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Emadi R, Bahrami Nekoo A, Molaverdi F, Khorsandi Z, Sheibani R, Sadeghi-Aliabadi H. Applications of palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions in pharmaceutical compounds. RSC Adv 2023; 13:18715-18733. [PMID: 37346956 PMCID: PMC10280806 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07412e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
C-N cross-coupling bond formation reactions have become valuable approaches to synthesizing anilines and their derivatives, known as important chemical compounds. Recent developments in this field have focused on versatile catalysts, simple operation methods, and green reaction conditions. This review article presents an overview of C-N cross-coupling reactions in pharmaceutical compound synthesis reports. Selected examples of N-arylation reactions of various nitrogen-based compounds and aryl halides are defined for preparing pharmaceutical molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Emadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry & Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Abbas Bahrami Nekoo
- Nanoalvand Pharmaceutical Company, Department of Quality Control, Unit of Raw Materials Simindasht Alborz Iran
| | - Fatemeh Molaverdi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, Tehran University Tehran Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Zahra Khorsandi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 81746-73461 Iran
| | - Reza Sheibani
- Amirkabir University of Technology-Mahshahr Campus University St., Nahiyeh san'ati Mahshahr Khouzestan Iran
| | - Hojjat Sadeghi-Aliabadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Isfahan 81746-73461 Iran
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2
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Meanwell NA, Loiseleur O. Applications of Isosteres of Piperazine in the Design of Biologically Active Compounds: Part 1. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:10942-10971. [PMID: 35675050 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Piperazine and homopiperazine are well-studied heterocycles in drug design that have found gainful application as scaffolds and terminal elements and for enhancing the aqueous solubility of a molecule. The optimization of drug candidates that incorporate these heterocycles in an effort to refine potency, selectivity, and developability properties has stimulated the design and evaluation of a wide range of bioisosteres that can offer advantage. In this review, we summarize the design and application of bioisosteres of piperazine and homopiperazine that have almost exclusively been in the drug design arena. While there are ∼100 approved drugs that incorporate a piperazine ring, only a single marketed agricultural product is built on this heterocycle. As part of the review, we discuss some of the potential reasons underlying the relatively low level of importance of this heterocycle to the design of agrochemicals and highlight the potential opportunities for their use in contemporary research programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Meanwell
- Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Early Development, PO Box 4000, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, United States
| | - Olivier Loiseleur
- Syngenta Crop Protection Research, Schaffhauserstrasse, Stein CH-4332, Switzerland
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3
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Argüello‐Velasco RO, Sánchez‐Muñoz GK, Viveros‐Ceballos JL, Ordóñez M, Kafarski P. A Straightforward Synthesis of Six‐Membered‐Ring Heterocyclic α‐Aminophosphonic Acids from
N
‐Acyliminium Ions. J Heterocycl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Oswaldo Argüello‐Velasco
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas‐IICBAUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Avenue Universidad 1001 62209 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
| | - Grecia Katherine Sánchez‐Muñoz
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas‐IICBAUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Avenue Universidad 1001 62209 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
| | - José Luis Viveros‐Ceballos
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas‐IICBAUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Avenue Universidad 1001 62209 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
| | - Mario Ordóñez
- Centro de Investigaciones Químicas‐IICBAUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos Avenue Universidad 1001 62209 Cuernavaca Morelos Mexico
| | - Pawel Kafarski
- Department of Bioorganic ChemistryWroclaw University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50‐370 Wrocław Poland
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Verderosa AD, Dhouib R, Fairfull-Smith KE, Totsika M. Profluorescent Fluoroquinolone-Nitroxides for Investigating Antibiotic⁻Bacterial Interactions. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8010019. [PMID: 30836686 PMCID: PMC6466543 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Fluorescent probes are widely used for imaging and measuring dynamic processes in living cells. Fluorescent antibiotics are valuable tools for examining antibiotic⁻bacterial interactions, antimicrobial resistance and elucidating antibiotic modes of action. Profluorescent nitroxides are 'switch on' fluorescent probes used to visualize and monitor intracellular free radical and redox processes in biological systems. Here, we have combined the inherent fluorescent and antimicrobial properties of the fluoroquinolone core structure with the fluorescence suppression capabilities of a nitroxide to produce the first example of a profluorescent fluoroquinolone-nitroxide probe. Fluoroquinolone-nitroxide (FN) 14 exhibited significant suppression of fluorescence (>36-fold), which could be restored via radical trapping (fluoroquinolone-methoxyamine 17) or reduction to the corresponding hydroxylamine 20. Importantly, FN 14 was able to enter both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial cells, emitted a measurable fluorescence signal upon cell entry (switch on), and retained antibacterial activity. In conclusion, profluorescent nitroxide antibiotics offer a new powerful tool for visualizing antibiotic⁻bacterial interactions and researching intracellular chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Verderosa
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Rabeb Dhouib
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Kathryn E Fairfull-Smith
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia.
| | - Makrina Totsika
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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5
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Ye F, Wang C, Ma P, Zhao LX, Gao S, Fu Y. Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Biological Activity of NovelN-substituted Diazabicyclo Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ma
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science; Northeast Agricultural University; Harbin 150030 People's Republic of China
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6
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Ye F, Li JJ, Xu ZZ, Fu Y. Crystal structure of 2-(8a-methyl-5-oxo-hexahydroimidazo [1,2- a]pyridin-1(5 H)-yl)-2-oxoethyl acetate, C 12H 18N 2O 4. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2017-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
C12H18N2O4, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 7.1591(14) Å, b = 10.236(2) Å, c = 16.713(3) Å, V = 1224.7(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0333, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0810, T = 293(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ye
- College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, 150030 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan-Juan Li
- College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, 150030 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Zheng Xu
- College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, 150030 , People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Fu
- College of Science, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, 150030 , People’s Republic of China
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Abstract
A powerful pH-free multicomponent NMR titration method can measure relative acidities, even of closely related compounds, with excellent accuracy. The history of the method is presented, along with details of its implementation and a comparison with earlier NMR titrations using a pH electrode. Many of its areas of applicability are described, especially equilibrium isotope effects. The advantages of the method, some practical considerations, and potential pitfalls are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Perrin
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
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Topological pattern for the search of new active drugs against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 138:807-815. [PMID: 28734246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular topology was used to develop a mathematical model capable of classifying compounds according to antimicrobial activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Topological indices were used as structural descriptors and their relation to antimicrobial activity was determined by using linear discriminant analysis. This topological model establishes new structure activity relationships which show that the presence of cyclopropyl, chlorine and ramification pairs at a distance of two bonds favor this activity, while the presence of tertiary amines decreases it. This model was applied to a combinatorial library of a thousand and one 6-fluoroquinolones, from which 117 theoretical active molecules were obtained. The compound 10 and five new quinolones were tested against MRSA. They all showed some activity against MRSA, although compounds 6, 8 and 9 showed anti-MRSA activity similar to ciprofloxacin. This model was also applied to 263 theoretical antibacterial agents described by us in a previous work, from which 34 were predicted as theoretically active. Anti-MRSA activity was found bibliographically in 9 of them (ensuring at least 26% of success), and from the rest, 3 compounds were randomly chosen and tested, finding mitomycin C to be more active than ciprofloxacin. The results demonstrate the utility of the molecular topology approaches for identifying new drugs active against MRSA.
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Lee H, Choi E, Noh TH, Jung OS. Recyclable scavengers for photo-cyclopropanation via an in situ crystallization process. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:18476-18483. [PMID: 27722684 DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02604d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The palladium(ii) cyclophane systems, constructed by previously reported proof-of-concept self-assembly, represent a crucial landmark in the field of effective and recyclable scavenging of triiodide (I3-) in the photo-cyclopropanation of alkenes with CH2I2. The scavenger's driving force behind photo-cyclopropanation is the efficient in situ crystallization of triiodide-exchanged species. The exact quantitative photoreaction yields according to the mole ratios of the cyclophane system are impressive. The recycling behavior can be ascribed to the rigidity and stability of the four-layered tripalladium(ii)cyclophane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeri Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Eunkyung Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Tae Hwan Noh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Ok-Sang Jung
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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10
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Abstract
![]()
Pd-catalyzed
cross-coupling reactions that form C–N bonds
have become useful methods to synthesize anilines and aniline derivatives,
an important class of compounds throughout chemical research. A key
factor in the widespread adoption of these methods has been the continued
development of reliable and versatile catalysts that function under
operationally simple, user-friendly conditions. This review provides
an overview of Pd-catalyzed N-arylation reactions found in both basic
and applied chemical research from 2008 to the present. Selected examples
of C–N cross-coupling reactions between nine classes of nitrogen-based
coupling partners and (pseudo)aryl halides are described for the synthesis
of heterocycles, medicinally relevant compounds, natural products,
organic materials, and catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Ruiz-Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Stephen L Buchwald
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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11
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Ibis C, Ozkok F. The synthesis and spectral characterization of novel nitrodiene compounds from thiols. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2015.1049742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cemil Ibis
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Avcilar-Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Funda Ozkok
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul University, Faculty of Engineering, Avcilar-Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Chiacchio U, Barbera V, Bonfanti R, Broggini GL, Campisi A, Gazzola S, Parenti R, Romeo G. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 1,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3H-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazin-6(5H)-ones as antitumoral agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:5748-53. [PMID: 23916151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-3H-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazin-6(5H)-ones has been synthesized by an intramolecular, palladium(II) catalyzed, aminooxygenation of alkenyl ureas, readily available from glycine allylamides as starting materials. Biological tests showed that the obtained compounds are endowed with an interesting antitumoral activity against two human thyroid cancer cell lines, namely FTC-133 and 8305C, by promoting the apoptotic pathway and DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Chiacchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Catania, Italy.
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14
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Feng LS, Liu ML, Wang S, Chai Y, Lv K, Shan GZ, Cao J, Li SJ, Guo HY. Synthesis of naphthyridone derivatives containing 8-alkoxyimino-1,6-dizaspiro[3.4]octane scaffolds. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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15
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Intramolecular Palladium-Catalyzed Aminocarboxylation of Olefins as a Direct Route to Bicyclic Oxazolidinones. Adv Synth Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201000889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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