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Bouzina A, Aouf Z, Amira A, Bouone YO, Bentoumi H, Chemam Y, Ibrahim-Ouali M, Zerrouki R, Aouf NE. Recent Advances in the Mitsunobu and Related Reactions: A Review from 2010 to 2024. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2025; 383:15. [PMID: 40097732 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-025-00501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2025] [Indexed: 03/19/2025]
Abstract
This review discusses recent progress in the most significant synthetic approaches involving transformations under the Mitsunobu reaction. The Mitsunobu reaction entails the "redox" condensation of an acidic pronucleophile 'Nu-H' and an electrophilic primary or secondary alcohol, facilitated by stoichiometric amounts of phosphines and azodicarboxylate reagents. Widely utilized for dehydrative oxidation-reduction condensation, this reaction shows synthetic utility through its tolerance of a broad range of acidic pronucleophiles, including carboxylic acids, pro-imides, hydroxamates, phenols, thiols, fluorinated alcohols, oximes, thioamides, pyridinium and imidazolium salts, pyrimidine bases, α-ketoesters, and trimethylmethane tricarboxylate, thereby yielding a variety of functional and potentially biologically active compounds. The purpose of this review is to focus on recent advances and applications of Mitsunobu reaction chemistry, particularly from 2010 to 2024. In addition to discussing newer reagents that facilitate purification, we will describe contemporary applications of this chemistry, especially concerning the synthesis of potential biological compounds and their precursors. This focus review of the Mitsunobu reaction summarizes its origins, the current understanding of its mechanism, and recent improvements and applications. We aim for this work to serve as a useful resource for scientists working in this research domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslem Bouzina
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria.
| | - Zineb Aouf
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Aϊcha Amira
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
- Preparatory Classes Department, National Higher School of Technology and Engineering, 23005, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Yousra Ouafa Bouone
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Houria Bentoumi
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | - Yasmine Chemam
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria
| | | | | | - Nour-Eddine Aouf
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry Group, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, Badji Mokhtar-Annaba University, Box 12, 23000, Annaba, Algeria.
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Lu M, Fan H, Liu Q, Sun X. A Facile Synthetic Method for Anhydride from Carboxylic Acid with the Promotion of Triphenylphosphine Oxide and Oxaloyl Chloride. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34352-34358. [PMID: 36188305 PMCID: PMC9520564 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient synthesis reaction of carboxylic anhydrides catalyzed by triphenylphosphine oxide is described for the quick synthesis of a range of symmetric carboxylic anhydrides and cyclic anhydrides under mild and neutral conditions with a high yield. The system adopts the strong reactive intermediate Ph3PCl2 as the catalyst of carboxylic acid salt; driven by catalytic reaction, the synthesis takes a relatively short time to complete.
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Shigetomi K, Sakakibara Y, Sai Y, Uraki Y, Ubukata M. A New Template of MIitsunobu Acylate Cleavable in Non-Alkaline Conditions. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/com-21-14562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Das D, Rajkumari K, Rokhum L. Polymer-Bound Triphenylphosphine and 4,4'-Dinitroazobenzene as a Coupling Reagents for Chromatography-Free Esterification Reaction. Curr Org Synth 2020; 16:1024-1031. [PMID: 31984883 DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190919152424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Sustainable production of fine chemicals both in industries and pharmaceuticals heavily depends on the application of solid-phase synthesis route coupled with microwave technologies due to their environmentally benign nature. In this report, a microwave-assisted esterification reaction using polymer-bound triphenylphosphine and 4,4'-dinitroazobenzene reagent system was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The solvents were obtained from Merck India. Polymer-bound triphenylphosphine (~3 mmol triphenylphosphine moiety/g) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. The progress of the reaction was observed by thin-layer chromatography. All the reactions were performed in Milestones StartSYNTH microwave. The NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker Avance III 300, 400, and 500 MHz FT NMR Spectrometers. Using azo compound and polymer-bound triphenyl phosphine as a coupling reagent, esterification of different carboxylic acids with alcohols was performed under microwave irradiation. RESULTS Esterification of benzoic acid with 1-propanol under microwave irradiation gave a high yield of 92% propyl benzoate in 60 minutes only. Isolation of the ester products was relatively simple as both the byproducts polymer-bound triphenylphosphine oxide and hydrazine could be removed by simple filtration. The rates of reactions were found to be directly proportional to the pKa of the benzoic acids. CONCLUSION 4,4'-Dinitroazobenzene was introduced as a novel coupling reagent, in conjugation with polymer-bound triphenylphosphine, for esterification reactions under microwave irradiation. The low moisture sensitivity of the reaction system, easy separation of the byproducts, and column chromatographyfree isolation of esters help our methods with application significance, particularly from the 'Sustainable Chemistry' perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diparjun Das
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
| | - Kalyani Rajkumari
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
| | - Lalthazuala Rokhum
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Silchar 788010, Assam, India
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Jacobs L, de Kock C, Taylor D, Pelly SC, Blackie MA. Synthesis of five libraries of 6,5-fused heterocycles to establish the importance of the heterocyclic core for antiplasmodial activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:5730-5741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Schmidt MA, Simmons EM, Wei CS, Park H, Eastgate MD. An Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Duocarmycin SA. J Org Chem 2018; 83:3928-3940. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Szigeti M, Dobi Z, Soós T. The Goldilocks Principle in Phase Labeling. Minimalist and Orthogonal Phase Tagging for Chromatography-Free Mitsunobu Reaction. J Org Chem 2018; 83:2869-2874. [PMID: 29378404 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An inexpensive and chromatography-free Mitsunobu methodology has been developed using low molecular weight and orthogonally phase-tagged reagents, a tert-butyl-tagged highly apolar phosphine, and a water-soluble DIAD analogue. The byproduct of the Mitsunobu reactions can be removed by sequential liquid-liquid extractions using traditional solvents such as hexanes, MeOH, water, and EtOAc. Owing to the orthogonal phase labeling, the spent reagents can be regenerated. This new variant of the Mitsunobu reaction promises to provide an alternative and complementary solution for the well-known separation problem of the Mitsunobu reaction without having to resort to expensive, large molecular weight reagents and chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariann Szigeti
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Dobi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre of Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary
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Jia M, Jiang L, Niu F, Zhang Y, Sun X. A novel and highly efficient esterification process using triphenylphosphine oxide with oxalyl chloride. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171988. [PMID: 29515897 PMCID: PMC5830786 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Triphenylphosphine oxide (TPPO) and oxalyl chloride ((COCl)2) are used as novel and high-efficiency coupling reagents for the esterification of alcohols with carboxylic acids via the TPPO/(COCl)2 system at room temperature for 1 h. The reaction represents the first TPPO-promoted esterification under mild and neutral conditions with excellent yields. Furthermore, we proposed a plausible mechanism with the help of 31P NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoling Sun
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 201418, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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White DR, Herman MI, Wolfe JP. Palladium-Catalyzed Alkene Carboalkoxylation Reactions of Phenols and Alcohols for the Synthesis of Carbocycles. Org Lett 2017; 19:4311-4314. [PMID: 28787170 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b01975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Intermolecular alkene difunctionalization reactions between terminal alkenes bearing a pendant aryl or alkenyl triflate electrophile and exogenous alcohol or phenol nucleophiles are described. These transformations afford substituted indanyl or alkylidenecyclopentyl ethers in high yield with excellent diastereoselectivity. The transformations proceed through intermolecular capture of an intermediate [Pd(II)-alkene]+[OTf]- complex by the alcohol or phenol nucleophile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick R White
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Madeline I Herman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - John P Wolfe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
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Xie J, Xu C, Dai Q, Wang X, Xu G, Chen Y, Dai L. Synthesis and application of a novel asymmetric azo reagent: 1-( tert -butyl)-2-(4-chlorobenzyl) azodicarboxylate (tBCAD). Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Van Eker D, Chauhan J, Murphy WA, Conlon IL, Fletcher S. Chromatography-free, Mitsunobu-triggered heterocyclizations of salicylhydroxamic acids to 3-hydroxybenzisoxazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lepitre T, Denhez C, Sanselme M, Othman M, Lawson AM, Daïch A. Original Mitsunobu-Triggered Sequence Involved in a One-Pot Domino Process toward Tetracyclic Systems Bearing a Bis-N,O-acetal Junction. J Org Chem 2016; 81:8837-8849. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lepitre
- Normandie Univ,
France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Clement Denhez
- Université
de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire
de Reims, CNRS UMR 7312, UFR de Pharmacie, 51 rue Cognacq-Jay, 51096 Cedex Reims, France
- Multiscale
Molecular Modeling Platform, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, F-51687 Cedex 2 Reims, France
| | - Morgane Sanselme
- Normandie Univ,
France; UNIROUEN, Laboratoire SMS EA3233, 1 rue Tesniere, France, F-76821 Mont Saint Aignan, France
| | - Mohamed Othman
- Normandie Univ,
France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Ata Martin Lawson
- Normandie Univ,
France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600 Le Havre, France
| | - Adam Daïch
- Normandie Univ,
France, UNILEHAVRE, URCOM, EA 3221, FR 3038 CNRS, F-76600 Le Havre, France
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Synthesis of fluorinated aryl ethers via selective C–F functionalization with polyfluorobenzenes and carbonates under mild conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Zhu H, Shen Y, Deng Q, Tu T. Copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination of sodium sulfinates at room temperature. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:16573-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06069a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Copper-catalyzed electrophilic amination of sodium sulfinates for the synthesis of sulfonamides using O-benzoyl hydroxylamines at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yajing Shen
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Qinyue Deng
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Tao Tu
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry
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Abstract
Recent advancements in the condensation of alcohols with pronucleophiles by the Mitsunobu reaction are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Fletcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- University of Maryland School of Pharmacy
- Baltimore
- USA
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center
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Tsakos M, Schaffert ES, Clement LL, Villadsen NL, Poulsen TB. Ester coupling reactions – an enduring challenge in the chemical synthesis of bioactive natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2015; 32:605-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c4np00106k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In this review we investigate the use of complex ester fragment couplings within natural product total syntheses. Using examples from the literature up to 2014 we illustrate the state-of-the-art as well as the challenges within this area of organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail Tsakos
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Eva S. Schaffert
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Lise L. Clement
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Nikolaj L. Villadsen
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Thomas B. Poulsen
- Chemical Biology Laboratory
- Department of Chemistry
- Aarhus University
- Aarhus C
- Denmark
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Whiting E, Lanning ME, Scheenstra JA, Fletcher S. Chromatography-Free Entry to Substituted Salicylonitriles: Mitsunobu-Triggered Domino Reactions of Salicylaldoximes. J Org Chem 2014; 80:1229-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jo502396u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellis Whiting
- School
of Chemistry, University of Cardiff, Cardiff CF10 3AT, U.K
| | - Maryanna E. Lanning
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Jacob A. Scheenstra
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Steven Fletcher
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 N. Pine Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Cancer Center, 22 S. Greene Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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Furkert DP, Breitenbach B, Juen L, Sroka I, Pantin M, Brimble MA. Nonsymmetrical Azocarbonamide Carboxylates as Effective Mitsunobu Reagents. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201403152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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