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Harabajiu C, Hann JL, Murfin LC, Kociok-Köhn G, Lewis SE. Persistent azulene α-carbocations: synthesis from aldehydes, spectroscopic and crystallographic properties. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:858-866. [PMID: 36602170 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01695h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The non-benzenoid aromatic system azulene is sufficiently nucleophilic at C1 that it can react with a protonated aldehyde to form an α-azulenyl alcohol. This in turn may be protonated and undergo loss of water to give an azulene α-carbocation. We report the isolation of such azulenyl cations as salts with non-coordinating anions. The salts have been characterised by NMR, UV/Vis absorption and (in certain cases) X-ray crystallography. Reduction of representative salts to afford azulenyl(aryl) methylenes has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jodie L Hann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Lloyd C Murfin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Gabriele Kociok-Köhn
- Material and Chemical Characterisation Facility (MC2), University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Simon E Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Takekuma SI, Seki A, Minematsu T. A Facile Preparation, Characteristic Properties, and Crystal Structure of {4-[( E)-2-(3-Guaiazulenyl)diazenyl]phenyl}(3-guaiazulenyl)methylium Hexafluorophosphate. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Takekuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Atsuki Seki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
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Takekuma SI, Kobayashi N, Minematsu T, Takekuma H. Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Spectroscopic, Chemical, and Electrochemical Properties of (2 E,4 E)-1-(3-Guaiazulenyl)-4-(2-thienyl)-1,3-butadiene. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2013. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Takekuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | - Norihito Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
| | | | - Hideko Takekuma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kinki University
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Rajappa S, Gumaste VK. Reactivity of Thiophenes, Oligothiophenes and Benzothiophenes. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-404598-9.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Takekuma SI, Yamamoto M, Nakagawa A, Iwata T, Minematsu T, Takekuma H. Preparation, crystal structure, and spectroscopic, chemical, and electrochemical properties of (2E,4E)-1,4-di(3-guaiazulenyl)-1,3-butadiene compared with those of (E)-1,2-di(3-guaiazulenyl)ethylene. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Preparation, molecular structures, and characteristic properties of (E)-1-(2-furyl)- and (E)-1-(2-thienyl)-2-(3-guaiazulenyl)ethylenes and (E)-1-(3-furyl)- and (E)-1-(3-thienyl)-2-(3-guaiazulenyl)ethylenes. Tetrahedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2012.05.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dragu EA, Nica S, Raicopol M, Baran A, Anghel DF, Cojocaru B, Tarko L, Razus AC. Synthesis, solid-state photophysical properties and electropolymerization of novel diazulenyl ethenes. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.03.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Takekuma SI, Miyamoto I, Hamasaki A, Minematsu T. A facile preparation, spectroscopic and chemical properties, crystal structures, and electrochemical behavior of monocarbenium ion compounds stabilized by 3-guaiazulenyl and dihydroxyphenyl (or hydroxymethoxyphenyl) groups. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.09.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Takekuma SI, Kaibara M, Minematsu T, Takekuma H. Reaction of azulene with 1,2-bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-1,2-ethanediol in a mixed solvent of methanol and acetonitrile in the presence of hydrochloric acid: a facile one-pot synthesis and properties of new triarylethylenes possessing an azulen-1-yl group. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Takekuma SI, Matsuoka H, Ogawa S, Shibasaki Y, Minematsu T. Preparation, Crystal Structures, and Spectroscopic and Chemical Properties of 2,4,6-Trifluorophenyl- or 4-(Methoxycarbonyl)phenyl-Substituted (E)-1-(3-Guaiazulenyl)ethylene and (2E,4E)-1-(3-Guaiazulenyl)-1,3-butadiene Derivatives. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2010. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Takekuma SI, Matsuoka H, Minematsu T, Takekuma H. Preparation, crystal structure, and spectroscopic, chemical, and electrochemical properties of (2E,4E)-4-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-1-(3-guaiazulenyl)-1,3-butadiene compared with those of (E)-2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]-1-(3-guaiazulenyl)ethylene. Tetrahedron 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Takekuma SI, Fukuda K, Minematsu T, Takekuma H. Preparation and Structures of New Azobenzene Derivatives with a 3-Guaiazulenylvinyl Group. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.1398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Takekuma SI, Fukuda K, Kawase Y, Minematsu T, Takekuma H. Preparation, Structures, and Properties of New Monocarbenium Ion Compounds Stabilized by a 3-Guaiazulenyl Group and an Azobenzene Unit: Comparative Studies on Three Delocalized π-Electron Systems. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Takekuma SI, Ijibata N, Minematsu T, Takekuma H. A Facile Preparation of (4-Aminophenyl)(3-guaiazulenyl)methylium Hexafluorophosphate: Comparative Studies on Spectroscopic, Chemical, and Electrochemical Properties of Monocarbenium Ion andp-Benzoquinodimethane Monoiminium Ion Compounds. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Takekuma SI, Hori S, Minematsu T, Takekuma H. Preparation, Crystal Structures, and Properties of New Conjugated π-Electron Systems with 3-Guaiazulenyl and 4-(Dimethylamino)phenyl Groups. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2008. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.81.1472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Abstract
This review covers the isolation, structural determination, synthesis and chemical and microbiological transformations of natural sesquiterpenoids. 423 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio M Fraga
- Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, 38206, La Laguna, Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain.
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Takekuma SI, Sonoda K, Minematsu T, Takekuma H. An efficient preparation and spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of quinodimethane derivatives with four 3-(methoxycarbonyl)azulen-1-yl groups. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Takekuma SI, Tamura M, Minematsu T, Takekuma H. An efficient preparation, crystal structures, and properties of monocarbenium-ion compounds stabilized by 3-guaiazulenyl and anisyl groups. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Reactions of azulene and guaiazulene with all-trans-retinal and trans-cinnamaldehyde: comparative studies on spectroscopic, chemical, and electrochemical properties of monocarbenium-ions stabilized by expanded π-electron systems with an azulenyl or 3-guaiazulenyl group. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2007.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Takekuma SI, Sonoda K, Fukuhara C, Minematsu T. Reaction of guaiazulene with o-formylbenzoic acid in diethyl ether (or methanol) in the presence of hexafluorophosphoric acid: comparative studies on 1H and 13C NMR spectral properties of 3-guaiazulenylmethylium- and 3-guaiazulenium-ion structures. Tetrahedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2006.12.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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