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Yazlık MO, Müştak İB, Özkan H, Vural SA, Kaya U, Özöner Ö, Mutluer İ, Altınbaş YF, Soylu MS, Vural MR. The presence of virulence factor genes downregulates uterine AQP3 and alters glutathione peroxidase activity and uterine histopathology in canine pyometra. Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14615. [PMID: 38798181 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Present study was designed to evaluate the role of virulence factor genes (papG, cnf1 and hylA) in the pathogenesis of canine pyometra. Antimicrobial susceptibility test and detection of virulence genes were performed Escherichia coli (E. coli) detected in uterine swab samples. Animals were divided into two groups based on the presence (VF+, n:14) or absence (VF-, n:7) of the virulence factor genes papG, cnf1 and hylA. Blood and tissue glutathione peroxidase activity, uterine histopathologic analysis and AQP3, ESR1, PGR, OXTR gene expressions were determined in both groups. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata version 15.1. All E. coli isolates were susceptible to amikacin, whereas resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and lincomycin. None of the isolates were susceptible to cefotaxime. E. coli isolates had at least one virulence gene. The most prevalent gene was fimH (100%), followed by fyuA (95.8%), usp (83.3%), sfa (75%), cnf1 and hlyA (70.8%) genes. Blood GPx activity was greater in VF+ animals. On the other hand, uterine tissue GPx activity was lower in VF+ group compared to the control group. Expression levels of AQP3 were upregulated more than fivefold in VF-dogs compared to the control group. In addition, AQP3 expression levels were found approximately threefold higher in VF (-) than VF (+) group (p < .05). Varying degree of inflammation noted for all animals with pyometra, but the presence of bacteria noted only in VF+ animals. In conclusion, the presence of virulence factor genes does not play a role in the histopathological degree of inflammation, the presence of bacteria was found to vary. Serum GPx activity increased in VF+ animals. While the hormone receptor expressions were similar, AQP expression was upregulated in the absence of virulence factor genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Onur Yazlık
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İnci Başak Müştak
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Özkan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Sevil Atalay Vural
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Kaya
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey
| | - Özgür Özöner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - İpek Mutluer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yunus Furkan Altınbaş
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Miray Sevde Soylu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
- Ankara University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Rıfat Vural
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Leite DPDSBM, Barbosa IC, da Silva RA, Fernandes PR, Abad ACA, da Silva JG, Mota RA, Porto TS. Occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a Brazilian veterinary hospital environment. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2393-2401. [PMID: 37407882 PMCID: PMC10485224 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01035-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to public health. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus represents a priority for the implementation of preventive measures. The objective was to isolate S. aureus in humans, animals, and animal health care environment, and to characterize the genotypic and phenotypic profile of antimicrobial resistance in these isolates. We isolated S. aureus from staff, animals, and environment of a veterinary hospital, and identified their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Samples were collected from 20 humans, 13 animals, 14 surfaces, 8 mobile phones, and 7 veterinarians' stethoscopes by using sterile swabs. S. aureus was isolated by culturing on mannitol salt agar and preliminary identification was done by Gram staining and catalase test. Subsequently, a polymerase chain reaction was performed for species confirmation and investigating their antimicrobial-resistant genotypic profiles. Phenotypic profiles of resistant isolates were determined using the disk-diffusion technique. Ten S. aureus isolates were recovered from 5/20 humans (25%), it was also recovered from 2/13 animals (15.38%), including 1 dog and 1 cat, and from 1/14 of surfaces (7.14%). The oxacillin-susceptible mecA-positive Staphylococcus aureus phenotype was identified in a feline. Most of the isolates carried at least two resistance genes of different antimicrobial classes, with 90% (9/10) presenting the gene blaZ, with 10% (1/10) presenting the gene mecA, 20% (2/10) presenting tet38, 10% (1/10) presenting tetM, 90% (9/10) presenting norA, 50% (5/10) presenting norC, 10% (1/10) presenting ermA, and 60% (6/10) presenting ermB. In antibiograms, resistance to penicillin was identified in all the isolates, resistance to erythromycin was identified in 80% (8/10), and all the isolate's resistance to erythromycin presented erythromycin-induced resistance to clindamycin. Antimicrobial resistance in the veterinary hospital requires attention due to the risk of interspecies transmission, gene transfer between bacteria that colonize companion animals and humans and, can make antimicrobial therapy difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denny Parente de Sá Barreto Maia Leite
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Iago Carvalho Barbosa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Renato Amorim da Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Atzel Candido Acosta Abad
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - José Givanildo da Silva
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Aparecido Mota
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Tatiana Souza Porto
- Department of Animal Morphology and Physiology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
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Rocha MFG, Paiva DDQ, Amando BR, Melgarejo CMA, Freitas AS, Gomes FIF, Ocadaque CJ, Costa CL, Guedes GMM, Lima-Neto RG, Cordeiro RA, Sidrim JJC, Castelo-Branco DSCM. Antimicrobial susceptibility and production of virulence factors by bacteria recovered from bitches with pyometra. Reprod Domest Anim 2022; 57:1063-1073. [PMID: 35696284 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pyometra is one of the most common diseases in adult female dogs, characterized by a suppurative bacterial infection of the uterus with accumulation of inflammatory exudate and a variety of local and systemic clinical manifestations. This study aimed to identify the bacteria within the uterine content and vaginal canal of bitches with pyometra and evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility and production of virulence factors. Uterine and vaginal content were collected with sterile swabs from 30 bitches diagnosed with pyometra. Bacteria were identified and assessed for their antimicrobial susceptibility and production of virulence factors, including biofilms, siderophores, proteases and hemolysins, both in planktonic and biofilm forms. A total of 82 bacterial isolates (35 uterus, 47 vagina), belonging to 21 species, were identified, with Escherichia coli as the most prevalent species (32/82, 39%). As for susceptibility, 39/79 (49.4%) isolates were resistant to one or more drugs, with resistance proportion among Gram-positive bacteria (87.5%) higher (p < .05) than that observed for Gram-negative bacteria (32.7%). Four coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species were resistant to methicillin. Regarding virulence, the isolates had low production of biofilms, siderophores, proteases and hemolysins, suggesting that the occurrence of pyometra might be more associated with host-related factors than bacterial virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos F G Rocha
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Post-Graduate Program in Medical, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Débora D Q Paiva
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Post-Graduate Program in Medical, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Bruno R Amando
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Post-Graduate Program in Medical, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Carliane M A Melgarejo
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Post-Graduate Program in Medical, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Alyne S Freitas
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Post-Graduate Program in Medical, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Francisco I F Gomes
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Post-Graduate Program in Medical, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Crister J Ocadaque
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Post-Graduate Program in Medical, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Cecília L Costa
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Post-Graduate Program in Medical, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Glaucia M M Guedes
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Post-Graduate Program in Medical, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Reginaldo G Lima-Neto
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Rossana A Cordeiro
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Post-Graduate Program in Medical, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - José J C Sidrim
- Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Post-Graduate Program in Medical, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Débora S C M Castelo-Branco
- Group of Applied Medical Microbiology, Post-Graduate Program in Medical, Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Canine Staphylococcus spp. Isolates. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030515. [PMID: 33801518 PMCID: PMC7998746 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dogs are reservoirs of different Staphylococcus species, but at the same time, they could develop several clinical forms caused by these bacteria. The aim of the present investigation was to characterize 50 clinical Staphylococcus isolates cultured from sick dogs. Bacterial species determination, hemolysins, protease, lipase, gelatinase, slime, and biofilm production, presence of virulence genes (lukS/F-PV, eta, etb, tsst, icaA, and icaD), methicillin resistance, and antimicrobial resistance were investigated. Most isolates (52%) were Staphylococcus pseudointermedius, but 20% and 8% belonged to Staphylococcusxylosus and Staphylococcus chromogenes, respectively. Gelatinase, biofilm, and slime production were very common characters among the investigated strains with 80%, 86%, and 76% positive isolates, respectively. Virulence genes were detected in a very small number of the tested strains. A percentage of 14% of isolates were mecA-positive and phenotypically-resistant to methicillin. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 76% of tested staphylococci; in particular, high levels of resistance were detected for ampicillin, amoxicillin, clindamycin, and erythromycin. In conclusion, although staphylococci are considered to be opportunistic bacteria, the obtained data showed that dogs may be infected by Staphylococcus strains with important virulence characteristics and a high antimicrobial resistance.
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