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Huang Y, Li R, Zhu W, Zhao J, Wang H, Zhang Z, Lin H, Li W, Li Z. Development of a fluorescent multiplexed lateral flow immunoassay for the simultaneous detection of crustacean allergen tropomyosin, sarcoplasmic calcium binding protein and egg allergen ovalbumin in different matrices and commercial foods. Food Chem 2024; 440:138275. [PMID: 38150909 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
A quantum dot (QD) based multiplexed lateral flow immunoassay (xLFIA) for the simultaneous detection of egg allergen ovalbumin, crustacean allergen tropomyosin (TM) and sarcoplasmic calcium binding protein (SCP) was developed in this study. QD-labeled rabbit anti-ovalbumin, SCP and TM antibodies were applied as fluorescent detection probes. The chromatography system was optimized to reduce the mutual interference of different test lines. Visual and instrumental detection limits of the xLFIA were 0.1 and 0.05 μg/mL for SCP, both 0.05 μg/mL for ovalbumin and both 0.5 μg/mL for TM. As low as 0.10 % crab powder, 0.01 % egg white powder and 0.05 % shrimp powder could be detected in all three model foods using xLFIA. Besides, the xLFIA detection results of 23 of 28 commercial foods were consistent with ingredient labels. These findings indicate that the developed xLFIA is a practical tool for point-of-care detection of egg and crustacean allergens in processed and commercial foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Huang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, PR China
| | - Ranran Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, PR China
| | - Wenye Zhu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, PR China
| | - Jinlong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, PR China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, PR China
| | - Ziye Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, PR China
| | - Hong Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, PR China
| | - Wenjie Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Qingdao Women & Children Hospital, No.6, Tongfu Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266034, PR China.
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299, Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266404, PR China.
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Russo A, Cavalera S, Murray R, Lovera P, Quinn A, Anfossi L, Iacopino D. Pen direct writing of SERRS-based lateral flow assays for detection of penicillin G in milk. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1524-1534. [PMID: 38419877 PMCID: PMC10898433 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00846k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Direct pen writing offers versatile opportunities for development of low-cost tests for point-of-care applications. In this work a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) test was fabricated by hand "writing" immunoprobes onto hand-cut nitrocellulose strips with a commercial fountain pen. The qualitative capabilities of the test were extended by addition of a Raman reporter and consequent design and fabrication of a Surface Enhanced Resonant Raman Scattering (SERRS)-LFIA test. As proof-of-concept, dual detection of penicillin G was achieved in milk with a visual LOD of 20 ppm and a dynamic range of 0.03-97.5 ppm. Evaluation against equivalent tests performed with conventionally prepared LFIA strips showed comparable results, thus demonstrating the validity of the test. These results demonstrate the potential for further decrease in cost and consequent broader use of LFIA tests in remote regions and resource-limited environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Russo
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade T12R5CP Cork Ireland
| | - Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin Via P. Giuria 5 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Richard Murray
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade T12R5CP Cork Ireland
| | - Pierre Lovera
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade T12R5CP Cork Ireland
| | - Aidan Quinn
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade T12R5CP Cork Ireland
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin Via P. Giuria 5 10125 Turin Italy
| | - Daniela Iacopino
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade T12R5CP Cork Ireland
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3
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Cavalera S, Di Nardo F, Serra T, Testa V, Baggiani C, Rosati S, Colitti B, Brienza L, Colasanto I, Nogarol C, Cosseddu D, Guiotto C, Anfossi L. A semi-quantitative visual lateral flow immunoassay for SARS-CoV-2 antibody detection for the follow-up of immune response to vaccination or recovery. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2139-2149. [PMID: 38315042 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02895j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technique is largely employed for the point-of-care detection of antibodies especially for revealing the immune response in serum. Visual LFIAs usually provide the qualitative yes/no detection of antibodies, while quantification requires some equipment, making the assay more expensive and complicated. To achieve visual semi-quantification, the alignment of several lines (made of the same antigen) along a LFIA strip has been proposed. The numbering of the reacting lines has been used to correlate with the quantity of some biomarkers in serum. Here, we designed the first semiquantitative LFIA for detecting antibodies and applied it to classify the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 raised by vaccination or natural infection. We used a recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) as the specific capture reagent to draw two test lines. The detection reagent was selected among three possible ligands that are able to bind to anti-spike human antibodies: the same RBD, staphylococcal protein A, and anti-human immunoglobulin G antibodies. The most convenient detector, adsorbed on gold nanoparticles, was chosen based on the highest correlation with an antibody titre of 171 human sera, measured by a reference serological method, and was the RBD (Spearman's rho = 0.84). Incorporated into the semiquantitative LFIA, it confirmed the ability to discriminate high- and low-titre samples and to classify them into two classes (Dunn's test, P < 0.05). The proposed approach enabled the semiquantification of the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 by the unaided eye observation, thus overcoming the requirement of costly and complicated equipment, and represents a general strategy for the development of semiquantitative serological LFIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Thea Serra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Valentina Testa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Ludovica Brienza
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Irene Colasanto
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Chiara Nogarol
- In3diagnostic srl, Largo Braccini 2, Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Domenico Cosseddu
- A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Ospedale Umberto I di Torino, Via Magellano 1, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristina Guiotto
- A.O. Ordine Mauriziano, Ospedale Umberto I di Torino, Via Magellano 1, Turin, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, Turin, Italy.
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4
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Miglione A, Di Nardo F, Cavalera S, Serra T, Baggiani C, Cinti S, Anfossi L. Merging Lateral Flow Immunoassay with Electroanalysis as a Novel Sensing Platform: Prostate Specific Antigen Detection as Case of Study. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2297-2302. [PMID: 38289028 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c04078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) strips as the most known point-of-care (POC) devices enabling rapid and easy detection of relevant biomarkers by nonspecialists. However, these diagnostic tests are usually associated with the qualitative detection of the biomarker of interest. Alternatively, electrochemical-based diagnostics, especially known for diabetes care, enable quantitative determination of biomarkers. From an analytical point perspective, the combination of the two approaches might represent a step forward for the POC world: in fact, electrochemical transduction is attractive to be integrated into LFIA strips due to its simplicity, high sensitivity, fast signal generation, and cost effectiveness. In this work, a LFIA strip has been combined with an electrochemical transduction, yielding an electrochemical LFIA (eLFIA). As a proof-of-concept method, the detection of prostate-specific antigen has been carried out by combining a printed-electrochemical strip with the traditional LFIA tests. The electrochemical detection has been based on the measurement of Au ions produced from the dissolution of the gold nanoparticles previously captured on the test line. The analytical performances obtained at LFIA and eLFIA were compared, highlighting how the use of differential pulse voltammetry allowed for a lower detection limit (2.5-fold), respectively, 0.38 and 0.15 ng/mL, but increasing the time of analysis. Although the correlation between the two architectures confirmed the satisfactory agreement of outputs, this technical note has been thought to provide the reader a fair statement with regard to the strength and drawbacks about combining the two (apparently) competitor devices in a diagnostics field, namely, LFIA and electrochemical strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Miglione
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Thea Serra
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Stefano Cinti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples "Federico II", Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, 10124 Turin, Italy
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5
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Cavalera S, Alladio E, Foglia EA, Grazioli S, Colitti B, Rosati S, Nogarol C, Di Nardo F, Serra T, Testa V, Baggiani C, Maccabiani G, Brocchi E, Anfossi L. Experimental design for the development of a multiplex antigen lateral flow immunoassay detecting the Southern African Territory (SAT) serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 191:9. [PMID: 38052755 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-06090-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Antigenic lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) rely on the non-competitive sandwich format, including a detection (labelled) antibody and a capture antibody immobilised onto the analytical membrane. When the same antibody is used for the capture and the detection (single epitope immunoassay), the saturation of analyte epitopes by the probe compromises the capture and lowers the sensitivity. Hence, several factors, including the amount of the probe, the antibody-to-label ratio, and the contact time between the probe and the analyte before reaching the capture antibody, must be adjusted. We explored different designs of experiments (full-factorial, optimal, sub-optimal models) to optimise a multiplex sandwich-type LFIA for the diagnosis and serotyping of two Southern African Territory (SAT) serotypes of the foot-and-mouth disease virus, and to evaluate the reduction of the number of experiments in the development. Both assays employed single epitope sandwich, so most influencing variables on the sensitivity were studied and individuated. We upgraded a previous device increasing the sensitivity by a factor of two and reached the visual limit of detection of 103.7 and 104.0 (TCID/mL) for SAT 1 and SAT 2, respectively. The positioning of the capture region along the LFIA strip was the most influent variable to increase the detectability. Furthermore, we confirmed that the 13-optimal DoE was the most convenient approach for designing the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Alladio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Efrem Alessandro Foglia
- National/OIE/FAO, Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Santina Grazioli
- National/OIE/FAO, Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 5, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo P. Braccini 5, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Chiara Nogarol
- In3diagnostic s.r.l., Largo P. Braccini, 2, Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Thea Serra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Valentina Testa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Giampietro Maccabiani
- National/OIE/FAO, Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Emiliana Brocchi
- National/OIE/FAO, Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Lombardia E Dell'Emilia-Romagna, Via A. Bianchi 9, Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 5, Turin, TO, Italy
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6
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Kim S, Ryoo S, Park EK, Cha SH, Song HS, Kim K, Lee J. On-Site Remote Monitoring System with NIR Signal-Based Detection of Infectious Disease Virus in Opaque Salivary Samples. ACS Sens 2023; 8:1299-1307. [PMID: 36786758 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c02818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Infectious disease viruses, such as foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), are highly contagious viruses that cause significant socioeconomic damage upon spreading. Developing an on-site diagnostic tool for early clinical detection and real-time surveillance of FMDV outbreaks is essential to prevent the further spread of the disease. However, early diagnosis of FMDV is still challenging due to the limited sensitivity and time-consuming manual result entry of commercial on-site tests for salivary samples. Here, we report a near-infrared (NIR) signal nanoprobe-based highly accurate detection and remote monitoring system toward FMDVs, which automates the analysis and reporting of diagnosis data. The NIR signal lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) was assembled with a nanoprobe with a stable emission intensity at 800 nm, minimizing the interference signal of opaque salivary samples. We investigated the clinical applicability of the NIR signal LFA at biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) laboratories using 147 opaque salivary samples. The NIR signal LFA achieved a 32-fold lower limit of detection (LOD) than a commercial LFA in detecting live FMDVs, including all isolates occurring in the Republic of Korea during 2010-2017. Our results showed that the NIR signal LFA successfully discriminated the FMDV-positive clinical salivary samples from healthy controls with a sensitivity of 96.9%, specificity of 100.0%, and AUC (area under the receiver operator characteristic curve) value of 0.999. Finally, we substantiated the real-time collection of diagnostic results using a customized portable NIR reader at nine different laboratories of government-certified quarantine institutions for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoon Ryoo
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sang-Ho Cha
- Foot-and-Mouth Disease Research Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Kayoung Kim
- Department of Fiber Convergence Material Engineering, Dankook University, Gyeonggi-do 16890, Republic of Korea
| | - Joonseok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
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7
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Cavalera S, Colitti B, De Mia GM, Feliziani F, Giudici SD, Angioi PP, D'Errico F, Scalas D, Scollo A, Serra T, Chiarello M, Testa V, Di Nardo F, Baggiani C, Oggiano A, Rosati S, Anfossi L. Development of molecular and antigenic-based rapid tests for the identification of African swine fever virus in different tissues. Talanta 2023; 258:124443. [PMID: 36933298 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a severe haemorrhagic infectious disease affecting suids, thus representing a great economic concern. Considering the importance of the early diagnosis, rapid point of care testing (POCT) for ASF is highly demanded. In this work, we developed two strategies for the rapid onsite diagnosis of ASF, based on Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LFIA) and Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) techniques. The LFIA was a sandwich-type immunoassay exploiting a monoclonal antibody directed towards the p30 protein of the virus (Mab). The Mab was anchored onto the LFIA membrane to capture the ASFV and was also labelled with gold nanoparticles for staining the antibody-p30 complex. However, the use of the same antibody for capturing and as detector ligand showed a significant competitive effect for antigen binding, so required an experimental design to minimize reciprocal interference and maximize the response. The RPA assay, employing primers to the capsid protein p72 gene and an exonuclease III probe, was performed at 39 °C. The limit of detection of the method was assessed using a plasmid encoding the target gene and resulted in 5 copy/μL. The new LFIA and RPA were applied for ASFV detection in the animal tissues usually analysed by conventional assays (i.e., real-time PCR), such as kidney, spleen, and lymph nodes. A simple and universal virus extraction protocol was applied for sample preparation, followed by DNA extraction and purification for the RPA. The LFIA only required the addition of 3% H2O2 to limit matrix interference and prevent false positive results. The two rapid methods (25 min and 15 min were needed to complete the analysis for RPA and LFIA, respectively) showed high diagnostic specificity (100%) and sensitivity (93% and 87% for LFIA and RPA, respectively) for samples with high viral load (Ct < 27). False negative results were observed for samples with low viral load (Ct > 28) and/or also containing specific antibodies to ASFV, which decreased antigen availability and were indicative of a chronic, poorly transmissible infection. The simple and rapid sample preparation and the diagnostic performance of the LFIA suggested its large practical applicability for POC diagnosis of ASF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy.
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy.
| | - Gian Mario De Mia
- National Reference Laboratory for Asfivirus and Pestivirus Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'Umbria e Delle Marche (IZSUM), Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Francesco Feliziani
- National Reference Laboratory for Asfivirus and Pestivirus Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'Umbria e Delle Marche (IZSUM), Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Silvia Dei Giudici
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Angioi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Federica D'Errico
- National Reference Laboratory for Asfivirus and Pestivirus Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell'Umbria e Delle Marche (IZSUM), Perugia, PG, Italy
| | - Daniela Scalas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Annalisa Scollo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Thea Serra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Testa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | | | - Annalisa Oggiano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Della Sardegna, Sassari, SS, Italy
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Turin, TO, Italy
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Seele PP, Dyan B, Skepu A, Maserumule C, Sibuyi NRS. Development of Gold-Nanoparticle-Based Lateral Flow Immunoassays for Rapid Detection of TB ESAT-6 and CFP-10. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:354. [PMID: 36979566 PMCID: PMC10046134 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The current study reports on the development of a rapid and cost-effective TB-antigen diagnostic test for the detection of Mycobacterium biomarkers from non-sputum-based samples. Two gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) in the form of lateral flow immunoassays (LFIAs) were developed for detection of immunodominant TB antigens, the 6 kDa early secreted antigen target EsxA (ESAT-6) and the 10 kDa culture filtrate protein EsxB (CFP-10). AuNPs were synthesized using the Turkevich method and characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometer and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The AuNP-detection probe conjugation conditions were determined by comparing the stability of 14 nm AuNPs at different pH conditions, following salt challenge. Thereafter, ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antibodies were conjugated to the AuNPs and used for the colorimetric detection of TB antigens. Selection of the best detection and capture antibody pairs was determined by Dot spotting. The limits of detection (LODs) for the LFIAs were evaluated by dry testing. TEM results showed that the 14 nm AuNPs were mostly spherical and well dispersed. The ESAT-6 LFIA prototype had an LOD of 0.0625 ng/mL versus the CFP-10 with an LOD of 7.69 ng/mL. Compared to other studies in the literature, the LOD was either similar or lower, outperforming them. Moreover, in some of the previous studies, an enrichment/extraction step was required to improve on the LOD. In this study, the LFIAs produced results within 15 min and could be suitable for use at PoCs either in clinics, mobile clinics, hospitals or at home by the end user. However, further studies need to be conducted to validate their use in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palesa Pamela Seele
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Busiswa Dyan
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Amanda Skepu
- Advanced Chemistry and Life Sciences Division, Next Generation Health Cluster, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Pretoria 0001, South Africa
| | - Charlotte Maserumule
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
| | - Nicole Remaliah Samantha Sibuyi
- Nanotechnology Innovation Centre, Health Platform, Advanced Materials Division, Mintek, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, Johannesburg 2125, South Africa
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9
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Optimization of lateral flow assay for Canine morbillivirus detection and the application of the strip as sample substitute. J Immunol Methods 2023; 514:113438. [PMID: 36738767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2023.113438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Canine distemper is an emerging disease, caused by the Canine morbillivirus (CDV) of the Paramyxoviridae family. The virus has evolved as a multi-host pathogen as it affects many wildlife animal species. The development of specific and sensitive diagnostic tests is the need for a control program. Several diagnostic tests are available for the detection of CDV antigen and antibody. Lateral flow assay (LFA) is the most promising point of care diagnostic test because of its specificity, easy use, and instant result. This study was designed to develop a lateral flow assay using the in-house developed monoclonal antibody (mAb) against the nucleocapsid protein (N) of the 'CDV/dog/bly/Ind/2018' isolate, which represents the circulating strains of India. The two mAbs included in the study showed high binding affinity in indirect ELISA and dot blot assay. Out of two, one mAb was selected due to its comparatively higher binding affinity in LFA format, and less non-specific binding to the biological matrix and buffer components. The limit of detection was found to be 106.5 TCID50/ml with the assay run time of 5 min. The fresh clinical samples collected on the spot were distinctly detected by the LFA, whereas the stored samples with a reduced titre of the virus showed inconsistent results. Moreover, the blood samples showed a clear distinction of positive and negative than the swab and tissue homogenates. The RNA extraction from the strip was successful with the some modifications in the Trizol RNA extraction method and the N and H gene fragments were amplified. Therefore, the study concludes that the LFA is suitable for CDV antigen detection in the field conditions and the strips can be used as the sample substitute for molecular study.
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10
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Zhang Z, Liu X, Yang X, Jiang Y, Li A, Cong J, Li Y, Xie Q, Xu C, Liu D. Identification of faecal extracellular vesicles as novel biomarkers for the non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12300. [PMID: 36604402 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies that is usually detected late in the clinic. The currently available diagnostic tools for CRC are either invasive or insensitive to early lesions due to the dearth of reliable biomarkers. In this study, we discovered that the extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the faeces of CRC patients can act as a potent biomarker for the non-invasive diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. This finding is based on the identification of two transmembrane proteins-CD147 and A33-on faeces-derived EVs (fEVs) that are intrinsically associated with CRC. The detection results show that the levels of CD147 and A33 on fEVs were upregulated in the CRC patients (n = 48), dramatically distinguishing them from the healthy donors (n = 16). The CD147/A33-enriched EVs offer a clinical sensitivity of 89%, much higher than that (40%) of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a clinically-established serum biomarker for CRC diagnosis. In addition, the analysis of longitudinal faeces samples (n = 29) demonstrated that the CD147/A33-enriched fEVs can be utilized to track the prognosis of CRC. Due to the high compliance of faeces-based detection, the CD147/A33-enriched fEVs could serve as new-generation CRC biomarkers for large-scale, non-invasive CRC screening as well as real-time monitoring of patient outcomes during clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuehui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Urology, the 2nd Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiying Cong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuwei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinjian Xie
- Gansu Corps Hospital of CAPF, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin Institute of Coloproctology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dingbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Biosensing, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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11
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Cavalera S, Pezzoni G, Grazioli S, Brocchi E, Baselli S, Lelli D, Colitti B, Serra T, Nardo FD, Chiarello M, Testa V, Rosati S, Baggiani C, Anfossi L. Investigation of the "Antigen Hook Effect" in Lateral Flow Sandwich Immunoassay: The Case of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus Detection. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12090739. [PMID: 36140124 PMCID: PMC9496205 DOI: 10.3390/bios12090739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an infectious disease affecting bovine with severe symptomatology. The implementation of effective control strategies to prevent infection outbreak requires rapid diagnostic tools. Two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), targeting different epitopes of the LSDV structural protein p32, and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used to set up a colorimetric sandwich-type lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA). Combinations including one or two mAbs, used either as the capture or detection reagent, were explored to investigate the hook effect due to antigen saturation by the detector antibody. The mAb-AuNP preparations were optimized by a full-factorial design of experiment to achieve maximum sensitivity. Opposite optimal conditions were selected when one Mab was used for capture and detection instead of two mAbs; thus, two rational routes for developing a highly sensitive LFIA according to Mab availability were outlined. The optimal LFIA for LSDV showed a low limit of detection (103.4 TCID50/mL), high inter- and intra-assay repeatability (CV% < 5.3%), and specificity (no cross-reaction towards 12 other viruses was observed), thus proving to be a good candidate as a useful tool for the point-of-need diagnosis of LSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cavalera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10137 Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Giulia Pezzoni
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, National/OIE/FAO Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Via Antonio Bianchi 7, 25124 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Santina Grazioli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, National/OIE/FAO Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Via Antonio Bianchi 7, 25124 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Emiliana Brocchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, National/OIE/FAO Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Via Antonio Bianchi 7, 25124 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Stefano Baselli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, National/OIE/FAO Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Via Antonio Bianchi 7, 25124 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Davide Lelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia-Romagna, National/OIE/FAO Reference Centre for FMD and SVD, Via Antonio Bianchi 7, 25124 Brescia, BS, Italy
| | - Barbara Colitti
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Thea Serra
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10137 Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Fabio Di Nardo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10137 Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Matteo Chiarello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10137 Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Valentina Testa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10137 Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Sergio Rosati
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Claudio Baggiani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10137 Turin, TO, Italy
| | - Laura Anfossi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10137 Turin, TO, Italy
- Correspondence:
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