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Chen ZF, Zhao JM, Li HL, Chen HY, Xi GL, Zhang LK, Wang QF, Wang QL, Zhao YZ, Yang K. Highly efficient multigram synthesis of 1,4:3,6-Dianhydro-α-D-glucopyranose by chemical synthesis methods: Development and scale-up study of synthetic routes. Carbohydr Res 2025; 551:109402. [PMID: 39923607 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2025.109402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2024] [Revised: 01/18/2025] [Accepted: 01/21/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Abstract
A reliable chemical synthesis method for the preparation of 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-α-D-glucopyranose (DGP) has been developed on the first time, with an overall four-step yield of 20 % on a 200g scale. The method for 2-OH regioselective benzylation protection of Methyl α-d-glucopyranoside was systematically optimized, providing a more scalable and cost-effective approach. The 3,6-anhydro pyranose intermediate was obtained through a two-step one-pot process. It has been confirmed that 2-OH protection enhanced the ring stability of 3,6-anhydro pyranose and also found that the conformation of 3,6-anhydro pyranose indeed promoted the construction of 1,4-ether bonds. Overall, this work facilitated further application research of DGP in the fields of chemical synthesis, medicinal chemistry, and food chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fei Chen
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Jia-Ming Zhao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Hao-Liang Li
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Hao-Yang Chen
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Gao-Lei Xi
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Liu-Ke Zhang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Qing-Fu Wang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China
| | - Qiu-Ling Wang
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China.
| | - Yong-Zhen Zhao
- Technology Center, China Tobacco Henan Industrial Limited Company, Zhengzhou, 450002, PR China.
| | - Kai Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, PR China.
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2
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Lu L, Chen J, Tao W, Wang Z, Liu D, Zhou J, Wu X, Sun H, Li W, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, Zhao B, Wu L, Xie W. Design and Synthesis of Sulfonium Derivatives: A Novel Class of α-Glucosidase Inhibitors with Potent In Vivo Antihyperglycemic Activities. J Med Chem 2023; 66:3484-3498. [PMID: 36812150 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first attempt of double-spot structural modification on a side-chain moiety of sulfonium-type α-glucosidase inhibitors isolated from genus Salacia. A series of sulfonium salts with benzylidene acetal linkage at the C3' and C5' positions were designed and synthesized. In vitro enzyme inhibition evaluation showed that compounds with a strong electron-withdrawing group attached at the ortho position on the phenyl ring present stronger inhibitory activities. Notably, the most potent inhibitor 21b (1.0 mpk) can exhibit excellent hypoglycemic effects in mice, which can still compete with those of acarbose (20.0 mpk). Molecular docking of 21b demonstrated that besides conventional interacting patterns, the newly introduced benzylidene acetal moiety plays an important role in anchoring the whole molecule in a concave pocket of the enzyme. The successful identification of 21b as a lead compound for new drug discovery may provide a means for structure modification and diversification of the distinguished sulfonium-type α-glucosidase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jingyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wenxiang Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zhimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jiahui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Haopeng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashiosaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Bo Zhao
- Department of Chemical and Material Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Liang Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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3
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Elongation of the side chain by linear alkyl groups increases the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from the Ayurvedic traditional medicine "Salacia," against human intestinal maltase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 33:127751. [PMID: 33347966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Four chain-extended analogs (12a-12d) and two related de-O-sulfonated analogs (13a and 13c) by introducing alkyl groups (a: R = C3H7, b R = C6H13, c: R = C8H17, d: R = C10H21) to the side chains of salacinol (1), a natural α-glucosidase inhibitor from Ayurvedic traditional medicine "Salacia", were synthesized. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of all the synthesized analogs were evaluated in vitro. Against human intestinal maltase, the inhibitory activities of 12a and 13a with seven-carbon side chain were equal to that of 1. In contrast, analogs (12b-12d, and 13c) exhibited higher level of inhibitory activity against the same enzyme than 1 and had equal or higher potency than those of the clinically used anti-diabetics, voglibose, acarbose, and miglitol. Thus, elongation of the side chains of 1 was effective for specifically increasing the inhibitory activity against human intestinal maltase.
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4
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Lu L, Li X, Yang Y, Xie W. Recent Progress in the Construction of Natural De-O-Sulfonated Sulfonium Sugars with Antidiabetic Activities. Chemistry 2019; 25:13458-13471. [PMID: 31314135 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A group of sulfonium salts equipped with a polyhydroxylated side-chain structure have been isolated and identified as potent α-glycosidase inhibitors. Consequently, they have become an attractive target in diverse research disciplines, including organic synthesis, drug discovery, and chemical biology. To this end, the development of practical and effective synthetic strategies, especially for more bioactive de-O-sulfonated sulfonium salts, is a significant research area in organic synthesis. An ideal synthetic methodology should provide easily accessible intermediates with high chemical stability for the key coupling reaction to diastereoselectively construct the sulfonium cation center. This minireview summarizes recently developed strategies applied in the construction of natural de-O-sulfonated sulfonium sugars: 1) acid-catalyzed de-O-sulfonation of sulfonium sulfate inner salts, 2) a coupling reaction between side-chain fragments containing leaving groups and a thiosugar, 3) a coupling reaction between side-chain fragments containing epoxide structures and a thiosugar, and 4) a two-step sequential SN 2 nucleophilic substitution between side-chain fragments containing thiol groups and a diiodide derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yao Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, 210046, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM), Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P.R. China
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5
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Huang Y, Gao Y, He W, Wang Z, Li W, Lin A, Xu J, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, Wu X, Xie W. Practical Route to Neokotalanol and Its Natural Analogues: Sulfonium Sugars with Antidiabetic Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:6400-6404. [PMID: 30815962 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201900761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and divergent approach toward the synthesis of all four de-O-sulfonated sulfonium type α-glucosidase inhibitors, originally isolated from plants of genus Salacia, is reported for the first time. The key strategy features a coupling reaction between thiol derivatives and a diiodide counterpart. The newly designed thiol coupling partner presents high chemical stability, while the diiodide partner could be easily obtained with increased overall yields compared with conventional routes. The intermolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction followed by a diastereoselective intramolecular cyclization provided the target five-member sulfonium salt structure, which was connected in an α-orientation to a polyhydroxylated side-chain moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Weigang He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kinki University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, 577-8502, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
| | - Weijia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, P. R. China
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6
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Huang Y, Gao Y, He W, Wang Z, Li W, Lin A, Xu J, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, Wu X, Xie W. Practical Route to Neokotalanol and Its Natural Analogues: Sulfonium Sugars with Antidiabetic Activities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201900761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Weigang He
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Genzoh Tanabe
- Faculty of PharmacyKinki University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502 Osaka Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Faculty of PharmacyKinki University 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka 577-8502 Osaka Japan
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Weijia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines (SKLNM) and Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacyChina Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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7
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Liu Z, Ma S. Recent Advances in Synthetic α-Glucosidase Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2017; 12:819-829. [PMID: 28498640 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyang Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; 44 West Culture Road Jinan 250012 P.R. China
| | - Shutao Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education); School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Shandong University; 44 West Culture Road Jinan 250012 P.R. China
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Aijun Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Jinyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry; China Pharmaceutical University; 24 Tong Jia Xiang Nanjing 210009 P. R. China
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9
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Tanabe G, Xie W, Balakishan G, Amer MFA, Tsutsui N, Takemura H, Nakamura S, Akaki J, Ninomiya K, Morikawa T, Nakanishi I, Muraoka O. Hydrophobic substituents increase the potency of salacinol, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor from Ayurvedic traditional medicine 'Salacia'. Bioorg Med Chem 2016; 24:3705-15. [PMID: 27325449 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Using an in silico method, seven analogs bearing hydrophobic substituents (8a: Me, 8b: Et, 8c: n-Pent, 8d: n-Hept, 8e: n-Tridec, 8f: isoBu and 8g: neoPent) at the 3'-O-position in salacinol (1), a highly potent natural α-glucosidase inhibitor from Ayurvedic traditional medicine 'Salacia', were designed and synthesized. In order to verify the computational SAR assessments, their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were evaluated in vitro. All analogs (8a-8g) exhibited an equal or considerably higher level of inhibitory activity against rat small intestinal α-glucosidases compared with the original sulfonate (1), and were as potent as or higher in potency than the clinically used anti-diabetics, voglibose, acarbose or miglitol. Their activities against human maltase exhibited good relationships to the results obtained with enzymes of rat origin. Among the designed compounds, the one with a 3'-O-neopentyl moiety (8g) was most potent, with an approximately ten fold increase in activity against human maltase compared to 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genzoh Tanabe
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Weijia Xie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjia Xiang, Nanjing, Jiang su 210009, PR China
| | - Gorre Balakishan
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Telangana University, Nizamabad 503322, Telangana State, India
| | - Mumen F A Amer
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Al Arab St 21, Amman 11931, Jordan
| | - Nozomi Tsutsui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Haruka Takemura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Shinya Nakamura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Junji Akaki
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Isao Nakanishi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan
| | - Osamu Muraoka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan; Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka 577-8502, Japan.
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10
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Tanabe G, Matsuda Y, Oka M, Kunikata Y, Tsutsui N, Xie W, Balakishan G, Amer MFA, Marumoto S, Muraoka O. Highly Diastereoselective Route to α-Glucosidase Inhibitors, Neosalacinol and Neoponkoranol. J Org Chem 2016; 81:3407-15. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Weija Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
| | - Gorre Balakishan
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Telangana University, Nizamabad 503322, Telangana State, India
| | - Mumen F. A. Amer
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Al Arab St 21, Amman 11931, Jordan
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11
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Liu D, He W, Wang Z, Liu L, Wang C, Zhang C, Wang C, Wang Y, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, Wu X, Wu L, Xie W. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 3′-benzylated analogs of 3′-epi-neoponkoranol as potent α-glucosidase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 110:224-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Mechanism-based candidate inhibitors of uridine diphosphate galactopyranose mutase (UGM). Carbohydr Res 2015; 419:1-7. [PMID: 26595659 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Uridine diphosphate-galactopyranose mutase (UGM), an enzyme found in many eukaryotic and prokaryotic human pathogens, catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-galactopyranose (UDP-Galp) and UDP-galactofuranose (UDP-Galf), the latter being used as the biosynthetic precursor of the galactofuranose polymer portion of the mycobacterium cell wall. We report here the synthesis of a sulfonium and selenonium ion with an appended polyhydroxylated side chain. These compounds were designed as transition state mimics of the UGM-catalyzed reaction, where the head groups carrying a permanent positive charge were designed to mimic both the shape and positive charge of the proposed galactopyranosyl cation-like transition state. An HPLC-based UGM inhibition assay indicated that the compounds inhibited about 25% of UGM activity at 500 µM concentration.
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13
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Liu L, Wang CQ, Liu D, He WG, Xu JY, Lin AJ, Yao HQ, Tanabe G, Muraoka O, Xie WJ, Wu XM. Construction of 3,6-anhydrohexosides via intramolecular cyclization of triflates and its application to the synthesis of natural product isolated from leaves of Sauropus rostratus. Org Lett 2014; 16:5004-7. [PMID: 25221862 DOI: 10.1021/ol5022838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel synthetic approach to construct various 3,6-anhydrohexosides via an intramolecular cyclization of corresponding triflates is described. The nucleophilic attack from C3 p-methoxybenzylated hydroxyl to C6 trifluoromethanesulfonate on triflate structures triggered the cyclization reaction to provide 3,6-anhydrohexosides in excellent yields, making the strategy more efficient with respect to the reported protocols. By applying this methodology, a concise first total synthesis of natural product isolated from leaves of Sauropus rostratus was accomplished.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing 210009, P. R. China
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14
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Liu Q, Guo T, Li D, Li F, Li W. Synthesis and evaluation of several oleanolic acid glycoconjugates as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2014; 79:34-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.03.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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