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Qu L, Lu Q, Zhang L, Kong F, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Ni X, Zhang X, Zhao Y, Zou B. Research Progress on the Enhancement of Immobilized Enzyme Catalytic Performance and Its Application in the Synthesis of Vitamin E Succinate. Molecules 2025; 30:1241. [PMID: 40142017 PMCID: PMC11944737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules30061241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2025] [Revised: 03/04/2025] [Accepted: 03/06/2025] [Indexed: 03/28/2025] Open
Abstract
Vitamin E succinate is a more mature vitamin E derivative, and its chemical stability and many effects have been improved compared with vitamin E, which can not only make up for the shortcomings of vitamin E application but also broaden the application field of vitamin E. At present, in developed countries such as Europe, America, and Japan, vitamin E succinate is widely used in health foods, and due to its good water solubility and stability, the vitamin E added to most nutritional supplements (tablets and hard capsules) is vitamin E succinate. At the same time, vitamin E succinate used in the food and pharmaceutical industries is mainly catalyzed by enzymatic catalysis. In this paper, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) was studied. Chemical modification and immobilization were used to improve the enzymatic properties of CRL, and immobilized lipase with high stability and high activity was obtained. It was applied to the enzymatic synthesis of vitamin E succinate, and the reaction conditions were optimized to improve the yield and reduce the production cost. The review covered the research progress of the methods for enhancing the catalytic performance of immobilized enzymes and discussed its application in the synthesis of vitamin E succinate, providing new ideas and technical support for the catalytic performance enhancement of immobilized enzymes and its application in the synthesis of vitamin E succinate and promoting the production and application of vitamin E succinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Qu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu 241003, China;
| | - Qiongya Lu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.L.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (X.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Liming Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.L.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (X.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Fanzhuo Kong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.L.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (X.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.L.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (X.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Zhiyuan Lin
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.L.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (X.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xing Ni
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.L.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (X.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Xue Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.L.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (X.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yani Zhao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.L.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (X.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; (Q.L.); (L.Z.); (F.K.); (Y.Z.); (Z.L.); (X.N.); (X.Z.); (Y.Z.)
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Tak RK, Noda H, Shibasaki M. Cyanomethylation of β‐Alkoxyaldehydes: Toward a Short Synthesis of Atorvastatin. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201900595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raj Kumar Tak
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Noda
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), Tokyo 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku Tokyo 141-0021 Japan
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Rieder O, Wolberg M, Foegen SE, Müller M. Chemoenzymatic synthesis of statine side chain building blocks and application in the total synthesis of the cholesterol-lowering compound solistatin. J Biotechnol 2017; 258:171-180. [PMID: 28751276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and enzymatic reduction of several 6-substituted dioxohexanoates are presented. Two-step syntheses of tert-butyl 6-bromo-3,5-dioxohexanoate and the corresponding 6-hydroxy compound have been achieved in 89% and 59% yield, respectively. Regio- and enantioselective reduction of these diketones and of the 6-chloro derivative with alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (LBADH) gave the (5S)-5-hydroxy-3-oxo products with enantiomeric excesses of 91%, 98.4%, and >99.5%, respectively. Chain elongation of the reduction products by one carbon via cyanide addition, and by more than one carbon by Julia-Kocienski olefination, gave access to well-established statine side-chain building blocks. Application in the synthesis of the cholesterol-lowering natural compound solistatin is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Rieder
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wolberg
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Silke E Foegen
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Müller
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 25, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
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He XJ, Chen SY, Wu JP, Yang LR, Xu G. Highly efficient enzymatic synthesis of tert-butyl (S)-6-chloro-5-hydroxy-3-oxohexanoate with a mutant alcohol dehydrogenase of Lactobacillus kefir. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:8963-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Mineeva IV. Asymmetric synthesis of (+)-(S)-Massoia lactone, pheromone of Idea leuconoe. Formal total synthesis of valilactone and lachnelluloic acid. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428013110146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kawato Y, Chaudhary S, Kumagai N, Shibasaki M. Streamlined Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Atorvastatin. Chemistry 2013; 19:3802-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201204609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Synthetic studies on statins. Part 1: a short and cyanide-free synthesis of atorvastatin calcium via an enantioselective aldol strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Gupta P, Mahajan N, Taneja SC. Recent advances in the stereoselective synthesis of 1,3-diols using biocatalysts. Catal Sci Technol 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cy00125c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Li WF, Xie XM, Tao XM, Ma X, Fan WZ, Li XM, Zhang ZG. RuCl2(PPh3)3-catalyzed chemoselective hydrogenation of β, δ-diketo acid derivatives at the β-carbonyls. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20114c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Jordan DB, Braker JD, Bowman MJ, Vermillion KE, Moon J, Liu ZL. Kinetic mechanism of an aldehyde reductase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that relieves toxicity of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2011; 1814:1686-94. [PMID: 21890004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2011.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An effective means of relieving the toxicity of furan aldehydes, furfural (FFA) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), on fermenting organisms is essential for achieving efficient fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol and other products. Ari1p, an aldehyde reductase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been shown to mitigate the toxicity of FFA and HMF by catalyzing the NADPH-dependent conversion to corresponding alcohols, furfuryl alcohol (FFOH) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfuryl alcohol (HMFOH). At pH 7.0 and 25°C, purified Ari1p catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of substrates with the following values (k(cat) (s(-1)), k(cat)/K(m) (s(-1)mM(-1)), K(m) (mM)): FFA (23.3, 1.82, 12.8), HMF (4.08, 0.173, 23.6), and dl-glyceraldehyde (2.40, 0.0650, 37.0). When acting on HMF and dl-glyceraldehyde, the enzyme operates through an equilibrium ordered kinetic mechanism. In the physiological direction of the reaction, NADPH binds first and NADP(+) dissociates from the enzyme last, demonstrated by k(cat) of HMF and dl-glyceraldehyde that are independent of [NADPH] and (K(ia)(NADPH)/k(cat)) that extrapolate to zero at saturating HMF or dl-glyceraldehyde concentration. Microscopic kinetic parameters were determined for the HMF reaction (HMF+NADPH↔HMFOH+NADP(+)), by applying steady-state, presteady-state, kinetic isotope effects, and dynamic modeling methods. Release of products, HMFOH and NADP(+), is 84% rate limiting to k(cat) in the forward direction. Equilibrium constants, [NADP(+)][FFOH]/[NADPH][FFA][H(+)]=5600×10(7)M(-1) and [NADP(+)][HMFOH]/[NADPH][HMF][H(+)]=4200×10(7)M(-1), favor the physiological direction mirrored by the slowness of hydride transfer in the non-physiological direction, NADP(+)-dependent oxidation of alcohols (k(cat) (s(-1)), k(cat)/K(m) (s(-1)mM(-1)), K(m) (mM)): FFOH (0.221, 0.00158, 140) and HMFOH (0.0105, 0.000104, 101).
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Jordan
- US Department of Agriculture, National Center of Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, USA.
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Stereochemistry of furfural reduction by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae aldehyde reductase that contributes to in situ furfural detoxification. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:4926-32. [PMID: 20525870 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00542-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ari1p from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, recently identified as an intermediate-subclass short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, contributes in situ to the detoxification of furfural. Furfural inhibits efficient ethanol production by yeast, particularly when the carbon source is acid-treated lignocellulose, which contains furfural at a relatively high concentration. NADPH is Ari1p's best known hydride donor. Here we report the stereochemistry of the hydride transfer step, determined by using (4R)-[4-(2)H]NADPD and (4S)-[4-(2)H]NADPD and unlabeled furfural in Ari1p-catalyzed reactions and following the deuterium atom into products 2-furanmethanol or NADP(+). Analysis of the products demonstrates unambiguously that Ari1p directs hydride transfer from the si face of NADPH to the re face of furfural. The singular orientation of substrates enables construction of a model of the Michaelis complex in the Ari1p active site. The model reveals hydrophobic residues near the furfural binding site that, upon mutation, may increase specificity for furfural and enhance enzyme performance. Using (4S)-[4-(2)H]NADPD and NADPH as substrates, primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects of 2.2 and 2.5 were determined for the steady-state parameters k(cat)(NADPH) and k(cat)/K(m)(NADPH), respectively, indicating that hydride transfer is partially rate limiting to catalysis.
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Achiral additives dramatically enhance enantioselectivities in the BINOL–Ti(IV) complex catalyzed aldol condensations of aldehydes with Chan’s diene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rocha-Martin J, Vega DE, Cabrera Z, Bolivar JM, Fernandez-Lafuente R, Berenguer J, Guisan JM. Purification, immobilization and stabilization of a highly enantioselective alcohol dehydrogenase from Thermus thermophilus HB27 cloned in E. coli. Process Biochem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2009.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lüdeke S, Richter M, Müller M. Stereoselective Synthesis of Three Isomers of tert-Butyl 5-Hydroxy-4-methyl-3-oxohexanoate through Alcohol Dehydrogenase-Catalyzed Dynamic Kinetic Resolution. Adv Synth Catal 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Sorgedrager M, van Rantwijk F, Huisman G, Sheldon R. Asymmetric Carbonyl Reductions with Microbial Ketoreductases. Adv Synth Catal 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200800200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Sun F, Xu G, Wu J, Yang L. A new and facile preparation of tert-butyl (3R,5S)-6-hydroxy-3,5-O-isopropylidene-3,5-dihydroxyhexanoate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2007.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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A recombinant ketoreductase tool-box. Assessing the substrate selectivity and stereoselectivity toward the reduction of β-ketoesters. Tetrahedron 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kayser MM, Drolet M, Stewart JD. Application of newly available bio-reducing agents to the synthesis of chiral hydroxy-β-lactams: model for aldose reductase selectivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaluzna IA, David Rozzell J, Kambourakis S. Ketoreductases: stereoselective catalysts for the facile synthesis of chiral alcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Poessl T, Kosjek B, Ellmer U, Gruber C, Edegger K, Faber K, Hildebrandt P, Bornscheuer U, Kroutil W. Non-Racemic Halohydrinsvia Biocatalytic Hydrogen-Transfer Reduction of Halo-Ketones and One-Pot Cascade Reaction to Enantiopure Epoxides. Adv Synth Catal 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.200505094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Zhu D, Mukherjee C, Hua L. ‘Green’ synthesis of important pharmaceutical building blocks: enzymatic access to enantiomerically pure α-chloroalcohols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2005; 22:503-10. [PMID: 15918233 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Evaluation of substituent effects on activity and enantioselectivity in the enzymatic reduction of aryl ketones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2005.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
Diversity constitutes an intrinsic property of biosynthesis. This inherent property can be exploited and successfully applied in organic synthesis. Recent advances have been made in many areas, including the use of multifunctional enzymes and catalytic promiscuity, the synthesis of diverse products from a single substrate, the use of different biotransformations to make one product, and the use of in vivo biotransformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Müller
- Institute of Biotechnology 2, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.
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