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A Nitrocarbazole as a New Microtubule-Targeting Agent in Breast Cancer Treatment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11199139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is still considered a high-incidence disease, and numerous are the research efforts for the development of new useful and effective therapies. Among anticancer drugs, carbazole compounds are largely studied for their anticancer properties and their ability to interfere with specific targets, such as microtubule components. The latter are involved in vital cellular functions, and the perturbation of their dynamics leads to cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis. In this context, we report the anticancer activity of a series of carbazole analogues 1–8. Among them, 2-nitrocarbazole 1 exhibited the best cytotoxic profile, showing good anticancer activity against two breast cancer cell lines, namely MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, with IC50 values of 7 ± 1.0 and 11.6 ± 0.8 μM, respectively. Furthermore, compound 1 did not interfere with the growth of the normal cell line MCF-10A, contrarily to Ellipticine, a well-known carbazole derivative used as a reference molecule. Finally, in vitro immunofluorescence analysis and in silico studies allowed us to demonstrate the ability of compound 1 to interfere with tubulin organization, similarly to vinblastine: a feature that results in triggering MCF-7 cell death by apoptosis, as demonstrated using a TUNEL assay.
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Petrillo G, Benzi A, Bianchi L, Maccagno M, Pagano A, Tavani C, Spinelli D. Recent advances in the use of conjugated nitro or dinitro-1,3-butadienes as building-blocks for the synthesis of heterocycles. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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3
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Baichurin RI, Sergeev VD, Aboskalova NI, Baichurina LV, Makarenko SV. Some Features of the Reactions of 3-Nitro-6-phenylhexa-3,5-dien-2-one with Thiophenols. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363220050011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Sequential Annulations to Interesting Novel Pyrrolo[3,2- c]carbazoles. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24203802. [PMID: 31652581 PMCID: PMC6832463 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24203802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a significant, valuable extension of a recently implemented pyrrole benzannulation methodology that, employing versatile nitrodienes from our lab as useful C4 building blocks, led to indole derivatives characterized by unusual patterns of substitution. The 6-nitro-7-arylindoles resulting from suitably derivatized, non-symmetric dienes are of foreseeable synthetic interest in search for new polyheterocyclic systems. As an example, pyrrolocarbazoles with a rarely reported ring fusion were synthesized with the classical Cadogan protocol. Furthermore, the proven easy reducibility of the nitro group to amine will surely open the way to further interesting elaborations.
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5
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Tavani C, Bianchi L, Giorgi G, Maccagno M, Petrillo G. Densely Functionalized 2-Methylideneazetidines from Nitrodienic Building Blocks. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201701467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Tavani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Lara Bianchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Gianluca Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie; Chimica e Farmacia; Università di Siena; Via A. Moro 53100 Siena Italy
| | - Massimo Maccagno
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
| | - Giovanni Petrillo
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale; Università di Genova; Via Dodecaneso 31 16146 Genova Italy
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Bianchi L, Giorgi G, Maccagno M, Petrillo G, Scapolla C, Tavani C. On the behavior of bis(sulfonyl)nitrobutadienes towards primary amines: a convenient access to 1-alkyl-2-aryl-4-(phenylsulfonyl)pyrroles. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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7
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Solé D, Pérez-Janer F, Zulaica E, Guastavino JF, Fernández I. Pd-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Sulfones in a Three-Component Synthesis of 3-[2-(Phenyl/methylsulfonyl)ethyl]indoles. ACS Catal 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solé
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ferran Pérez-Janer
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Zulaica
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier F. Guastavino
- Laboratori
de Química Orgànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Israel Fernández
- Departamento
de Química Orgánica I, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas,
Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO−CINQA), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Bianchi L, Carloni-Garaventa A, Maccagno M, Pani M, Petrillo G, Scapolla C, Tavani C. Synthesis of poly-functionalized pyrazoles and pyridazines from nitrobutadienes: an interesting dichotomy of practical relevance. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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9
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Bianchi L, Maccagno M, Pani M, Petrillo G, Scapolla C, Tavani C. A straight access to functionalized carbazoles by tandem reaction between indole and nitrobutadienes. Tetrahedron 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.05.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Arenes and Hetarenes in Reactions with unsaturated Nitro Compounds (Review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-014-1514-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Bianchi L, Maccagno M, Petrillo G, Scapolla C, Tavani C, Tirocco A. Ring-Opening/Ring-Closing Protocols from Nitrothiophenes: Easy Access toN-Fused Pyrroles through a Tandem 1,6-H Shift/6π-Electrocyclization. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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12
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Armstrong EL, Grover HK, Kerr MA. Scandium Triflate-Catalyzed Nucleophilic Additions to Indolylmethyl Meldrum’s Acid Derivatives via a Gramine-Type Fragmentation: Synthesis of Substituted Indolemethanes. J Org Chem 2013; 78:10534-40. [DOI: 10.1021/jo4017524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erin L. Armstrong
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Huck K. Grover
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
| | - Michael A. Kerr
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7
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13
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Bianchi L, Ghelfi F, Giorgi G, Maccagno M, Petrillo G, Spinelli D, Stenta M, Tavani C. Uncommon 1,2-Migration of a Nitro Group Within a β-Nitrostyryl Moiety: Synthetic Scope and Mechanistic Details. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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14
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Ballini R, Araújo N, Gil MV, Román E, Serrano JA. Conjugated nitrodienes. Synthesis and reactivity. Chem Rev 2013; 113:3493-515. [PMID: 23308356 DOI: 10.1021/cr2002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Ballini
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, via S. Agostino 1, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
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Highly-substituted pyrazoles and pyridazines by MIRC reactions of hydrazone anions and nitrobutadienic fragments. Tetrahedron Lett 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2012.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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