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Rucins M, Smits R, Sipola A, Vigante B, Domracheva I, Turovska B, Muhamadejev R, Pajuste K, Plotniece M, Sobolev A, Duburs G, Plotniece A. Pleiotropic Properties of Amphiphilic Dihydropyridines, Dihydropyridones, and Aminovinylcarbonyl Compounds. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:8413713. [PMID: 33488932 PMCID: PMC7790557 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8413713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three groups of synthetic lipids are chosen for studies: (1) 1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) containing two cationic moieties and their analogues; (2) 3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-pyridones containing a cationic moiety; and (3) acyclic, open-chain analogues, i.e., 2-amino-3-alkoxycarbonylalkylammonium derivatives. 1,4-DHPs possessing dodecyl alkyl chains in the ester groups in positions 3 and 5 and cationic nitrogen-containing groups in positions 2 and 6 have high cytotoxicity in cancer cells HT-1080 (human lung fibrosarcoma) and MH-22A (mouse hepatoma), but low cytotoxicity in the noncancerous NIH3T3 cells (mouse embryonic fibroblast). On the contrary, similar compounds having short (methyl, ethyl, or propoxyethyl) chains in the ester groups in positions 3 and 5 lack cytotoxicity in the cancer cells HT-1080 and MH-22A even at high doses. Inclusion of fluorine atoms in the alkyl chains in positions 3 and 5 of the DHP cycle decreases the cytotoxicity of the mentioned compounds. Structurally related dihydropyridones with a polar head group are substantially more toxic to normal and cancerous cells than the DHP analogues. Open-chain analogues of DHP lipids comprise the same conjugated aminovinylcarbonyl moiety and possess anticancer activity, but they also have high basal cytotoxicity. Electrochemical oxidation data demonstrate that oxidation potentials of selected compounds are in the range of 1.6-1.7 V for cationic 1,4-DHP, 2.0-2.4 V for cationic 3,4-dihydropyridones, and 1.2-1.5 V for 2-amino-3-alkoxycarbonylalkylammonium derivatives. Furthermore, the tested cationic 1,4-DHP amphiphiles possess antiradical activity. Molecular topological polar surface area values for the tested compounds were defined in accordance with the main fragments of compound structures. The determined logP values were highest for dodecyl ester groups in positions 3 and 5 of the 1,4-DHP and lowest for short alkyl chain-containing amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Rucins
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Rufus Smits
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Anda Sipola
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Brigita Vigante
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Ilona Domracheva
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Baiba Turovska
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Ruslan Muhamadejev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Karlis Pajuste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Mara Plotniece
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Riga Stradiņš University, Dzirciema 16, Riga LV-1007, Latvia
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Gunars Duburs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
| | - Aiva Plotniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles 21, Riga LV-1006, Latvia
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Pikun NV, Sobolev A, Plotniece A, Rucins M, Vigante B, Petrova M, Muhamadejev R, Pajuste K, Shermolovich YG. Synthesis of Fluorinated 3,6-Dihydropyridines and 2-(Fluoromethyl)pyridines by Electrophilic Fluorination of 1,2-Dihydropyridines with Selectfluor ®. Molecules 2020; 25:E3143. [PMID: 32660085 PMCID: PMC7397266 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
New fluorinated 3,6-dihydropyridines were obtained by the electrophilic fluorination of 1,2-dihydropyridines with Selectfluor®. These 3-fluoro-3,6-dihydropyridines were easily converted to corresponding pyridines by the elimination of hydrogen fluoride under mild conditions. A new approach to the synthesis of methyl 2-(fluoromethyl)-5-nitro-6-arylnicotinates by the fluorination of 3-fluoro-2-methyl-5-nitro-3,6-dihydropyridines or 1,2-dihydropyridines with Selectfluor® has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiia V. Pikun
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (M.P.); (R.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Arkadij Sobolev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (M.P.); (R.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Aiva Plotniece
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (M.P.); (R.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Martins Rucins
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (M.P.); (R.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Brigita Vigante
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (M.P.); (R.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Marina Petrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (M.P.); (R.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Ruslan Muhamadejev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (M.P.); (R.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Karlis Pajuste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia; (A.S.); (A.P.); (M.R.); (B.V.); (M.P.); (R.M.); (K.P.)
| | - Yuriy G. Shermolovich
- Institute of Organic Chemistry NAS of Ukraine, Murmanska Str. 5, 02660 Kyiv, Ukraine;
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