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Vaňková K, Doleželová E, Tloušťová E, Hocková D, Zíková A, Janeba Z. Synthesis and anti-trypanosomal evaluation of novel N-branched acyclic nucleoside phosphonates bearing 7-aryl-7-deazapurine nucleobase. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114559. [PMID: 35763869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 7-aryl-7-deazaadenine-based N-branched acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (aza-ANPs) has been prepared using the optimized Suzuki cross-coupling reaction as the key synthetic step. The final free phosphonates 15a-h were inactive, due to their inefficient transport across cell membranes, but they inhibited Trypanosoma brucei adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (TbrAPRT1) with Ki values of 1.7-14.1 μM. The corresponding phosphonodiamidate prodrugs 14a-h exhibited anti-trypanosomal activity in the Trypanosoma brucei brucei cell-based assay with EC50 values in the range of 0.58-6.8 μM. 7-(4-Methoxy)phenyl-7-deazapurine derivative 14h, containing two phosphonate moieties, was the most potent anti-trypanosomal agent from the series, with EC50 = 0.58 μM and SI = 16. Finally, phosphonodiamidate prodrugs 14a-h exerted low micromolar cytotoxicity against leukemia and/or cancer cell lines tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolína Vaňková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Doleželová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Tloušťová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Hocková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic.
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nám. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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2
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Malik P, Jain S, Jain P, Kumawat J, Dwivedi J, Kishore D. A comprehensive update on the structure and synthesis of potential drug targets for combating the coronavirus pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2100382. [PMID: 35040187 PMCID: PMC9011541 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202100382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic COVID-19 created by its severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant, known for producing a very severe acute respiratory syndrome, has created an unprecedented situation by its continual assault around the world. The crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 variant has been a global challenge, calling to mitigate this unprecedented pandemic that has engulfed the whole world. Since the outbreak and spread of COVID-19, many researchers globally have been grappling to find new clinically trialed active drugs with anti-COVID-19 activity, from antimalarial drugs to JAK inhibitors, antiviral drugs, immune suppressants, and so forth. This article presents a brief discussion on the activity and synthesis of some active molecules such as favipiravir, hydroxychloroquine, pirfenidone, remdesivir, lopinavir, camostat, chloroquine, baricitinib, molnupiravir, and so forth, which are under trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Malik
- Department of ChemistryBanasthali VidyapithJaipurIndia
| | - Sonika Jain
- Department of ChemistryBanasthali VidyapithJaipurIndia
| | - Pankaj Jain
- Department of PharmacyBanasthali VidyapithJaipurIndia
| | - Jyoti Kumawat
- Department of ChemistryBanasthali VidyapithJaipurIndia
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of ChemistryBanasthali VidyapithJaipurIndia
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3
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Konstantinova ID, L.Andronova V, Fateev IV, Esipov RS. Favipiravir and Its Structural Analogs: Antiviral Activity and Synthesis Methods. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:16-38. [PMID: 35923566 PMCID: PMC9307979 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
1,4-Pyrazine-3-carboxamide-based antiviral compounds have been under intensive study for the last 20 years. One of these compounds, favipiravir (6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide, T-705), is approved for use against the influenza infection in a number of countries. Now, favipiravir is being actively used against COVID-19. This review describes the in vivo metabolism of favipiravir, the mechanism of its antiviral activity, clinical findings, toxic properties, and the chemical synthesis routes for its production. We provide data on the synthesis and antiviral activity of structural analogs of favipiravir, including nucleosides and nucleotides based on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. D. Konstantinova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - V. L.Andronova
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
- FSBI «National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya» of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, 123098 Russia
| | - I. V. Fateev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
| | - R. S. Esipov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 117997 Russia
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Klejch T, Keough DT, King G, Doleželová E, Česnek M, Buděšínský M, Zíková A, Janeba Z, Guddat LW, Hocková D. Stereo-Defined Acyclic Nucleoside Phosphonates are Selective and Potent Inhibitors of Parasite 6-Oxopurine Phosphoribosyltransferases. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4030-4057. [PMID: 35175749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens such as Plasmodium and Trypanosoma spp. are unable to synthesize purine nucleobases. They rely on the salvage of these purines and their nucleosides from the host cell to synthesize the purine nucleotides required for DNA/RNA production. The key enzymes in this pathway are purine phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTs). Here, we synthesized 16 novel acyclic nucleoside phosphonates, 12 with a chiral center at C-2', and eight bearing a second chiral center at C-6'. Of these, bisphosphonate (S,S)-48 is the most potent inhibitor of the Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax 6-oxopurine PRTs and the most potent inhibitor of two Trypanosoma brucei (Tbr) 6-oxopurine PRTs yet discovered, with Ki values as low as 2 nM. Crystal structures of (S,S)-48 in complex with human and Tbr 6-oxopurine PRTs show that the inhibitor binds to the enzymes in different conformations, providing an explanation for its potency and selectivity (i.e., 35-fold in favor of the parasite enzymes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Klejch
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 CZ-16000, Czech Republic
| | - Dianne T Keough
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Gordon King
- The Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Eva Doleželová
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre ASCR, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Česnek
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 CZ-16000, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Buděšínský
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 CZ-16000, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Zíková
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre ASCR, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České Budějovice 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 CZ-16000, Czech Republic
| | - Luke W Guddat
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Dana Hocková
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 6 CZ-16000, Czech Republic
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Gouda MA, Qurban J. An overview of the synthetic routes to Faipiravir and their analogous. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A. Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Ulla Taibah University Medina Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
| | - Jihan Qurban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
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Frydrych J, Keough DT, Chavchich M, Travis J, Dračínský M, Edstein MD, Guddat LW, Hocková D, Janeba Z. Nucleotide analogues containing a pyrrolidine, piperidine or piperazine ring: Synthesis and evaluation of inhibition of plasmodial and human 6-oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferases and in vitro antimalarial activity. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 219:113416. [PMID: 33887682 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Parasites of the Plasmodium genus are unable to produce purine nucleotides de novo and depend completely on the salvage pathway. This fact makes plasmodial hypoxanthine-guanine-(xanthine) phosphoribosyltransferase [HG(X)PRT] a valuable target for development of antimalarial agents. A series of nucleotide analogues was designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum HGXPRT, P. vivax HGPRT and human HGPRT. These novel nucleoside phosphonates have a pyrrolidine, piperidine or piperazine ring incorporated into the linker connecting the purine base to a phosphonate group(s) and exhibited a broad range of Ki values between 0.15 and 72 μM. The corresponding phosphoramidate prodrugs, able to cross cell membranes, have been synthesized and evaluated in a P. falciparum infected human erythrocyte assay. Of the eight prodrugs evaluated seven exhibited in vitro antimalarial activity with IC50 values within the range of 2.5-12.1 μM. The bis-phosphoramidate prodrug 13a with a mean (SD) IC50 of 2.5 ± 0.7 μM against the chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum W2 strain exhibited low cytotoxicity in the human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) cell lines at a concentration of 100 μM suggesting good selectivity for further structure-activity relationship investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Frydrych
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Dianne T Keough
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4068, Australia
| | - Marina Chavchich
- Department of Drug Evaluation, Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Enoggera, Brisbane, Queensland 4051, Australia
| | - Jye Travis
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4068, Australia; Department of Drug Evaluation, Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Enoggera, Brisbane, Queensland 4051, Australia
| | - Martin Dračínský
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michael D Edstein
- Department of Drug Evaluation, Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Enoggera, Brisbane, Queensland 4051, Australia
| | - Luke W Guddat
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4068, Australia
| | - Dana Hocková
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- The Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-16610 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
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Kriķis KĒ, Novosjolova I, Mishnev A, Turks M. 1,2,3-Triazoles as leaving groups in S NAr-Arbuzov reactions: synthesis of C6-phosphonated purine derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2021; 17:193-202. [PMID: 33564329 PMCID: PMC7849246 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.17.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method for C-N bond transformations into C-P bonds was developed using 1,2,3-triazoles as leaving groups in SNAr-Arbuzov reactions. A series of C6-phosphonated 2-triazolylpurine derivatives was synthesized for the first time, with the isolated yields reaching up to 82% in the C-P-bond-forming event. The SNAr-Arbuzov reaction of 2,6-bistriazolylpurines follows the general regioselectivity pattern of the C6-position being more reactive towards substitution, which was unambiguously proved by X-ray analysis of diethyl (9-heptyl-2-(4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-9H-purin-6-yl)phosphonate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kārlis-Ēriks Kriķis
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Irina Novosjolova
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
| | - Anatoly Mishnev
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str. 21, LV-1006, Riga, Latvia
| | - Māris Turks
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, P. Valdena Str. 3, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
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Titova YA, Fedorova OV. Favipiravir - a Modern Antiviral Drug: Synthesis and Modifications. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020; 56:659-662. [PMID: 32836314 PMCID: PMC7364135 DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The routes of synthesis are considered, as well as the modifications of the promising modern antiviral drug favipiravir. Literature data from the last 10 years are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulia A Titova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoi / 20 Akademicheskaya St, Yekaterinburg, 620108 Russia
| | - Olga V Fedorova
- Postovsky Institute of Organic Synthesis, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 22 S. Kovalevskoi / 20 Akademicheskaya St, Yekaterinburg, 620108 Russia
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Skácel J, Dračínský M, Janeba Z. Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Thiophenes via Direct Metalation. J Org Chem 2020; 85:788-797. [PMID: 31859495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Thiophene moiety can be derivatized by various synthetic procedures. The most convenient method seems to be derivatization via direct metalation, but synthesis of polysubstituted thiophenes bearing reactive groups is difficult because of high reactivity of organometallic reagents. This work reports the preparation of complex heterocyclic compounds using direct metalation of thiophenes with various reagents (Knochel-Hauser bases, LDA) as an efficient synthetic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Skácel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Martin Dračínský
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Zlatko Janeba
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Flemingovo nám. 2 , CZ-16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
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Klejch T, Keough DT, Chavchich M, Travis J, Skácel J, Pohl R, Janeba Z, Edstein MD, Avery VM, Guddat LW, Hocková D. Sulfide, sulfoxide and sulfone bridged acyclic nucleoside phosphonates as inhibitors of the Plasmodium falciparum and human 6-oxopurine phosphoribosyltransferases: Synthesis and evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 183:111667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.111667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Guo Q, Xu M, Guo S, Zhu F, Xie Y, Shen J. The complete synthesis of favipiravir from 2-aminopyrazine. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0654-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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