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Sead FF, Jain V, Roopashree R, Kashyap A, Saini S, Chandra Sharma G, Bhakuni PN, Kazemi M, Javahershenas R. Recent achievements in synthesis of anthracene scaffolds catalyzed transition metals. Front Chem 2025; 13:1545252. [PMID: 40099207 PMCID: PMC11911921 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2025.1545252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025] Open
Abstract
In the last 10 years, the synthesis of anthracene scaffolds has attracted considerable interest because of their distinctive electronic characteristics and various uses in organic electronics, photovoltaics, and therapeutics. Anthracene, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, is valued for its lightweight, stability, and electron transport capabilities, making it a key building block in advanced materials. Traditional synthesis methods often face challenges such as low selectivity and harsh conditions. However, recent advancements in transition metal-catalyzed reactions have transformed the field, offering more efficient and versatile approaches. This review examines methodologies utilizing transition metal catalysts like palladium, zinc, indium, cobalt, gold, iridium, rhodium and ruthenium, which have enabled novel synthetic pathways and selective formation of substituted anthracenes through cross-coupling reactions. The function of ligands, including phosphines and N-heterocyclic carbenes, in improving reaction efficiency and selectivity is also examined. The shift towards greener methodologies is noted, with a focus on minimizing waste and reducing toxic reagents. The shift towards greener methodologies is noted, with a focus on minimizing waste and reducing toxic reagents. Several case studies demonstrate the successful application of these techniques, highlighting the structural diversity and functional potential of anthracene derivatives in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadhil Faez Sead
- Department of Dentistry, College of Dentistry, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Department of Medical Analysis, Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- Department of Medical Analysis, Medical Laboratory Technique College, The Islamic University of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Vicky Jain
- Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
| | - R Roopashree
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditya Kashyap
- Centre for Research Impact and Outcome, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Suman Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh Engineering College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Punjab, India
| | - Girish Chandra Sharma
- Department of Applied Sciences-Chemistry, NIMS Institute of Engineering and Technology, NIMS University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Pushpa Negi Bhakuni
- Department of Allied Science, Graphic Era Hill University, Bhimtal, Uttarakhand, India
- Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Mosstafa Kazemi
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Alborz, Iran
| | - Ramin Javahershenas
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Singh A, Basu A, Sharma A, Priya A, Kaur M, Kaur G, Banerjee B. Lawsone (2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone) derived anticancer agents. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2021-0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
2-Hydroxy-1,4-naphthaquinone, commonly known as lawsone, represents an extremely important biologically active naturally occurring compound. It can easily be isolated from Lawsonia inermis (henna) tree leaf extract. Last decade has seen tremendous applications of lawsone as a starting component for the preparation of various organic scaffolds. Many of these synthesized scaffolds showed a wide range of biological activities including potential activities towards several cancer cell lines. This review deals with diverse synthetic methods of lawsone derived scaffolds and their screening against different anti-cancer cell lines along with promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Singh
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Amartya Basu
- Department of General Medicine , Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences , Bhubaneswar , Odisha 751024 , India
| | - Aditi Sharma
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Anu Priya
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Manmmet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
| | - Bubun Banerjee
- Department of Chemistry , Akal University , Talwandi Sabo , Bathinda , Punjab 151302 , India
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Baviera GS, Donate PM. Recent advances in the syntheses of anthracene derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:2028-2050. [PMID: 34457075 PMCID: PMC8372310 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthracene and anthracene derivatives have been extensively studied over the years because of their interesting photophysical, photochemical, and biological properties. They are currently the subject of research in several areas, which investigate their use in the biological field and their application in OLEDs, OFETs, polymeric materials, solar cells, and many other organic materials. Their synthesis remains challenging, but some important preparative methods have been reported, especially in the last decade. This review presents an update of the recent strategies that have been employed to prepare anthracene derivatives. It encompasses papers published over the last twelve years (2008–2020) and focuses on direct and indirect methods to construct anthracene and anthraquinone frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni S Baviera
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-091, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Donate
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 14040-091, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Otaibi AA, Sherwani S, Alshammari EM, Al-Zahrani SA, Khan WA, Dhahi Alsukaibi AK, Dwivedi S, Khan SN, Khan MWA. Combinational therapeutics to combat cancer. Bioinformation 2021; 17:673-679. [PMID: 35283582 PMCID: PMC8882074 DOI: 10.6026/97320630017673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono-therapeutics is rarely effective as a treatment option, which limits the survival of patients in advanced grade aggressive cancers. Combinational therapeutics (multiple drugs for multiple targets) to combat cancer is gaining momentum in recent years. Hence, it is of interest to document known data for combinational therapeutics in cancer treatment. An amalgamation of therapeutic agents enhances the efficacy and potency of the therapy. Combinational therapy can potentially target multiple pathways that are necessary for the cancer cells to proliferate, and/or target molecules, which may help cancer to become more aggressive and metastasize. In this review, we discuss combinational therapeutics, which include human γδ T cells in combinations with biologically active anti-cancer molecules, which synergistically may produce promising combinational therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Otaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail-2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subuhi Sherwani
- Department of Biology, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail-2440, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Salma Ahmed Al-Zahrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Hail, Hail-2440, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wahid Ali Khan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry,College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha-62529, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sourabh Dwivedi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, U.P., India
| | - Shahper Nazeer Khan
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202002, U.P, India
| | - Mohd Wajid Ali Khan
- Molecular Diagnostic and Personalised Therapeutics Unit, University of Hail, Hail-2440, Saudi Arabia
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An efficient one-pot synthesis of novel 6-hydroxy-14-aryl-8H-dibenzo[a,i]xanthene-8,13(14H)-diones derived from lawsone. RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11164-021-04409-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Efficient Multicomponent Synthesis of Diverse Antibacterial Embelin-Privileged Structure Conjugates. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143290. [PMID: 32698422 PMCID: PMC7397138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A library of embelin derivatives has been synthesized through a multicomponent reaction from embelin (1), aldehydes and privileged structures such as 4-hydroxycoumarin, 4-hydroxy-2H-pyran-2-one and 2-naphthol, in the presence of InCl3 as catalyst. This multicomponent reaction implies Knoevenagel condensation, Michael addition, intramolecular cyclization and dehydration. Many of the synthesized compounds were active and selective against Gram-positive bacteria, including one important multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolate. It was found how the conjugation of diverse privileged substructure with embelin led to adducts having enhanced antibacterial activities.
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Brandão P, Burke AJ, Pineiro M. A Decade of Indium‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs). European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandão
- CQC and Department of Chemistry University of Coimbra 3004‐535 Coimbra Portugal
- Departamento de Química de Évora and LAQV‐REQUIMTE University of Évora 7000‐671 Évora Portugal
| | - Anthony J. Burke
- Departamento de Química de Évora and LAQV‐REQUIMTE University of Évora 7000‐671 Évora Portugal
| | - Marta Pineiro
- CQC and Department of Chemistry University of Coimbra 3004‐535 Coimbra Portugal
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Yadav KK, Kumar A, Kumar A, Misra N, Brahmachari G. Structure, spectroscopic analyses (FT-IR and NMR), vibrational study, chemical reactivity and molecular docking study on 3,3'-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)methylene)bis(2-hydroxynaphthalene-1,4-dione), a promising anticancerous bis-lawsone derivative. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.09.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Qian K, Fu Z, Cao X, Li S, Shen T, Song Q. p-TSA-catalyzed one-pot synthesis of novel 7-aryl-6H-benzo[h][1,3]dioxolo[4,5-b]xanthene-5,6(7H)-diones in ethanol. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1249287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Qian
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Fu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoji Cao
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sijun Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianhua Shen
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingbao Song
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
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Brahmachari G. Design of Organic Transformations at Ambient Conditions: Our Sincere Efforts to the Cause of Green Chemistry Practice. CHEM REC 2015; 16:98-123. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goutam Brahmachari
- Laboratory of Natural Products & Organic Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (Central University); Santiniketan 731 235 West Bengal India
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Dang Thi TA, Decuyper L, Thi Phuong H, Vu Ngoc D, Thanh Nguyen H, Thanh Nguyen T, Do Huy T, Huy Nguyen H, D’hooghe M, Van Nguyen T. Synthesis and cytotoxic evaluation of novel dihydrobenzo[h]cinnoline-5,6-diones. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.08.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Dang Thi TA, Depetter Y, Mollet K, Thi Phuong H, Vu Ngoc D, Pham The C, Thanh Nguyen H, Nguyen Thi TH, Huy Nguyen H, D’hooghe M, Van Nguyen T. Expedient stereoselective synthesis of new dihydropyrano- and dihydrofuranonaphthoquinones. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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