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Agrawal I, Lange M, Semmelmaier A, von Köller HF, Werz DB. Formal Carbene Insertion into Cyclopropanones: Access to 2-Aroyl Cyclobutanones via Sulfonium Ylides. J Org Chem 2025; 90:6162-6168. [PMID: 40298177 PMCID: PMC12070404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2025] [Revised: 04/11/2025] [Accepted: 04/17/2025] [Indexed: 04/30/2025]
Abstract
This report presents a method for the synthesis of 2-aroyl cyclobutanones via the reaction of in situ-generated cyclopropanones with acyl sulfonium ylides representing a formal carbene insertion into cyclopropanones. The reaction is highly stereoselective in the case of 2-substituted cyclopropanones, and the cyclobutanones thus obtained are well suited to α-alkylation, offering versatile synthetic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishika Agrawal
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marvin Lange
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Arthur Semmelmaier
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Heinrich F. von Köller
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel B. Werz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität
Freiburg, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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2
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Jung M, Lindsay VNG. Concise Synthesis of Optically Active Cyclopropane β-Amino Acid Derivatives via Olefination of Cyclopropanone Surrogates. Org Lett 2025; 27:4196-4201. [PMID: 40207981 PMCID: PMC12045111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.5c00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2025]
Abstract
An expedient synthesis of cyclopropane β-amino acid derivatives is reported from readily accessible cyclopropanone surrogates. The addition of stabilized phosphorus ylides to 1-sulfonylcyclopropanols leads to the formation of highly electrophilic alkylidenecyclopropanes shown to be reactive in a telescopic aza-Michael reaction, in mild conditions. The transformation proceeds with complete diastereocontrol in favor of the trans products and is amenable to the rapid production of highly enantioenriched β-amino acid derivatives, peptidomimetics and spirocyclic analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunggi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Vincent N. G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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3
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Muir JE, Jung M, Lindsay VNG. Synthesis of 1-(phenylsulfonyl)bicyclo[1.1.0]butane from Methyl Phenyl Sulfone and Epichlorohydrin. ORGANIC SYNTHESES; AN ANNUAL PUBLICATION OF SATISFACTORY METHODS FOR THE PREPARATION OF ORGANIC CHEMICALS 2025; 102:185-202. [PMID: 40313471 PMCID: PMC12045109 DOI: 10.15227/orgsyn.102.0185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2025]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna E Muir
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Myunggi Jung
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Vincent N G Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
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4
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Natho P, Colella M, Vicenti A, Romanazzi G, Ullah F, Sheikh NS, White AJP, Pasca F, Luisi R. Shifting Lithium Amide Reactivity to the Radical Domain: Regioselective Radical C-H Functionalization of 3-Iodooxetane for the Synthesis of 1,5-Dioxaspiro[2.3]hexanes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2025; 64:e202424346. [PMID: 39869059 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202424346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2024] [Revised: 01/13/2025] [Accepted: 01/27/2025] [Indexed: 01/28/2025]
Abstract
Strained spiro-heterocycles (SSHs) have gained significant attention within the medicinal chemistry community as promising sp3-rich bioisosteres for their aromatic and non-spirocyclic counterparts. We herein report access to an unprecedented spiro-heterocycle-1,5-dioxaspiro[2.3]hexane. Our synthetic approach leverages a lithium-amide induced single-electron transfer to benzophenones generating an N-centered radical and a ketyl radical anion-reminiscent of a frustrated radical pair. This pair works synergistically to selectively abstract the β-hydrogen from 3-iodooxetane, initiating an exergonic radical-radical coupling reaction. This process enables the formation of the desired bond between the oxetane core and benzophenone derivatives, ultimately yielding the novel 1,5-dioxaspiro[2.3]hexane core. The stability and synthetic utility of the novel 1,5-dioxaspiro[2.3]hexane motif are showcased. An in-depth mechanistic investigation is presented, including cyclic voltammetry studies, as well as computational calculations and experiments to support the mechanism of this new single electron synthetic tactic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Natho
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Colella
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Annarita Vicenti
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Faizan Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, KPK, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem S Sheikh
- Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Francesco Pasca
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Renzo Luisi
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari "A. Moro", Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
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5
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Laktsevich-Iskryk M, Hurski A, Ošeka M, Kananovich D. Recent advances in asymmetric synthesis via cyclopropanol intermediates. Org Biomol Chem 2025; 23:992-1015. [PMID: 39670922 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob01746c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
Cyclopropanols have attracted significant attention in organic synthesis as versatile three-carbon synthons, as this readily available class of donor-activated cyclopropanes undergoes miscellaneous transformations, either via ring-opening or with retention of the cyclopropane ring. This review summarizes stereoselective and stereoretentive transformations suitable for asymmetric synthesis. The utility of cyclopropanols is discussed for two main strategies: (i) substrate-controlled transformations using enantiomerically enriched cyclopropanol intermediates through a traditional approach, and (ii) the use of nonchiral or racemic cyclopropanols, where asymmetric induction is achieved through a chiral catalyst, representing a direction that has recently emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marharyta Laktsevich-Iskryk
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Alaksiej Hurski
- Republican Scientific Center of Human Issues, Belarusian State University, Minsk 220064, Belarus
- Scientific Testing Center Campilab Ltd., Dynaraŭka 222202, Belarus
| | - Maksim Ošeka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
| | - Dzmitry Kananovich
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Tallinn University of Technology, Akadeemia tee 15, 12618, Tallinn, Estonia.
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6
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Lange M, Werz DB. Ring-Enlargement of in Situ Generated Cyclopropanones by the Reaction with Sulfonium Ylides: One-Pot Synthesis of Cyclobutanones. Org Lett 2024. [PMID: 39513747 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c03661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
In this report, we describe a simple method for the synthesis of 2-aryl-2-vinyl-cyclobutanones through the reaction of in situ generated cyclopropanones and cinnamylsulfonium ylides, representing an example of a formal carbene insertion into these three-membered rings. The cyclobutanones thus obtained are ideal substrates for palladium-catalyzed coupling reactions upon enol triflate formation, thereby providing access to densely functionalized cyclobutenes. A mechanistic proposal for the ring-enlargement is presented based on experimental evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Lange
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel B Werz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
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7
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Takatsuki M, Aoyama H, Arisawa M, Sako M. Brønsted acid-catalyzed synthesis of spirocyclobutanes via heteroannulation of vinyloxyphenylbicyclobutanes with water. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:4727-4731. [PMID: 38787695 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00451e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
We report a perchloric acid-catalyzed heteroannulation for the synthesis of spirocyclobutanes using vinyloxyphenylbicyclobutanes with water. This metal-free reaction yields high product outputs and is consistent with the formation of a cyclobutene intermediate originating from an isomerization of a bicyclobutane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaharu Takatsuki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Aoyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Makoto Sako
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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8
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Rivera RM, Ferrin ZR, Lindsay VNG. Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Rearrangement of Cyclopropanone Hemiaminals: General Access to Pyrroloindolones from Indoles. Org Lett 2024; 26:4738-4743. [PMID: 38809772 PMCID: PMC11212033 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
A concise synthetic approach to medicinally relevant pyrroloindolones and related fused heterocycles is reported via the diastereoselective N-addition of unprotected indoles to readily accessible cyclopropanone equivalents. The resulting stable hemiaminals are shown to smoothly rearrange to pyrroloindolones in mild conditions using Fe(III) catalysis in the presence of inexpensive ammonium persulfate as a stoichiometric oxidant. Experimental evidence points toward the formation of a β-carboxylic radical intermediate prone to cyclization and oxidative rearomatization as the operative mechanistic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Machín Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zack R. Ferrin
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N. G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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9
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Prysiazhniuk K, Datsenko OP, Polishchuk O, Shulha S, Shablykin O, Nikandrova Y, Horbatok K, Bodenchuk I, Borysko P, Shepilov D, Pishel I, Kubyshkin V, Mykhailiuk PK. Spiro[3.3]heptane as a Saturated Benzene Bioisostere. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316557. [PMID: 38251921 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The spiro[3.3]heptane core, with the non-coplanar exit vectors, was shown to be a saturated benzene bioisostere. This scaffold was incorporated into the anticancer drug sonidegib (instead of the meta-benzene), the anticancer drug vorinostat (instead of the phenyl ring), and the anesthetic drug benzocaine (instead of the para-benzene). The patent-free saturated analogs obtained showed a high potency in the corresponding biological assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Oleh Shablykin
- Enamine Ltd., Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
- V. P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | | | | | - Petro Borysko
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Iryna Pishel
- Bienta, Winston Churchill Str. 78, 02094, Kyiv, Ukraine
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10
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Jang Y, Deng W, Sprague IS, Lindsay VNG. Divergent Synthesis of β-Fluoroamides via Silver-Catalyzed Oxidative Deconstruction of Cyclopropanone Hemiaminals. Org Lett 2023; 25:5389-5394. [PMID: 37413978 PMCID: PMC10829026 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c01992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
An expedient approach for the synthesis of challenging β-fluoroamides from readily accessible cyclopropanone equivalents is reported. Following the addition of pyrazole used here as a transient leaving group, silver-catalyzed regiospecific ring-opening fluorination of the resulting hemiaminal leads to a β-fluorinated N-acylpyrazole intermediate reactive to substitution with amines, ultimately affording β-fluoroamides. The process could also be extended to the synthesis of β-fluoroesters and γ-fluoroalcohols via the addition of alcohols or hydrides as terminal nucleophiles, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Jang
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Weixia Deng
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ivan S. Sprague
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Vincent N. G. Lindsay
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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