-Lian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, China
| | - Feng-Qing Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Zhi-Ning Xia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China.
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Karim K, Cowen T, Guerreiro A, Piletska E, Whitcombe MJ. A Protocol for the Computational Design of High Affi nity Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Synthetic Receptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.17352/gjbbs.000009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cowen T, Busato M, Karim K, Piletsky SA. In Silico Synthesis of Synthetic Receptors: A Polymerization Algorithm. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:2011-2016. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd Cowen
- Leicester Biotechnology Group; Department of Chemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester LE1 7RH UK
| | - Mirko Busato
- Department of Biotechnology; University of Verona; Strada le Grazie 15 Verona 37134 Italy
| | - Kal Karim
- Leicester Biotechnology Group; Department of Chemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester LE1 7RH UK
| | - Sergey A. Piletsky
- Leicester Biotechnology Group; Department of Chemistry; University of Leicester; Leicester LE1 7RH UK
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Cowen T, Karim K, Piletsky S. Computational approaches in the design of synthetic receptors – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 936:62-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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