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Tyurin VS, Shkirdova AO, Koifman OI, Zamilatskov IA. Meso-Formyl, Vinyl, and Ethynyl Porphyrins-Multipotent Synthons for Obtaining a Diverse Array of Functional Derivatives. Molecules 2023; 28:5782. [PMID: 37570752 PMCID: PMC10421532 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents a strategy for obtaining various functional derivatives of tetrapyrrole compounds based on transformations of unsaturated carbon-oxygen and carbon-carbon bonds of the substituents at the meso position (meso-formyl, vinyl, and ethynyl porphyrins). First, synthetic approaches to the preparation of these precursors are described. Then diverse pathways for the transformations of the multipotent synthons are discussed, revealing a variety of products of such reactions. The structures, electronic, and optical properties of the compounds obtained by the methods under consideration are analyzed. In addition, there is an overview of the applications of the products obtained. Biomedical use of the compounds is among the most important. Finally, the advantages of using the reviewed synthetic strategy to obtain dyes with targeted properties are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S. Tyurin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alena O. Shkirdova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oscar I. Koifman
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology, 153000 Ivanovo, Russia;
| | - Ilya A. Zamilatskov
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Sample HC, Senge MO. Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution (S NAr) and Related Reactions of Porphyrinoids: Mechanistic and Regiochemical Aspects. European J Org Chem 2021; 2021:7-42. [PMID: 33519299 PMCID: PMC7821298 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The nucleophilic substitution of aromatic moieties (SNAr) has been known for over 150 years and found wide use for the functionalization of (hetero)aromatic systems. Currently, several "types" of SNAr reactions have been established and notably the area of porphyrinoid macrocycles has seen many uses thereof. Herein, we detail the SNAr reactions of seven types of porphyrinoids with differing number and type of pyrrole units: subporphyrins, norcorroles, corroles, porphyrins, azuliporphyrins, N-confused porphyrins, and phthalocyanines. For each we analyze the substitution dependent upon: a) the type of nucleophile and b) the site of substitution (α, β, or meso). Along with this we evaluate this route as a synthetic strategy for the generation of unsymmetrical porphyrinoids. Distinct trends can be identified for each type of porphyrinoid discussed, regardless of nucleophile. The use of nucleophilic substitution on porphyrinoids is found to often be a cost-effective procedure with the ability to yield complex substituent patterns, which can be conducted in non-anhydrous solvents with easily accessible simple porphyrinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry C. Sample
- School of ChemistryTrinity Biomedical Sciences InstituteThe University of Dublin152‐160 Pearse StreetDublin 2Ireland
| | - Mathias O. Senge
- Institute for Advanced Study (TUM‐IAS)Technical University of MunichLichtenbergstrasse 2a85748GarchingGermany
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Liu Y, Wu H, Zhang X, Pan Q, Wang X, Peng W, Yin J, Li G, Li J, Wang J. Regioselective reactions of methyl pyropheophorbide a with formaldehyde based on hydroxymethylation. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-017-0376-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hiroto S, Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Synthesis and Functionalization of Porphyrins through Organometallic Methodologies. Chem Rev 2016; 117:2910-3043. [PMID: 27709907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review focuses on the postfunctionalization of porphyrins and related compounds through catalytic and stoichiometric organometallic methodologies. The employment of organometallic reactions has become common in porphyrin synthesis. Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are now standard techniques for constructing carbon-carbon bonds in porphyrin synthesis. In addition, iridium- or palladium-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization of porphyrins is emerging as an efficient way to install various substituents onto porphyrins. Furthermore, the copper-mediated Huisgen cycloaddition reaction has become a frequent strategy to incorporate porphyrin units into functional molecules. The use of these organometallic techniques, along with the traditional porphyrin synthesis, now allows chemists to construct a wide range of highly elaborated and complex porphyrin architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Hiroto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University , Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Li J, Liu Y, Xu XS, Li YL, Zhang SG, Yoon I, Shim YK, Wang JJ, Yin JG. Highly efficient synthesis of novel methyl 132-methylene mesopyropheophorbide a and its stereoselective Michael addition reaction. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1992-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02491e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
pH-Dependent regioselective condensation of methyl mesopyropheophorbide a with HCHO is studied and stereoselective Michael reaction of the 132-methylene product is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhu Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Xi-Sen Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Yan-Long Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Shan-Guo Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Il Yoon
- PDT Research Institute
- School of Nano System Engineering
- Inje University
- Gimhae
- Korea
| | - Young Key Shim
- PDT Research Institute
- School of Nano System Engineering
- Inje University
- Gimhae
- Korea
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
| | - Jun-Gang Yin
- College of Life Sciences
- Yantai University
- Yantai
- China
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Yorimitsu H, Osuka A. Organometallic Approaches for Direct Modification of Peripheral CH Bonds in Porphyrin Cores. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201200183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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7
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Takanami T. Functionalization of Porphyrins through C-C Bond Formation Reactions with Functional Group-Bearing Organometallic Reagents. HETEROCYCLES 2013. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-13-775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sugita N, Hayashi S, Hino F, Takanami T. Palladium-catalyzed Kumada Coupling Reaction of Bromoporphyrins with Silylmethyl Grignard Reagents: Preparation of Silylmethyl-substituted Porphyrins as a Multipurpose Synthon for Fabrication of Porphyrin Systems. J Org Chem 2012; 77:10488-97. [DOI: 10.1021/jo302122f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Sugita
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588,
Japan
| | - Satoshi Hayashi
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588,
Japan
| | - Fumio Hino
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588,
Japan
| | - Toshikatsu Takanami
- Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588,
Japan
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Peng X, Gao C, Huang Y, Peng J, Aratani N, Osuka A. Benzylic modifications of meso-alkyl-substituted porphyrins via oxidation with DDQ. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.12.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yamashita KI, Kataoka K, Asano MS, Sugiura KI. Catalyst-Free Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution of meso-Bromoporphyrins with Azide Anion: Efficient Synthesis and Structural Analyses of meso-Azidoporphyrins. Org Lett 2011; 14:190-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ol202973z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kataoka
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Motoko S. Asano
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Sugiura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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Takanami T, Hayashi S, Iso K, Matsumoto J, Hino F. An efficient one-pot protocol for asymmetric bifunctionalization of 5,15-disubstituted porphyrins: direct access to meso activated alkenyl-substituted meso-formylporphyrins. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Abada Z, Ferrié L, Akagah B, Lormier AT, Figadère B. Synthesis of 5,15-diarylporphyrins via orthoesters condensation with aryldipyrromethanes. Tetrahedron Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2011.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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13
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Senge MO. Stirring the porphyrin alphabet soup—functionalization reactions for porphyrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:1943-60. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc03984e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Takanami T, Suda K. Metalloporphyrins and Phthalocyanines as Efficient Lewis Acid Catalysts with a Unique Reaction-Field. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2009. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.67.595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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