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Maaz A, Blagbrough IS, De Bank PA. Gold Nanoparticles: Tunable Characteristics and Potential for Nasal Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:669. [PMID: 38794331 PMCID: PMC11125093 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A general procedure to prepare gold nanourchins (GNUs) via a seed-mediated method was followed using dopamine hydrochloride as a reducing agent and silver nitrate salt (AgNO3) as a shape-directing agent. The novelty of this study comes from the successful incorporation of the prepared gold urchins as an aqueous suspension in a nasal pressurized metered dose inhaler (pMDI) formulation and the investigation of their potential for olfactory targeting for direct nose-to-brain drug delivery (NTBDD). The developed pMDI formulation was composed of 0.025% w/w GNUs, 2% w/w Milli-Q water, and 2% w/w EtOH, with the balance of the formulation being HFA134a propellant. Particle integrity and aerosolization performance were examined using an aerosol exposure system, whereas the nasal deposition profile was tested in a sectioned anatomical replica of human nasal airways. The compatibility of the gold dispersion with the nasal epithelial cell line RPMI 2650 was also investigated in this study. Colloidal gold was found to be stable following six-month storage at 4 °C and during the lyophilization process utilizing a pectin matrix for complete re-dispersibility in water. The GNUs were intact and discrete following atomization via a pMDI, and 13% of the delivered particles were detected beyond the nasal valve, the narrowest region in the nasal cavity, out of which 5.6% was recovered from the olfactory region. Moreover, the formulation was found to be compatible with the human nasal epithelium cell line RPMI 2650 and excellent cell viability was observed. The formulated GNU-HFA-based pMDI is a promising approach for intranasal drug delivery, including deposition in the olfactory region, which could be employed for NTBDD applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aida Maaz
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | | | - Paul A. De Bank
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
- Centre for Bioengineering & Biomedical Technologies, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Cegłowski M, Otłowski T, Gierczyk B, Smeets S, Lusina A, Hoogenboom R. Explosives removal and quantification using porous adsorbents based on poly(2-oxazoline)s with various degree of functionalization. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 340:139807. [PMID: 37574087 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric porous adsorbents are reported for removal of explosives, namely picric acid, 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (RDX), and pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) and their subsequent quantification using direct analysis with ambient plasma mass spectrometry. The adsorbents are obtained by functionalization of short-chain poly(2-oxazoline)s with methyl ester side chains using 4-(aminomethyl)pyridine with a degree of functionalization equal to 0, 5, 10, and 20%. The subsequent step consist of cross-linking using a high internal phase emulsion procedure by further side-chain amidation with diethylenetriamine as crosslinker. Picric acid, RDX, and PETN were chosen as the model compounds as they belong to three different groups of explosives, in particular nitroaromatics, nitroamines, and nitrate esters, respectively. The adsorption isotherms, kinetics, as well as the influence of pH and temperature on the adsorption process was investigated. The porous adsorbents showed the highest maximum adsorption capacity towards picric acid, reaching 334 mg g-1, while PETN (80 mg g-1) and RDX (17.4 mg g-1) were less efficiently adsorbed. Subsequent quantification of the adsorbed explosives is performed by a specially designed ambient mass spectrometry setup equipped with a thermal heater. The obtained limits of detection were found to be 20-times improved compared to direct analysis of analyte solutions. The effectiveness of the proposed analytical setup is confirmed by successful quantification of the explosives in river water samples. The research clearly shows that functional porous adsorbents coupled directly with ambient mass spectrometry can be used for rapid quantification of explosives, which can be, e.g., used for tracking illegal manufacturing sites of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Cegłowski
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Chemistry, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Otłowski
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Chemistry, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Błażej Gierczyk
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Chemistry, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sander Smeets
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Lusina
- Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Faculty of Chemistry, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614, Poznań, Poland
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Kumar A, Sahoo SC, Mehta SK, Soni P, Sharma V, Kataria R. A luminescent Zn-MOF for the detection of explosives and development of fingerprints. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:700-707. [PMID: 35099486 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01977e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A luminescent 3D metal-organic framework [Zn(NDA)(AMP)] = PUC1 (where, NDA = naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid and AMP = 4-aminomethyl pyridine) was synthesized under solvothermal conditions. The synthesized 3D framework was fully characterized with the help of different analytical techniques such as SCXRD, FTIR, TGA, PXRD, SEM, BET, etc. PUC1 exhibited a strong emission peak at 371 nm when excited at 290 nm and the resulting emission was efficiently quenched in the presence of various organic explosive substances like pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-N-methylnitramine (Tetryl), trinitrotoluene (TNT), 1,3,5-trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazoctane (HMX). PUC1 revealed highly sensitive and selective detection of PETN and Tetryl with high quenching constant values of 0.1 × 106 and 0.12 × 105 M-1 and low detection limits of 0.315 and 0.404 μM respectively. The strong luminescent properties of PUC1 lead to its successful application in the development of latent fingermarks on different non-porous surfaces using the powder dusting method. The accuracy and applicability of the synthesized material were determined by developing fingerprints by using secretions from eccrine and apocrine glands on a glass slide and various other surfaces, followed by dusting the surfaces. The results so obtained were found to be very accurate and promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | | | | | - Parmod Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL), Defence Research and Development Organisation, Chandigarh 160003, India
| | - Vishal Sharma
- Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
| | - Ramesh Kataria
- Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Colorimetric optical nanosensors for trace explosive detection using metal nanoparticles: advances, pitfalls, and future perspective. Emerg Top Life Sci 2021; 5:367-379. [PMID: 33960382 DOI: 10.1042/etls20200281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Warfare threats and acts of terror are challenging situations encountered by defense agencies across the globe and are of growing concern to the general public, and security-minded policy makers. Detecting ultra-low quantities of explosive compounds in remote locations or under harsh conditions for anti-terror purposes as well as the environmental monitoring of residual or discarded explosives in soil, remains a major challenge. The use of metal nanoparticles (NPs) for trace explosive detection has drawn considerable interest in recent years. For nano-based explosive sensor devices to meet real-life operational demands, analytical parameters such as, long-shelf life, stability under harsh conditions, ease-of-use, high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and rapid signal response must be met. Generally, the analytical performance of colorimetric-based nanosensor systems is strongly dependent on the surface properties of the nanomaterial used in the colorimetric assay. The size and shape properties of metal NPs, surface functionalisation efficiency, and assay fabrication methods, are factors that influence the efficacy of colorimetric explosive nanosensor systems. This review reports on the design and analytical performances of colorimetric explosive sensor systems using metal NPs as optical signal transducers. The challenges of trace explosive detection, advances in metal NP colorimetric explosive design, limitations of each methods, and possible strategies to mitigate the problems are discussed.
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Apak R, Çekiç SD, Üzer A, Çapanoğlu E, Çelik SE, Bener M, Can Z, Durmazel S. Colorimetric sensors and nanoprobes for characterizing antioxidant and energetic substances. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:5266-5321. [PMID: 33170182 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01521k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of analytical techniques for antioxidant compounds is important, because antioxidants that can inactivate reactive species and radicals are health-beneficial compounds, also used in the preservation of food and protection of almost every kind of organic substance from oxidation. Energetic substances include explosives, pyrotechnics, propellants and fuels, and their determination at bulk/trace levels is important for the safety and well-being of modern societies exposed to various security threats. Most of the time, in field/on site detection of these important analytes necessitates the use of colorimetric sensors and probes enabling naked-eye detection, or low-cost and easy-to-use fluorometric sensors. The use of nanosensors brings important advantages to this field of analytical chemistry due to their various physico-chemical advantages of increased surface area, surface plasmon resonance absorption of noble metal nanoparticles, and superior enzyme-mimic catalytic properties. Thus, this critical review focuses on the design strategies for colorimetric sensors and nanoprobes in characterizing antioxidant and energetic substances. In this regard, the main themes and properties in optical sensor design are defined and classified. Nanomaterial-based optical sensors/probes are discussed with respect to their mechanisms of operation, namely formation and growth of noble metal nanoparticles, their aggregation and disaggregation, displacement of active constituents by complexation or electrostatic interaction, miscellaneous mechanisms, and the choice of metallic oxide nanoparticles taking part in such formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reşat Apak
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Avcilar 34320, Istanbul, Turkey.
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To KC, Ben-Jaber S, Parkin IP. Recent Developments in the Field of Explosive Trace Detection. ACS NANO 2020; 14:10804-10833. [PMID: 32790331 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Explosive trace detection (ETD) technologies play a vital role in maintaining national security. ETD remains an active research area with many analytical techniques in operational use. This review details the latest advances in animal olfactory, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), and Raman and colorimetric detection methods. Developments in optical, biological, electrochemical, mass, and thermal sensors are also covered in addition to the use of nanomaterials technology. Commercially available systems are presented as examples of current detection capabilities and as benchmarks for improvement. Attention is also drawn to recent collaborative projects involving government, academia, and industry to highlight the emergence of multimodal screening approaches and applications. The objective of the review is to provide a comprehensive overview of ETD by highlighting challenges in ETD and providing an understanding of the principles, advantages, and limitations of each technology and relating this to current systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Chuen To
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sultan Ben-Jaber
- Department of Science and Forensics, King Fahad Security College, Riyadh 13232, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, Bloomsbury, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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Klapec DJ, Czarnopys G, Pannuto J. Interpol review of detection and characterization of explosives and explosives residues 2016-2019. Forensic Sci Int Synerg 2020; 2:670-700. [PMID: 33385149 PMCID: PMC7770463 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsisyn.2020.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This review paper covers the forensic-relevant literature for the analysis and detection of explosives and explosives residues from 2016-2019 as a part of the 19th Interpol International Forensic Science Managers Symposium. The review papers are also available at the Interpol website at: https://www.interpol.int/Resources/Documents#Publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas J. Klapec
- United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Greg Czarnopys
- United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Julie Pannuto
- United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, Forensic Science Laboratory, 6000 Ammendale Road, Ammendale, MD, 20705, USA
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Taefi Z, Ghasemi F, Hormozi-Nezhad MR. Selective colorimetric detection of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) using arginine-mediated aggregation of gold nanoparticles. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2020; 228:117803. [PMID: 31761546 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.117803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Detection of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) as an explosive has been of great interest because of public safety and military concerns. Here, we have presented a simple, selective and sensitive colorimetric method for direct detection of PETN. The gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were first exposed to arginine which has primary amines in its structure. Electron deficient -NH2 groups from arginine could strongly interact with -NO2 groups of PETN as electron donors. Hydrogen bonding happens between the -NO2 group of PETN and -NH2 group of arginine molecules. Therefore, selective aggregation of AuNPs happened because of the donor-acceptor and hydrogen bonding interactions. Due to the aggregation, the color of reddish AuNPs turned to blue or purple depend on PETN concentration. A good linear relationship was achieved between the aggregation signal (absorbance ratio of A650/A520) of the probe and the concentration of PETN with a limit of detection of 0.169 μmol L-1. Furthermore, we have found that the developed probe can detect PETN in complex matrices of groundwater and soil samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Taefi
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 111559516, Iran
| | - Forough Ghasemi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII), Agricultural Research, Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj 3135933151, Iran
| | - M Reza Hormozi-Nezhad
- Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 111559516, Iran; Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Ular N, Üzer A, Durmazel S, Erçağ E, Apak R. Diaminocyclohexane-Functionalized/Thioglycolic Acid-Modified Gold Nanoparticle-Based Colorimetric Sensing of Trinitrotoluene and Tetryl. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2335-2342. [PMID: 30350589 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Detection of explosive residues in soil and postblast debris is an important issue in sensor design for environmental and criminological purposes. An easy-to-use and low-cost gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based colorimetric sensor was developed for the determination of nitroaromatic explosives, i.e., trinitrotoluene (TNT) and tetryl, capable of analyte detection at picomolar (pM) levels. The sensor nanoparticles were synthesized by functionalizing the negatively charged thioglycolic acid (TGA)-modified AuNPs with positively charged (±)- trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) at a carefully calculated pH. The working principle of the sensor is charge-transfer (CT) interaction between the electron-rich free amino (-NH2) group of DACH and the electron-deficient -NO2 groups of TNT/tetryl, added to possible nanoparticle agglomerization via electrostatic interaction of TNT-Meisenheimer anions with more than one cationic DACH-modified AuNP. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of the sensor were 1.76 pM and 5.87 pM for TNT and 1.74 pM and 5.80 pM for tetryl, respectively. TNT, tetryl, and tetrytol, extracted from a nitroaromatic explosive-contaminated soil sample, were determined with the proposed sensor, yielding good recoveries. The sensor could be selectively applied to various mixtures of TNT with common energetic materials such as RDX, HMX, and PETN. Additionally, common soil ions (Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, and Al3+) as well as detergents, sugar, sweeteners, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), caffeine, and paracetamol-based painkiller drugs, which may be used as camouflage materials for explosives, either had no adverse effects or removable interferences on the detection method. The developed method was statistically validated against a GC-MS literature method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Ular
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşem Üzer
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selen Durmazel
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erol Erçağ
- Aytar Caddesi, Fecri Ebcioğlu Sokak, No. 6/8, Levent, Istanbul, 34340, Turkey
| | - Reşat Apak
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34320 Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
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Takahashi F, Yamamoto N, Todoriki M, Jin J. Sonochemical preparation of gold nanoparticles for sensitive colorimetric determination of nereistoxin insecticides in environmental samples. Talanta 2018; 188:651-657. [PMID: 30029426 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A simple colorimetric method using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was developed as an efficient strategy for specific and sensitive detection of insecticides that are analogs of nereistoxin (NRT). The AuNPs were synthesized by a surfactant-free sonochemical reaction with ultrasonication at 430 kHz. A color change occurred in the presence of NRT because the AuNPs aggregated if they were coated with a small amount of thioctic acid (TA). At a pH of around 5, the TA adsorbed on the AuNPs was deprotonated, whereas NRT was protonated (NRT-H+). Adsorption of NRT-H+ onto the TA-coated AuNPs surface would decrease the surface charge of the AuNPs, and this resulted in aggregation. Because the aggregation of the TA-coated AuNPs could not be induced by amine compounds without thiol groups, this provided a surface-limited aggregation mechanism for specific sensing of NRT. The absorbance at 700 nm was dependent on the concentration of NRT, and the calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 85 nM (12 ng/mL) to 1000 nM (140 ng/mL). The applicability of the proposed method to detection of trace levels of NRT in environmental water samples was successfully demonstrated using a simple liquid-liquid reverse extraction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiki Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamamoto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Miyuki Todoriki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Jiye Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shinshu University, Asahi 3-1-1, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.
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“Gold rush” in modern science: Fabrication strategies and typical advanced applications of gold nanoparticles in sensing. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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