1
|
Udhayakumari D. Mechanistic Innovations in Fluorescent Chemosensors for Detecting Toxic Ions: PET, ICT, ESIPT, FRET and AIE Approaches. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03843-1. [PMID: 39018001 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03843-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescent chemosensors have become vital tools for detecting toxic ions due to their exceptional sensitivity, selectivity, and rapid response times. These sensors function through various mechanisms, each providing unique advantages for specific applications. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the mechanistic innovations in fluorescent chemosensors, emphasizing five key approaches: Photoinduced Electron Transfer (PET), Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET), Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT), Aggregation-Induced Emission (AIE), and Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer (ESIPT). We highlight the substantial progress made in developing these chemosensors, discussing their design principles, sensing mechanisms, and practical applications, with a particular focus on their use in detecting toxic ions relevant to environmental and biological contexts.
Collapse
|
2
|
Dangi V, Baral M, Kanungo B. Study on the Development of a Cyclohexane Based Tripodal Molecular Device as "OFF-ON-OFF" pH Sensor and Fluorescent Iron Sensor. CURR ANAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573411015666190314154126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Iron is an essential transition metal which is indispensable for life processes
like oxygen transport and metabolism, electron transfer etc. However, misregulated iron is responsible
for disease like anemia, hemochromatosis, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. In order to encounter
these diseases, a better understanding is needed of its role in misregulation. Fluorescent iron
sensors could help provide this information. The new chemosensor developed by linking a cyclohexane
unit with three 8-hydroxyquinoline provides selective detection of iron in numerous biological
and environmental samples.
Methods:
The Uv-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy in combination with pH measurements will
mainly be used for the study. Theoretical studies at DFT level will be used to validate the method
and explain the theory behind the experiments.
Results:
The study of electronic spectra of the chelator, HQCC, reveals the appearance of a band at
262 nm along with a weak band at 335 nm due to π- π* and n- π* transitions respectively. Upon excitation
with 335 nm, the ligand fluoresces at 388 nm wavelength. The intensity of the emission was
affected in presence of metal ions, with maximum deviation for Fe(III). Selectivity studies showed
that Fe(III) is more selective as compared to the biologically relevant metal ions viz., Al(III), Fe(III),
Cr(III), Co(II), Fe(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Mn(II) and Pb(II). pH dependent studies implied that the
fluorescence intensity was highest at pH ~8.0, whereas maximum quenching for iron-HQCC system
was observed at pH 7.4. The binding studies from the B-H plot confirms the formation of 1:1 complex
with association constant of 5.95 × 106. The results obtained from experiments were in agreement
with that obtained from the DFT and TD-DFT studies.
Conclusion:
A novel tripodal chelator based on 8-hydroxyquinoline and symmetric cyclohexane
scaffold was successfully developed. In addition to the excellence of the ligand to be employed as a
promising sensitive fluorescent probe for easy detection of Fe3+ions at the physiological pH with
very low concentration (7.5 x 10-5 molL-1), the new ligand can be used as an OFF-ON-OFF pH sensor.
Fe(III) encapsulation along with 1:1 ML-complexation formation have been established. Theoretical
studies confirm a d-PET mechanism for the fluorescence quenching. DFT studies revealed
that the neutral form of the ligand is less reactive than its protonated or the deprotonated form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Dangi
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana-136119, India
| | - Minati Baral
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana-136119, India
| | - B.K. Kanungo
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal-148106, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bayindir S, Toprak M. A novel pyrene-based selective colorimetric and ratiometric turn-on sensing for copper. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 213:6-11. [PMID: 30669074 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Detection of copper attracts important in most environmental and biological systems. In this study, a simple probe BisPyTSC containing bis-pyrene core was synthesized, and cation binding and sensing properties were studied using colorimetric and fluorometric detection. The research indicated that the specific ligand affinity for Cu2+ ions results in drastic color and spectral changes. According to the data obtained, while the peak intensity increases at 376 nm, the peak intensity decreased at 280 nm in the absorption spectrum of BisPyTSC and an increase in fluorescence intensity of BisPyTSC was observed in the presence of Cu2+ ions. The binding ratio of BisPyTSC to Cu2+ was found to be 1:1 according to Job's plot experiments. The binding constant was calculated using the Benesi-Hildebrand equation and found to be 3.26 × 104 M-1. Based on these concentration dependent fluorescence changes, the limit of detection (LOD) value was calculated to be 14.5 μM for Cu2+, which is the range of copper that should be in the blood (11.8-23.6 μM). As a result of all these studies, we can understand that BisPyTSC is a good selective candidate turn-on sensor that can be used for Cu2+ detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Bayindir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Toprak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
A simple rhodanine-based fluorescent sensor for mercury and copper: The recognition of Hg2+ in aqueous solution, and Hg2+/Cu2+ in organic solvent. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
|
5
|
Sinha S, Chowdhury B, Adarsh NN, Ghosh P. A hexa-quinoline basedC3-symmetric chemosensor for dual sensing of zinc(ii) and PPi in an aqueous mediumviachelation induced “OFF–ON–OFF” emission. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:6819-6830. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00611c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
“OFF–ON–OFF” luminescence switching behavior of a hexa-quinoline based sensor towards Zn2+and PPi in an aqueous buffer medium is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghamitra Sinha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Bijit Chowdhury
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| | - Nayarassery N. Adarsh
- Instituto Catalan de Nanociencia y Nanotecnologia (ICN2)
- Edifici ICN2
- Campus UAB
- Cerdanyola del Valles 08193
- Spain
| | - Pradyut Ghosh
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry
- Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science
- Kolkata 700 032
- India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang J, Fang H, Fang X, Xu X, Yang Y, Rui J, Wu C, Wang S, Xu H. A novel tetrahydroquinazolin-2-amine-based high selective fluorescent sensor for Zn2+ from nopinone. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Velmurugan K, Raman A, Don D, Tang L, Easwaramoorthi S, Nandhakumar R. Quinoline benzimidazole-conjugate for the highly selective detection of Zn(ii) by dual colorimetric and fluorescent turn-on responses. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04523a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A quinoline benzimidazole-conjugate (QBC) has been synthesized for the highly selective detection of Zn(ii) both by colorimetry and fluorimetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K. Velmurugan
- Department of Chemistry
- Karunya University
- Coimbatore – 641 114
- India
| | - A. Raman
- Chemical Laboratory
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi – 110001
| | - Derin Don
- Department of Chemistry
- Karunya University
- Coimbatore – 641 114
- India
| | - Lijun Tang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaoning Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Functional Compounds
- Bohai University
- Jinzhou 121013
- P. R. China
| | - S. Easwaramoorthi
- Chemical Laboratory
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
- New Delhi – 110001
| | - R. Nandhakumar
- Department of Chemistry
- Karunya University
- Coimbatore – 641 114
- India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Saleem M, Lee KH. Optical sensor: a promising strategy for environmental and biomedical monitoring of ionic species. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we cover the recent developments in fluorogenic and chromogenic sensors for Cu2+, Fe2+/Fe3+, Zn2+and Hg2+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry
- Kongju National University
- Gongju
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry
- Kongju National University
- Gongju
- Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wei T, Wang J, Chen Y, Han Y. Combining the PeT and ICT mechanisms into one chemosensor for the highly sensitive and selective detection of zinc. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra11194c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel fluorescent sensor (ZS1) based on the dual-mechanism of PeT/ICT for the highly sensitive and selective detection of Zn2+was designed and synthesized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wei
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Jinglu Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yifeng Han
- Department of Chemistry
- The Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology
- Zhejiang Sci-Tech University
- Hangzhou
- China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang CY, Jhong Y, Chir JL, Wu AT. A quinoline derivative as an efficient sensor to detect selectively Al³⁺ ion. J Fluoresc 2014; 24:991-4. [PMID: 24866153 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-014-1404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A quinoline-based Schiff base 1 has been utilized as a fluorescence chemosensor for the selective detection of Al(3+). The receptor 1 exhibited a high association constant (3.67 × 10(5) M(-1)) with submicromolar detection limit (0.18 ppm) towards Al(3+) in CH3CN solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Yin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, 50058, Taiwan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jisha B, Resmi M, Maya R, Varma RL. Colorimetric detection of Al(III) ions based on triethylene glycol appended 8-propyloxy quinoline ester. Tetrahedron Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.05.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
12
|
Jiao SY, Peng LL, Li K, Xie YM, Ao MZ, Wang X, Yu XQ. A BINOL-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor for Zn2+ and in situ generated ensemble for selective recognition of histidine in aqueous solution. Analyst 2013; 138:5762-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00979c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|
13
|
Zhang Y, Guo X, Jia L, Xu S, Xu Z, Zheng L, Qian X. Substituent-dependent fluorescent sensors for zinc ions based on carboxamidoquinoline. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:11776-82. [PMID: 22903380 DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of carboxamidoquinoline-based fluorescent sensors (the AQZ family) were synthesized and characterized. The AQZ family members were highly soluble in water and showed good selectivity for Zn(2+)via enhanced fluorescence in aqueous buffer solution. Fluorescence signals could be tuned from dual-wavelength ratiometric changes to changes in the intensity of a single wavelength upon binding Zn(2+) through the introduction of different substituents onto the quinoline ring. Concentrations of free Zn(2+) of 10(-5)-10(-6) M could be detected using the sensors. Changes of substituents and their positions on the quinoline ring influenced the sensitivity for Zn(2+), but had little effect on Zn(2+) affinities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- College of Heilongjiang Province Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chereddy NR, Thennarasu S, Mandal AB. Incorporation of triazole into a quinoline-rhodamine conjugate imparts iron(iii) selective complexation permitting detection at nanomolar levels. Dalton Trans 2012; 41:11753-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt31316b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|