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Butnariu LI, Bizim DA, Păduraru G, Păduraru L, Moisă ȘM, Popa S, Gimiga N, Ghiga G, Bădescu MC, Lupu A, Vasiliu I, Trandafir LM. Congenital Hyperinsulinism Caused by Mutations in ABCC8 Gene Associated with Early-Onset Neonatal Hypoglycemia: Genetic Heterogeneity Correlated with Phenotypic Variability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5533. [PMID: 38791571 PMCID: PMC11122115 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a rare disorder of glucose metabolism and is the most common cause of severe and persistent hypoglycemia (hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, HH) in the neonatal period and childhood. Most cases are caused by mutations in the ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes that encode the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP). We present the correlation between genetic heterogeneity and the variable phenotype in patients with early-onset HH caused by ABCC8 gene mutations. In the first patient, who presented persistent severe hypoglycemia since the first day of life, molecular genetic testing revealed the presence of a homozygous mutation in the ABCC8 gene [deletion in the ABCC8 gene c.(2390+1_2391-1)_(3329+1_3330-1)del] that correlated with a diffuse form of hyperinsulinism (the parents being healthy heterozygous carriers). In the second patient, the onset was on the third day of life with severe hypoglycemia, and genetic testing identified a heterozygous mutation in the ABCC8 gene c.1792C>T (p.Arg598*) inherited on the paternal line, which led to the diagnosis of the focal form of hyperinsulinism. To locate the focal lesions, (18)F-DOPA (3,4-dihydroxy-6-[18F]fluoro-L-phenylalanine) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) was recommended (an investigation that cannot be carried out in the country), but the parents refused to carry out the investigation abroad. In this case, early surgical treatment could have been curative. In addition, the second child also presented secondary adrenal insufficiency requiring replacement therapy. At the same time, she developed early recurrent seizures that required antiepileptic treatment. We emphasize the importance of molecular genetic testing for diagnosis, management and genetic counseling in patients with HH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lăcrămioara Ionela Butnariu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Delia Andreia Bizim
- Departament of Diabetes, Saint Mary’s Emergency Children Hospital, 700309 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Păduraru
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.P.); (Ș.M.M.); (N.G.); (G.G.); (A.L.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Luminița Păduraru
- Department of Mother and Child, Division Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ștefana Maria Moisă
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.P.); (Ș.M.M.); (N.G.); (G.G.); (A.L.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Setalia Popa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Nicoleta Gimiga
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.P.); (Ș.M.M.); (N.G.); (G.G.); (A.L.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Gabriela Ghiga
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.P.); (Ș.M.M.); (N.G.); (G.G.); (A.L.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Minerva Codruța Bădescu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 University Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ancuta Lupu
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.P.); (Ș.M.M.); (N.G.); (G.G.); (A.L.); (L.M.T.)
| | - Ioana Vasiliu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences II, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.P.); (Ș.M.M.); (N.G.); (G.G.); (A.L.); (L.M.T.)
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Potential Applications of Gliclazide in Treating Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Formulation with Bile Acids and Probiotics. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2018; 43:269-280. [PMID: 29039071 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-017-0441-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A major advancement in therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the discovery of new treatment which avoids and even replaces the absolute requirement for injected insulin. The need for multiple drug therapy of comorbidities associated with T1DM increases demand for developing novel therapeutic alternatives with new mechanisms of actions. Compared to other sulphonylurea drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, gliclazide exhibits a pleiotropic action outside pancreatic β cells, the so-called extrapancreatic effects, such as antiinflammatory and cellular protective effects, which might be beneficial in the treatment of T1DM. Results from in vivo experiments confirmed the positive effects of gliclazide in T1DM that are even more pronounced when combined with other hypoglycaemic agents such as probiotics and bile acids. Even though the exact mechanism of interaction at the molecular level is still unknown, there is a clear synergistic effect between gliclazide, bile acids and probiotics illustrated by the reduction of blood glucose levels and improvement of diabetic complications. Therefore, the manipulation of bile acid pool and intestinal microbiota composition in combination with old drug gliclazide could be a novel therapeutic approach for patients with T1DM.
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Remedi MS, Thomas M, Nichols CG, Marshall BA. Sulfonylurea challenge test in subjects diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Diabetes 2017; 18:777-784. [PMID: 28111849 PMCID: PMC5522783 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with early onset diabetes because of defects in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) may respond better to sulfonylureas than insulin treatment. Such patients include those with monogenic disorders, who can be differentiated from autoimmune type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) by genetic testing. Genetic testing is expensive and unknown defects in GSIS would not be diagnosed. AIMS We propose a sulfonylurea challenge test to identify patients who have been clinically diagnosed with T1DM, but those who maintain a preferentially sulfonylurea-responsive insulin secretion. MATERIALS & METHODS A total of 3 healthy controls, 2 neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) subjects, 3 antibody-positive (Ab+T1DM), and 12 antibody-negative (Ab-T1DM) subjects with type 1 diabetes, were given an intravenous bolus of glucose followed by an oral dose of glipizide. RESULTS Healthy controls showed a robust C-peptide increase after both glucose and glipizide, but NDM subjects showed a large increase in C-peptide only following glipizide. As expected, 2 of 3 Ab+T1DM, as well as 11 of 12 Ab-T1DM showed no response to either glucose or glipizide. However, 1 Ab-T1DM and 1 Ab+T1DM showed a small C-peptide response to glucose and a marked positive response to glipizide, suggesting defects in GSIS rather than typical autoimmune diabetes. DISCUSSION These data demonstrate the feasibility of the sulfonylurea challenge test, and suggest that responder individuals may be identified. CONCLUSIONS We propose that this sulfonylurea challenge test should be explored more extensively, as it may prove useful as a clinical and scientific tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Remedi
- Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO,Department of Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Mareen Thomas
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Colin G. Nichols
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO,Department of Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bess A. Marshall
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO,Department of Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO,Correspondence should be addressed to: Bess A. Marshall. One Children’s Place, Box 8116, St. Louis, MO, 63110. Phone: (314) 454-6051, Fax: (314) 454-6225.
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Jha RM, Puccio AM, Okonkwo DO, Zusman BE, Park SY, Wallisch J, Empey PE, Shutter LA, Clark RSB, Kochanek PM, Conley YP. ABCC8 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms are Associated with Cerebral Edema in Severe TBI. Neurocrit Care 2017; 26:213-224. [PMID: 27677908 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-016-0309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cerebral edema (CE) in traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the consequence of multiple underlying mechanisms and is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Genetic variability in these pathways likely explains some of the clinical heterogeneity observed in edema development. A role for sulfonylurea receptor-1 (Sur1) in CE is supported. However, there are no prior studies examining the effect of genetic variability in the Sur1 gene (ABCC8) on the development of CE. We hypothesize that ABCC8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are predictive of CE. METHODS DNA was extracted from 385 patients. SNPs in ABCC8 were genotyped using the Human Core Exome v1.2 (Illumina). CE measurements included acute CT edema, mean and peak intracranial pressure (ICP), and need for decompressive craniotomy. RESULTS Fourteen SNPs with minor allele frequency >0.2 were identified. Four SNPS rs2283261, rs3819521, rs2283258, and rs1799857 were associated with CE measures. In multiple regression models, homozygote-variant genotypes in rs2283261, rs3819521, and rs2283258 had increased odds of CT edema (OR 2.45, p = 0.007; OR 2.95, p = 0.025; OR 3.00, p = 0.013), had higher mean (β = 3.13, p = 0.000; β = 2.95, p = 0.005; β = 3.20, p = 0.008), and peak ICP (β = 8.00, p = 0.001; β = 7.64, p = 0.007; β = 6.89, p = 0.034). The homozygote wild-type genotype of rs1799857 had decreased odds of decompressive craniotomy (OR 0.47, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS This is the first report assessing the impact of ABCC8 genetic variability on CE development in TBI. Minor allele ABCC8 SNP genotypes had increased risk of CE, while major SNP alleles were protective-potentially suggesting an evolutionary advantage. These findings could guide risk stratification, treatment responders, and the development of novel targeted or gene-based therapies against CE in TBI and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchira M Jha
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA. .,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Ava M Puccio
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David O Okonkwo
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Benjamin E Zusman
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Seo-Young Park
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jessica Wallisch
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Philip E Empey
- Department of Pharmacy and Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Lori A Shutter
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Robert S B Clark
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patrick M Kochanek
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.,Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Raphemot R, Rouhier MF, Swale DR, Days E, Weaver CD, Lovell KM, Konkel LC, Engers DW, Bollinger SF, Hopkins C, Piermarini PM, Denton JS. Discovery and characterization of a potent and selective inhibitor of Aedes aegypti inward rectifier potassium channels. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110772. [PMID: 25375326 PMCID: PMC4222822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases such as dengue fever and malaria, which are transmitted by infected female mosquitoes, affect nearly half of the world's population. The emergence of insecticide-resistant mosquito populations is reducing the effectiveness of conventional insecticides and threatening current vector control strategies, which has created an urgent need to identify new molecular targets against which novel classes of insecticides can be developed. We previously demonstrated that small molecule inhibitors of mammalian Kir channels represent promising chemicals for new mosquitocide development. In this study, high-throughput screening of approximately 30,000 chemically diverse small-molecules was employed to discover potent and selective inhibitors of Aedes aegypti Kir1 (AeKir1) channels heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells. Of 283 confirmed screening ‘hits’, the small-molecule inhibitor VU625 was selected for lead optimization and in vivo studies based on its potency and selectivity toward AeKir1, and tractability for medicinal chemistry. In patch clamp electrophysiology experiments of HEK293 cells, VU625 inhibits AeKir1 with an IC50 value of 96.8 nM, making VU625 the most potent inhibitor of AeKir1 described to date. Furthermore, electrophysiology experiments in Xenopus oocytes revealed that VU625 is a weak inhibitor of AeKir2B. Surprisingly, injection of VU625 failed to elicit significant effects on mosquito behavior, urine excretion, or survival. However, when co-injected with probenecid, VU625 inhibited the excretory capacity of mosquitoes and was toxic, suggesting that the compound is a substrate of organic anion and/or ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The dose-toxicity relationship of VU625 (when co-injected with probenecid) is biphasic, which is consistent with the molecule inhibiting both AeKir1 and AeKir2B with different potencies. This study demonstrates proof-of-concept that potent and highly selective inhibitors of mosquito Kir channels can be developed using conventional drug discovery approaches. Furthermore, it reinforces the notion that the physical and chemical properties that determine a compound's bioavailability in vivo will be critical in determining the efficacy of Kir channel inhibitors as insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Raphemot
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Matthew F. Rouhier
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Swale
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Emily Days
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - C. David Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
| | - Kimberly M. Lovell
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, United States of America
| | - Leah C. Konkel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, United States of America
| | - Darren W. Engers
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, United States of America
| | - Sean F. Bollinger
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, United States of America
| | - Corey Hopkins
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville TN, United States of America
| | - Peter M. Piermarini
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PMP); (JSD)
| | - Jerod S. Denton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PMP); (JSD)
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Raphemot R, Estévez-Lao TY, Rouhier MF, Piermarini PM, Denton JS, Hillyer JF. Molecular and functional characterization of Anopheles gambiae inward rectifier potassium (Kir1) channels: a novel role in egg production. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 51:10-9. [PMID: 24855023 PMCID: PMC4121989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/10/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Inward rectifier potassium (Kir) channels play essential roles in regulating diverse physiological processes. Although Kir channels are encoded in mosquito genomes, their functions remain largely unknown. In this study, we identified the members of the Anopheles gambiae Kir gene family and began to investigate their function. Notably, we sequenced the A. gambiae Kir1 (AgKir1) gene and showed that it encodes all the canonical features of a Kir channel: an ion pore that is composed of a pore helix and a selectivity filter, two transmembrane domains that flank the ion pore, and the so-called G-loop. Heterologous expression of AgKir1 in Xenopus oocytes revealed that this gene encodes a functional, barium-sensitive Kir channel. Quantitative RT-PCR experiments then showed that relative AgKir1 mRNA levels are highest in the pupal stage, and that AgKir1 mRNA is enriched in the adult ovaries. Gene silencing of AgKir1 by RNA interference did not affect the survival of female mosquitoes following a blood meal, but decreased their egg output. These data provide evidence for a new role of Kir channels in mosquito fecundity, and further validates them as promising molecular targets for the development of a new class of mosquitocides to be used in vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Raphemot
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Tania Y Estévez-Lao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew F Rouhier
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Peter M Piermarini
- Department of Entomology, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Jerod S Denton
- Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
| | - Julián F Hillyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Raphemot R, Swale DR, Dadi PK, Jacobson DA, Cooper P, Wojtovich AP, Banerjee S, Nichols CG, Denton JS. Direct activation of β-cell KATP channels with a novel xanthine derivative. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 85:858-65. [PMID: 24646456 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.091884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ATP-regulated potassium (KATP) channel complexes of inward rectifier potassium channel (Kir) 6.2 and sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) 1 critically regulate pancreatic islet β-cell membrane potential, calcium influx, and insulin secretion, and consequently, represent important drug targets for metabolic disorders of glucose homeostasis. The KATP channel opener diazoxide is used clinically to treat intractable hypoglycemia caused by excessive insulin secretion, but its use is limited by off-target effects due to lack of potency and selectivity. Some progress has been made in developing improved Kir6.2/SUR1 agonists from existing chemical scaffolds and compound screening, but there are surprisingly few distinct chemotypes that are specific for SUR1-containing KATP channels. Here we report the serendipitous discovery in a high-throughput screen of a novel activator of Kir6.2/SUR1: VU0071063 [7-(4-(tert-butyl)benzyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione]. The xanthine derivative rapidly and dose-dependently activates Kir6.2/SUR1 with a half-effective concentration (EC50) of approximately 7 μM, is more efficacious than diazoxide at low micromolar concentrations, directly activates the channel in excised membrane patches, and is selective for SUR1- over SUR2A-containing Kir6.1 or Kir6.2 channels, as well as Kir2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, Kir3.1/3.2, and voltage-gated potassium channel 2.1. Finally, we show that VU0071063 activates native Kir6.2/SUR1 channels, thereby inhibiting glucose-stimulated calcium entry in isolated mouse pancreatic β cells. VU0071063 represents a novel tool/compound for investigating β-cell physiology, KATP channel gating, and a new chemical scaffold for developing improved activators with medicinal chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rene Raphemot
- Departments of Anesthesiology (R.R., D.R.S., S.B., J.S.D.), Pharmacology (R.R., J.S.D.), and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (P.K.D., D.A.J.) and Institutes of Chemical Biology (J.S.D.) and Global Health (J.S.D.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York (A.P.W.); and Department of Cell Biology and Physiology (P.C., C.G.N.) and Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Disorders (P.C., C.G.N.), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Foureaux RDC, Messora MR, de Oliveira LFF, Napimoga MH, Pereira ANJ, Ferreira MS, Pereira LJ. Effects of probiotic therapy on metabolic and inflammatory parameters of rats with ligature-induced periodontitis associated with restraint stress. J Periodontol 2013; 85:975-83. [PMID: 24171503 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2013.130356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study evaluates the effects of probiotic therapy (PT) in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis associated with restraint stress. METHODS Sixty-four rats were divided into control, stress (STR), probiotic (PROB), periodontal disease (PD), STR-PROB, STR-PD, STR-PROB-PD, and PROB-PD groups. The probiotic was added to the drinking water for 44 days. PD was induced by a ligature. In STR groups, the animals were subjected to restraint stress for 2.5 hours per day for 30 days. RESULTS Rats with PD exhibited increased alveolar bone loss (P <0.05), as well as increased levels of cyclooxygenase-2, serum C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38), and receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand and decreased levels of osteoprotegerin (OPG). Stressed rats presented high levels of C-peptide, corticosterone, and glucose (P <0.05). In general, the presence of stress reduced the expression of CTX and p38 (P <0.05). PT reduced alveolar bone loss in unstressed animals. It also decreased expression of CTX and induced increased expression of OPG in unstressed animals with PD. However, PT was not effective in preventing bone loss or altering the expression of inflammatory markers in stressed animals. PT decreased the number of inflammatory cells in the periodontal tissue (P <0.05). Groups with stress and PD showed decreased villous height and crypt depth. Stress seemed to prevent part of the probiotic beneficial effects on the small intestine. CONCLUSIONS Based on the methodology used, PT may reduce tissue breakdown resulting from PD in unstressed rats. The protocol used for restraint stress influenced the immunomodulatory effects of PT in intestinal and periodontal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata de C Foureaux
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, MG, Brazil
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Zaydman MA, Silva JR, Cui J. Ion channel associated diseases: overview of molecular mechanisms. Chem Rev 2012; 112:6319-33. [PMID: 23151230 DOI: 10.1021/cr300360k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Zaydman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
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