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Seipp K, Geske L, Opatz T. Marine Pyrrole Alkaloids. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:514. [PMID: 34564176 PMCID: PMC8471394 DOI: 10.3390/md19090514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen heterocycles are essential parts of the chemical machinery of life and often reveal intriguing structures. They are not only widespread in terrestrial habitats but can also frequently be found as natural products in the marine environment. This review highlights the important class of marine pyrrole alkaloids, well-known for their diverse biological activities. A broad overview of the marine pyrrole alkaloids with a focus on their isolation, biological activities, chemical synthesis, and derivatization covering the decade from 2010 to 2020 is provided. With relevant structural subclasses categorized, this review shall provide a clear and timely synopsis of this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Till Opatz
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry Section, Johannes Gutenberg University, Duesbergweg 10–14, 55128 Mainz, Germany; (K.S.); (L.G.)
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2
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Nishimura K, Hanzawa R, Sugai T, Fuwa H. Ruthenium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Double Hydrofunctionalization of Alkynes. Synthesis of Spirocyclic Hemiaminal Ethers and Their Lewis Acid-Mediated Cleavage/Nucleophilic Addition. J Org Chem 2021; 86:6674-6697. [PMID: 33861607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[RuCl2(p-cymene)]2/AgNO3-catalyzed intramolecular double hydrofunctionalization of internal alkynes having nitrogen and oxygen nucleophilic groups at appropriate positions provided a series of spirocyclic hemiaminal ether derivatives in good to excellent yields. The product spiro-hemiaminal ethers underwent Lewis acid-mediated chemoselective cleavage, and in situ-generated iminium/oxocarbenium ions could be trapped with nucleophiles to afford a range of nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Nishimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Ryohei Hanzawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Tomoya Sugai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Fuwa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, 1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8551, Japan
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Ishihara J, Hatakeyama S, Yamamoto K, Morii Y, Suga A, Komine K, Fukuda H. Synthetic Studies on Marineosins Based on a Direct Coupling Reaction of Pyrrole and δ-Lactone. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-19-14123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Lu W, Kancharla P, Reynolds KA. MarH, a Bifunctional Enzyme Involved in the Condensation and Hydroxylation Steps of the Marineosin Biosynthetic Pathway. Org Lett 2017; 19:1298-1301. [PMID: 28271893 PMCID: PMC8168799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A novel bifunctional enzyme, MarH, has been identified, and its key functional role in the marineosin biosynthesis successfully probed. MarH catalyzes (1) a condensation step between 4-methoxy-2,2'-bipyrrole-5-carboxaldehyde (MBC) and 2-undecylpyrrole (UP) to form undecylprodiginine (UPG) and (2) hydroxylation of the alkyl chain of UPG to form the (S)-23-hydroxyundecylprodiginine (HUPG), which is essential for MarG catalyzed bicyclization toward the formation of an unusual spiro-tetrahydropyran-aminal ring of marineosins. The final enigmatic steps in the marineosin biosynthesis have now been deciphered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Papireddy Kancharla
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
| | - Kevin A. Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, USA
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Guang Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Yian Shi
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of
Molecular Recognition and Function, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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6
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Grammatikopoulou M, Thysiadis S, Sarli V. Gold-catalyzed spiro-N,O-ketal synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1169-78. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02050b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient method for the synthesis of spiro-N,O-ketals with 5- and 6-membered rings was developed via a gold-catalyzed spiroamidoketalization of alkynyl amidoalcohols under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Grammatikopoulou
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- University Campus
- 54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - S. Thysiadis
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- University Campus
- 54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
| | - V. Sarli
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
- University Campus
- 54124 Thessaloniki
- Greece
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7
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Kancharla P, Lu W, Salem SM, Kelly JX, Reynolds KA. Stereospecific synthesis of 23-hydroxyundecylprodiginines and analogues and conversion to antimalarial premarineosins via a Rieske oxygenase catalyzed bicyclization. J Org Chem 2014; 79:11674-89. [PMID: 25380131 PMCID: PMC4260665 DOI: 10.1021/jo5023553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Facile and highly efficient synthetic routes for the synthesis of (S)- and (R)-23-hydroxyundecylprodiginines ((23S)-2, and (23R)-2), 23-ketoundecylprodiginine (3), and deuterium-labeled 23-hydroxyundecylprodiginine ([23-d]-2) have been developed. We demonstrated a novel Rieske oxygenase MarG catalyzed stereoselective bicyclization of (23S)-2 to premarineosin A (4), a key step in the tailoring process of the biosynthesis of marineosins, using a marG heterologous expression system. The synthesis of various A-C-ring functionalized prodiginines 32-41 was achieved to investigate the substrate promiscuity of MarG. The two analogues 32 and 33 exhibit antimalarial and cytotoxic activities stronger than those of the marineosin intermediate 2, against Plasmodium falciparum strains (CQ(S)-D6, CQ(R)-Dd2, and 7G8) and hepatocellular HepG2 cancer cell line, respectively. Feeding of 34-36 to Streptomyces venezuelae expressing marG led to production of novel premarineosins, paving a way for the production of marineosin analogues via a combinatorial synthetic/biosynthetic approach. This study presents the first example of oxidative bicyclization mediated by a Rieske oxygenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papireddy Kancharla
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Wanli Lu
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Shaimaa M. Salem
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Jane Xu Kelly
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department
of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Kevin A. Reynolds
- Department
of Chemistry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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8
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Pal’chikov VA, Robertson J. Efficient procedure for the preparation of 2-bromo-5-ethylfuran and its unexpected isomerization. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s107042801409022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Kalaitzakis D, Antonatou E, Vassilikogiannakis G. One-pot synthesis of 1-azaspiro frameworks initiated by photooxidation of simple furans. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:400-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc47690a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Cai XC, Snider BB. Synthesis of the spiroiminal moiety and approaches to the synthesis of marineosins A and B. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12161-75. [PMID: 24199754 PMCID: PMC3885995 DOI: 10.1021/jo402178r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A short and efficient synthesis of model spiroiminals that have the same stereochemistry as marineosins A and B, but different conformations, was carried out in six or seven steps from 6-methyltetrahydropyran-2-one. These spiroiminals were also prepared biomimetically by reduction of an enol ether. A more highly substituted spiroiminal with the same stereochemistry and conformation as marineosin A was prepared in 11 steps from parasorbic acid. A macrocyclic pyrrole lactone was prepared stereospecifically in 10 steps. A five-step sequence converted the lactone to a late hemi-iminal intermediate that has resisted the methylation and spiroiminal formation that would lead to marineosin A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chuan Cai
- Department of Chemistry, MS 015, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
| | - Barry B. Snider
- Department of Chemistry, MS 015, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02454-9110, United States
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Aldrich LN, Berry CB, Bates BS, Konkol LC, So M, Lindsley CW. Towards the Total Synthesis of Marineosin A: Construction of the Macrocyclic Pyrrole and an Advanced, Functionalized Spiroaminal Model. European J Org Chem 2013; 2013. [PMID: 24415906 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the enantioselective construction of the 12-membered macrocyclic pyrrole core 4 of marineosin A in 5.1% overall yield from (S)-propylene oxide. The route features a key Stetter reaction to install a 1,4-diketone, which is then subjected to Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis and ring closing metathesis (RCM) to afford macrocycle 4. A divergence point in the synthetic scheme also enabled access to a highly functionalized spiroaminal model system 8 via an acid-mediated hydroxyketoamide cyclization strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie N Aldrich
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6600 (USA)
| | - Cynthia B Berry
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6600 (USA)
| | - Brittney S Bates
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6600 (USA)
| | - Leah C Konkol
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6600 (USA)
| | - Miranda So
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-6600 (USA)
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Departments of Pharmacology & Chemistry, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, 12415D MRBIV, Vanderbilt University Medical Center
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