1
|
Mittersteiner M, Farias FFS, Bonacorso HG, Martins MAP, Zanatta N. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives: A review. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2021; 79:105683. [PMID: 34562732 PMCID: PMC8473776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The pyrimidine scaffold is present in many bioactive drugs; therefore, efficient synthetic routes that provide shorter reaction times, higher yields, and site-selective reactions are constantly being sought. Ultrasound (US) irradiation has emerged as an alternative energy source in the synthesis of these heterocyclic scaffolds, and over the last ten years there has been a significant increase in the number of publications mentioning US in either the construction or derivatization of the pyrimidine core. This review presents a detailed summary (with 140 references) of the effects of US (synergic or not) on the construction and derivatization of the pyrimidine core through classical reactions (e.g., multicomponent, cyclocondensation, cycloaddition, and alkylation reactions). The main points that were taken into consideration are as follows: chemo- and regioselectivity issues, and the results of conventional heating methods compared to US and mechanistic insights that are also presented and discussed for key reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateus Mittersteiner
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Fellipe F S Farias
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Helio G Bonacorso
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Marcos A P Martins
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Nilo Zanatta
- Núcleo de Química de Heterociclos (NUQUIMHE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
dos Anjos JV, Srivastava RM, Costa-Silva JH, Scotti L, Scotti MT, Wanderley AG, Leite ES, de Melo SJ, Mendonça Junior FJB. Comparative computational studies of 3,4-dihydro-2,6-diaryl-4-oxo-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives as potential antinociceptive agents. Molecules 2012; 17:809-19. [PMID: 22249410 PMCID: PMC6268915 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the antinociceptive properties of 3,4-dihydro-2,6-diaryl-4-oxo-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives 5a–i at doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg were evaluated in mice, using the abdominal constriction test. Molecular modeling studies were also performed using density functional theory calculations. These data provided information about the electrostatic and ionization potentials and were used to compare the antinociceptive activity of the title compounds. The most active compounds were 3,4-dihydro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (5b) and 3,4-dihydro-2,6-diphenyl-4-oxo-pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile (5i), which inhibited the number of abdominal constrictions, at 50 mg/kg dose, in 88.6% and 88% of the sample, respectively. A preliminary SAR study demonstrated that halogen replacement in the phenyl rings of the compounds under study reduces the antinociceptive activity. DFT calculations showed that there is a high correlation between the ionization potentials and the analgesic properties of the compounds. It was found that compounds with a positive ionization potential (compounds 5b and 5i) were found to be the best analgesic drugs in this series.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janaína V. dos Anjos
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-540, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Rajendra M. Srivastava
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50740-540, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - João H. Costa-Silva
- Núcleo de Educação Física e Ciências do Esporte, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 55608-680, Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus I, 50740-540, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
| | - Marcus T. Scotti
- Departamento de Engenharia e Meio Ambiente, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus IV, 58297-000, Rio Tinto, PB, Brazil
| | - Almir G. Wanderley
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Elisa Soares Leite
- Departamento de Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Sebastião J. de Melo
- Departamento de Antibióticos, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Francisco J. B. Mendonça Junior
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, Campus V, 58058-420, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +55-81-8771-1425; Fax: +55-83-3223-1128
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pierce LT, Cahill MM, McCarthy FO. Design and synthesis of novel 5,6-bisindolylpyrimidin-4-ones structurally related to ruboxistaurin (LY333531). Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
4
|
Chapter 6.2 (2006) Six-membered ring systems: diazines and benzo derivatives (2006). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-6380(08)80016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
|