Dhakar RL, Goud SB, Samanta S. Base-Promoted and Copper(I)-Catalyzed Tandem Cyclization-C(sp
2)-N Coupling of Vinyl Malononitriles with
Ortho-Nitrochalcones: Access to Acridones and their Fused Derivatives.
J Org Chem 2025;
90:3698-3718. [PMID:
40017332 DOI:
10.1021/acs.joc.4c03125]
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Abstract
An efficient Cs2CO3-promoted and copper(I)-catalyzed double cyclization of ortho-nitrochalcones with vinyl malononitriles for the de novo access to a variety of tri- and tetra-substituted acridones and their fused derivatives with a value-added CN group has been developed for the first time. This one-pot operation proceeds through a Michael-cyclization-aromatization, followed by regioselective ipso-amination via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction, resulting in two C═C bonds and a C-N bond for acridone ring synthesis. This economic strategy based on 100% carbon atoms ensures the successive formation of two rings in a one-pot operation, good to high yields, a wide range of substrates, and good tolerance of functionalities. In addition, acridones were converted into several value-added acridones and acridines, highlighting the synthetic versatility and usefulness of the prepared acridone derivatives.
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