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Pongener I, Miller GJ. d-Glucuronate and d-Glucuronate Glycal Acceptors for the Scalable Synthesis of d-GlcN-α-1,4-d-GlcA Disaccharides and Modular Assembly of Heparan Sulfate. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11130-11139. [PMID: 37458063 PMCID: PMC10407932 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Reported herein is a scalable chemical synthesis of disaccharide building blocks for heparan sulfate (HS) oligosaccharide assembly. The use of d-glucuronate-based acceptors for dehydrative glycosylation with d-glucosamine partners is explored, enabling diastereoselective synthesis of appropriately protected HS disaccharide building blocks (d-GlcN-α-1,4-d-GlcA) on a multigram scale. Isolation and characterization of key donor (1,2 glycal)- and acceptor (ortho-ester, anhydro)-derived side products ensure methodology improvements to reduce their formation; protecting the d-glucuronate acceptor at the anomeric position with a para-methoxyphenyl unit proves optimal. We also introduce glycal uronate acceptors, showing them to be comparative in reactivity to their pyranuronate counterparts. Taken together, this gram-scale access offers the capability to explore the iterative assembly of defined HS sequences containing the d-GlcN-α-1,4-d-GlcA repeat, highlighted by completing this for two tetrasaccharide syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imlirenla Pongener
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
& Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
| | - Gavin J. Miller
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
& Centre for Glycoscience, Keele University, Keele, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, U.K.
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2
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Kandasamy S, Whitehead GFS, Vitórica-Yrezábal IJ, Gardiner JM. Synthesis and structure of d-glucuronolactone derived carboxamides. Carbohydr Res 2023; 524:108744. [PMID: 36706564 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
5-O-Protected and 1,2-acetonide-protected D-glucurono-6,3-lactone furanosides were converted into novel furano-glucuronamides through treatment with ammonia. Several O3 protections and O5-deprotection routes afford new primary gluconamide derivatives. However, attempted O3-benzylations of O5-protected intermediates led instead to silyl migration (from O5-TDBMS), competitive N-benzylation or reclosure to the lactone are observed as competing processes. This is not seen the using 5-O-PMB protection which the provides the method of choice for obtaining a fully protection-differentiated glucofuranamide. X-ray crystal structures of a fully-protected glucurono-6,3-lactone lactone and a glucuronamide derivatives are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Kandasamy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - George F S Whitehead
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Iñigo J Vitórica-Yrezábal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - John M Gardiner
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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3
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Dulaney SB, Huang X. Strategies in Synthesis of Heparin/Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides: 2000-Present. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2021; 80:121-164. [PMID: 34872655 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2021.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate are members of the glycosaminoglycan family that are involved in a multitude of biological processes. The great interests in the anticoagulant properties of heparin have stimulated major advances in synthetic strategies toward clinically effective analogues, as demonstrated importantly by the approval of the fully synthetic pentasaccharide fragment, termed fondaparinux (Arixtra®), of the heparin macromolecule for treatment of deep-vein thrombosis. Given the highly complex nature of heparin and heparan sulfate, the chemical synthesis of their components is a challenging endeavor. In the past decade, multiple approaches have been developed to improve the overall synthetic efficiency. New strategies have emerged that can generate libraries of oligosaccharide components of heparin and heparan sulfate. This article discusses recent developments in the assembly of heparin and heparan sulfate oligosaccharides and the associated challenges in their synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Dulaney
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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4
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Muchima K, Todaka T, Shinchi H, Sato A, Tazoe A, Aramaki R, Kakitsubata Y, Yokoyama R, Arima N, Baba M, Wakao M, Ito Y, Suda Y. Development of sugar chain-binding single-chain variable fragment antibody to adult T-cell leukemia cells using glyco-nanotechnology and phage display method. J Biochem 2018; 163:281-291. [PMID: 29351623 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is an intractable blood cancer caused by the infection of human T-cell leukemia virus type-1, and effective medical treatment is required. It is known that the structure and expression levels of cell surface sugar chains vary depending on cell states such as inflammation and cancer. Thus, it is expected that the antibody specific for ATL cell surface sugar chain would be an effective diagnostic tool and a strong candidate for the development of an anti-ATL drug. Here, we developed a stable sugar chain-binding single-chain variable fragment antibody (scFv) that can bind to ATL cells using a fibre-type Sugar Chip and phage display method. The fiber-type Sugar Chips were prepared using O-glycans released from ATL cell lines. The scFv-displaying phages derived from human B cells (diversity: 1.04 × 108) were then screened using the fiber-type Sugar Chips, and an O-glycan-binding scFv was obtained. The flow cytometry analysis revealed that the scFv predominantly bound to ATL cell lines. The sugar chain-binding properties of the scFv was evaluated by array-type Sugar Chip immobilized with a library of synthetic glycosaminoglycan disaccharide structures. Highly sulphated disaccharide structures were found to have high affinity to scFv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaname Muchima
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Taro Todaka
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shinchi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Ayaka Sato
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Arisa Tazoe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Rikiya Aramaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuhei Kakitsubata
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Risa Yokoyama
- Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Naomichi Arima
- SUDx-Biotec Corporation, Shiroyama 1-21-40, Kagoshima 890-0013, Japan
| | - Masanori Baba
- SUDx-Biotec Corporation, Shiroyama 1-21-40, Kagoshima 890-0013, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakao
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yuji Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.,Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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5
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Exploring Anti-Prion Glyco-Based and Aromatic Scaffolds: A Chemical Strategy for the Quality of Life. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060864. [PMID: 28538692 PMCID: PMC6152669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders caused by protein misfolding and aggregation, affecting the brain progressively and consequently the quality of life. Alzheimer’s is also a protein misfolding disease, causing dementia in over 40 million people worldwide. There are no therapeutics able to cure these diseases. Cellular prion protein is a high-affinity binding partner of amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers, the most toxic species in Alzheimer’s pathology. These findings motivate the development of new chemicals for a better understanding of the events involved. Disease control is far from being reached by the presently known therapeutics. In this review we describe the synthesis and mode of action of molecular entities with intervention in prion diseases’ biological processes and, if known, their role in Alzheimer’s. A diversity of structures is covered, based on glycans, steroids and terpenes, heterocycles, polyphenols, most of them embodying aromatics and a structural complexity. These molecules may be regarded as chemical tools to foster the understanding of the complex mechanisms involved, and to encourage the scientific community towards further developments for the cure of these devastating diseases.
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Mohamed S, Ferro V. Synthetic Approaches to L-Iduronic Acid and L-Idose: Key Building Blocks for the Preparation of Glycosaminoglycan Oligosaccharides. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2015; 72:21-61. [PMID: 26613814 DOI: 10.1016/bs.accb.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
L-Iduronic acid (IdoA) is an important monosaccharide component of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) such as heparin, heparan sulfate and dermatan sulfate. GAGs are complex, highly sulfated polysaccharides that mediate a multitude of physiological and pathological processes via their interactions with a range of diverse proteins. The main challenge in the synthesis of GAG oligosaccharides is the efficient gram-scale preparation of IdoA building blocks since neither IdoA nor L-idose is commercially available or readily accessible from natural sources. In this review, the different synthetic approaches for the preparation of IdoA and its derivatives, including L-idose, are presented and discussed. Derivatives of the latter are often used in GAG synthesis and are elaborated to IdoA via selective oxidation at C-6 after incorporation into a GAG chain. Particular focus will be given to the preparation of IdoA synthons most commonly used for GAG oligosaccharide synthesis, and on the progress made since the last systematic review in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifaza Mohamed
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vito Ferro
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Teruya K, Wakao M, Sato M, Hamanaka T, Nishizawa K, Funayama Y, Sakasegawa Y, Suda Y, Doh-ura K. Heparinase I-specific disaccharide unit of heparin is a key structure but insufficient for exerting anti-prion activity in prion-infected cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:989-95. [PMID: 25839661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.03.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans reportedly play important roles in prion formation, but because of their structural complexity, the chemical structures affecting prion formation have not been fully evaluated. Here, we compared two types of low molecular weight heparins and found that heparinase I-sensitive structures influenced anti-prion activity in prion-infected cells. Surface plasmon resonance analyses showed significant binding of a representative heparinase I substrate disaccharide unit, GlcNS6S-IdoA2S, to recombinant prion protein (PrP) fragments, such as full-length PrP23-231 and N-terminal domain PrP23-89, but not to PrP89-230. This binding was competitively inhibited by heparin or pentosan polysulfate, but not by Cu(2+). These PrP binding profiles of the disaccharide unit are consistent with those previously reported for heparin. However, synthetic compounds comprising disaccharide unit alone or its multimers exhibited no anti-prion activity in prion-infected cells. Consequently, the findings suggest that the heparin disaccharide unit that binds to the N-terminal region of PrP is a key structure, but it is insufficient for exerting anti-prion activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Teruya
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryocho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakao
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Masaki Sato
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Taichi Hamanaka
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryocho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nishizawa
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryocho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yukino Funayama
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryocho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Sakasegawa
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryocho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yasuo Suda
- Department of Nanostructure and Advanced Materials, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40 Kohrimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
| | - Katsumi Doh-ura
- Department of Neurochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryocho, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
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8
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Zaferani A, Talsma D, Richter MKS, Daha MR, Navis GJ, Seelen MA, van den Born J. Heparin/heparan sulphate interactions with complement--a possible target for reduction of renal function loss? Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013; 29:515-22. [PMID: 23880790 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current management of end-stage renal failure is based on renal replacement therapy by dialysis or transplantation. Increased occurrence of renal failure in both native and transplanted kidneys indicates a need for novel therapies to stop or limit the progression of the disease. Acute kidney injury and proteinuria are major risk factors in the development of renal failure. In this regard, innate immunity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renal diseases in both native and transplanted kidneys. The complement system is a major humoral part of innate defense. Next to the well-known complement activators, quite a number of the complement factors react with proteoglycans (PGs) both on cellular membranes and in the extracellular compartment. Therefore, these interactions might serve as targets for intervention. In this review, the current knowledge of interactions between PGs and complement is reviewed, and additionally the options for interference in the progression of renal disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Zaferani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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9
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Zulueta MML, Zhong YQ, Hung SC. Synthesis of l-hexoses and their related biomolecules. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:3275-87. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc37733d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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10
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Enugala R, Carvalho LCR, Dias Pires MJ, Marques MMB. Stereoselective Glycosylation of Glucosamine: The Role of the
N
‐Protecting Group. Chem Asian J 2012; 7:2482-501. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201200338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Enugala
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
| | - Luísa C. R. Carvalho
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
| | - Marina J. Dias Pires
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
| | - M. Manuel B. Marques
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica 2829‐516 Caparica (Portugal), Fax: (+351) 21‐294‐8550
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11
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Mong KKT, Yen YF, Hung WC, Lai YH, Chen JH. Application of 2-Azido-2-deoxythioglycosides for β-Glycoside Formation and Oligosaccharide Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201200173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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12
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Dulaney SB, Huang X. Strategies in synthesis of heparin/heparan sulfate oligosaccharides: 2000-present. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 2012; 67:95-136. [PMID: 22794183 PMCID: PMC3646295 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-396527-1.00003-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven B Dulaney
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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13
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Herczeg M, Lázár L, Mándi A, Borbás A, Komáromi I, Lipták A, Antus S. Synthesis of disaccharide fragments of the AT-III binding domain of heparin and their sulfonatomethyl analogues. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:1827-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2010] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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