1
|
Lai W, Zhao S, Lai Q, Zhou W, Wu M, Jiang X, Wang X, Peng Y, Wei X, Ouyang L, Gou L, Chen H, Wang Y, Yang J. Design, Synthesis, and Bioevaluation of a Novel Hybrid Molecular Pyrrolobenzodiazepine-Anthracenecarboxyimide as a Payload for Antibody-Drug Conjugate. J Med Chem 2022; 65:11679-11702. [PMID: 35982539 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of hybrid molecules combining pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD) and anthracenecarboxyimide pharmacophores were designed, synthesized, and tested for in vitro cytotoxicity against various cancer cell lines. The most potent compound from this series, 37b3, exhibited a subnanomolar level of cytotoxicity with an IC50 of 0.17-0.94 nM. 37b3 induced DNA damage and led to tumor cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We employed 37b3 as a payload to conjugate with trastuzumab to obtain the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) T-PBA. T-PBA maintained its mode of target and internalization ability of trastuzumab. We demonstrated that T-PBA could be degraded through the lysosomal pathway to release the payload 37b3 after internalization. T-PBA showed a powerful killing effect on Her2-positive cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, T-PBA significantly inhibited tumor growth in gastric and ovarian cancer xenograft mouse models without overt toxicity. Collectively, these studies suggest that T-PBA represents a promising new ADC that deserves further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Shengyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Qinhuai Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Mengdan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Yujia Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xian Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Lantu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163 Tennessee, United States
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China.,Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Jinliang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Institute of Respiratory Health, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bléry M, Mrabet-Kraiem M, Morel A, Lhospice F, Bregeon D, Bonnafous C, Gauthier L, Rossi B, Remark R, Cornen S, Anceriz N, Viaud N, Trichard S, Carpentier S, Joulin-Giet A, Grondin G, Liptakova V, Kim Y, Daniel L, Haffner A, Macagno N, Pouyet L, Perrot I, Paturel C, Morel Y, Steinle A, Romagné F, Narni-Mancinelli E, Vivier E. Targeting MICA/B with cytotoxic therapeutic antibodies leads to tumor control. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2021; 1:107. [PMID: 35967081 PMCID: PMC7613279 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13314.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: MICA and MICB are tightly regulated stress-induced proteins that trigger the immune system by binding to the activating receptor NKG2D on cytotoxic lymphocytes. MICA and MICB are highly polymorphic molecules with prevalent expression on several types of solid tumors and limited expression in normal/healthy tissues, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Methods: We have generated a series of anti-MICA and MICB cross-reactive antibodies with the unique feature of binding to the most prevalent isoforms of both these molecules. Results: The anti-MICA and MICB antibody MICAB1, a human IgG1 Fc-engineered monoclonal antibody (mAb), displayed potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of MICA/B-expressing tumor cells in vitro. However, it showed insufficient efficiency against solid tumors in vivo, which prompted the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). Indeed, optimal tumor control was achieved with MICAB1-ADC format in several solid tumor models, including patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and carcinogen-induced tumors in immunocompetent MICAgen transgenic mice. Conclusions: These data indicate that MICA and MICB are promising targets for cytotoxic immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Veronika Liptakova
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laurent Daniel
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Haffner
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Macagno
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Steinle
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bléry M, Mrabet-Kraiem M, Morel A, Lhospice F, Bregeon D, Bonnafous C, Gauthier L, Rossi B, Remark R, Cornen S, Anceriz N, Viaud N, Trichard S, Carpentier S, Joulin-Giet A, Grondin G, Liptakova V, Kim Y, Daniel L, Haffner A, Macagno N, Pouyet L, Perrot I, Paturel C, Morel Y, Steinle A, Romagné F, Narni-Mancinelli E, Vivier E. Targeting MICA/B with cytotoxic therapeutic antibodies leads to tumor control. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2021; 1:107. [PMID: 35967081 PMCID: PMC7613279 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13314.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Background: MICA and MICB are tightly regulated stress-induced proteins that trigger the immune system by binding to the activating receptor NKG2D on cytotoxic lymphocytes. MICA and MICB are highly polymorphic molecules with prevalent expression on several types of solid tumors and limited expression in normal/healthy tissues, making them attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. Methods: We have generated a series of anti-MICA and MICB cross-reactive antibodies with the unique feature of binding to the most prevalent isoforms of both these molecules. Results: The anti-MICA and MICB antibody MICAB1, a human IgG1 Fc-engineered monoclonal antibody (mAb), displayed potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) of MICA/B-expressing tumor cells in vitro. However, it showed insufficient efficiency against solid tumors in vivo, which prompted the development of antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). Indeed, optimal tumor control was achieved with MICAB1-ADC format in several solid tumor models, including patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and carcinogen-induced tumors in immunocompetent MICAgen transgenic mice. Conclusions: These data indicate that MICA and MICB are promising targets for cytotoxic immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Veronika Liptakova
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Younghoon Kim
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Laurent Daniel
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Haffner
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Macagno
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Steinle
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma, Marseille, France
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nudelman A. Dimeric Drugs. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:2751-2845. [PMID: 34375175 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210810124159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This review intends to summarize the structures of an extensive number of symmetrical-dimeric drugs, having two monomers linked via a bridging entity while emphasizing the large versatility of biologically active substances reported to possess dimeric structures. The largest number of classes of these compounds consist of anticancer agents, antibiotics/antimicrobials, and anti-AIDS drugs. Other symmetrical-dimeric drugs include antidiabetics, antidepressants, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, anticholesterolemics, estrogenics, antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, anti-Parkisonians, laxatives, antiallergy compounds, cannabinoids, etc. Most of the articles reviewed do not compare the activity/potency of the dimers to that of their corresponding monomers. Only in limited cases, various suggestions have been made to justify unexpected higher activity of the dimers vs. the corresponding monomers. These suggestions include statistical effects, the presence of dimeric receptors, binding of a dimer to two receptors simultaneously, and others. It is virtually impossible to predict which dimers will be preferable to their respective monomers, or which linking bridges will lead to the most active compounds. It is expected that the extensive number of articles summarized, and the large variety of substances mentioned, which display various biological activities, should be of interest to many academic and industrial medicinal chemists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Nudelman
- Chemistry Department, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Füssl F, Barry CS, Pugh KM, Chooi KP, Vijayakrishnan B, Kang GD, von Bulow C, Howard PW, Bones J. Simultaneous monitoring of multiple attributes of pyrrolobenzodiazepine antibody-drug conjugates by size exclusion chromatography - high resolution mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 205:114287. [PMID: 34385015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are an emerging class of oncology treatments combining the unique specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the highly cytotoxic properties of small molecule compounds. Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) are highly potent agents capable of inhibiting cellular DNA replication which leads to apoptosis. To ensure efficacy and patient safety upon administration of such toxic and heterogeneous molecules, their structure and quality attributes must be closely monitored. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is a powerful, fast and robust tool for the separation of compounds varying in molecular weight. When using volatile components in the chromatographic mobile phase, SEC has also been shown to be amenable for interfacing to mass spectrometry, providing potential for reliable identification of protein isoforms across the size variants present. Here, we present a SEC-MS method developed for the characterisation of PBD-based ADCs on the intact molecular level. We demonstrate that information on ADC monomers such as the glycoform distribution and the average drug-antibody ratio (DAR) can be obtained in 15 minutes of analysis time. Qualitative and quantitative information on low and high molecular weight impurities such as aggregates and fragments, fundamental for critical quality attribute analysis of biopharmaceuticals, can be generated simultaneously. SEC-MS enables the characterisation of multiple product quality attributes of complex biotherapeutics at the same time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Füssl
- NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Conor S Barry
- Spirogen, a Member of the AstraZeneca Group, QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, E1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn M Pugh
- Spirogen, a Member of the AstraZeneca Group, QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, E1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - K Phin Chooi
- Spirogen, a Member of the AstraZeneca Group, QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, E1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - Balakumar Vijayakrishnan
- Spirogen, a Member of the AstraZeneca Group, QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, E1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - Gyoung-Dong Kang
- Spirogen, a Member of the AstraZeneca Group, QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, E1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - Christina von Bulow
- Spirogen, a Member of the AstraZeneca Group, QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, E1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - Philip W Howard
- Spirogen, a Member of the AstraZeneca Group, QMB Innovation Centre, 42 New Road, London, E1 2AX, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Bones
- NIBRT - The National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Foster Avenue, Mount Merrion, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, A94 X099, Ireland; School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, D04 V1W8, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Haouas A, Mtiraoui H, Bouzayani N, Ibrahim S, Marque S, Hajji M, Bel‐Hadj‐Tahar R, Msaddek M. Synthesis of New Chiral Triazoles Linked 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Conjugates via Copper‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amel Haouas
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Arts Northern Border University Arar Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Mtiraoui
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Products and Reactivity: L.H.C.N.P.R Faculty of Sciences of Monastir University of Monastir Avenue of the environment Monastir 5000 Tunisia
| | - Nadia Bouzayani
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Organic Synthesis and Homogeneous Catalysis UR 11ES56) University of Monastir Faculty of Sciences avenue of the environment Monastir 5000 Tunisia
| | - Sana Ibrahim
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Products and Reactivity: L.H.C.N.P.R Faculty of Sciences of Monastir University of Monastir Avenue of the environment Monastir 5000 Tunisia
| | - Sylvain Marque
- Institut Lavoisier de Versailles Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines 45 avenue des Etats-Unis 78 035 Versailles Cedex France
| | - Melek Hajji
- Research Unit: Electrochemistry Materials and Environment University of Kairouan 3100 Kairouan Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Bel‐Hadj‐Tahar
- King Khalid University College of Science Department of Chemistry 61413 Abha Saudi Arabia
- Photovoltaic Laboratory Research and Technology Center of Energy, Borj-Cedria Science and Technology Park, BP 95 2050 Hammem-Lif Tunisia
| | - Moncef Msaddek
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry Natural Products and Reactivity: L.H.C.N.P.R Faculty of Sciences of Monastir University of Monastir Avenue of the environment Monastir 5000 Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Richardson DL, Seward SM, Moore KN. Antibody Drug Conjugates in the Treatment of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2018; 32:1057-1071. [PMID: 30390760 DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2018.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antibody drug conjugates are novel mechanisms for delivering chemotherapy. They vary based on the targeted antigen, conjugated cytotoxic, and the type of linker used. These differences determine what cells are targeted. There are 2 antibody drug conjugates approved for use in cancer. For epithelial ovarian cancer, more than 15 antibody drug conjugates are under study. Using antibody drug conjugates in epithelial ovarian cancer makes sense. This review discusses promising trial results demonstrating efficacy. Reported toxicities include visual disturbance. There is an absence of significant hematologic toxicity. Overlapping toxicity between standard cytotoxics and antibody drug conjugates includes neuropathy and constitutional symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debra L Richardson
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Institute, The University of Oklahoma, 800 Northeast 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA.
| | - Shelly M Seward
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, 4100 John R Street, Harper Professional Building, Suite 721, Detroit, MI 48070, USA
| | - Kathleen N Moore
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Stephenson Oklahoma Cancer Institute, The University of Oklahoma, 800 Northeast 10th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) represent a promising new class of cancer therapeutics. Currently more than 60 ADCs are in clinical development, however, only very few trials focus on gynecologic malignancies. In this review, we summarize the most recent advances in ADC drug development with an emphasis on how this progress relates to patients diagnosed with gynecologic malignancies and breast cancer. RECENT FINDINGS The cytotoxic payloads of the majority of the ADCs that are currently in clinical trials for gynecologic malignancies or breast cancer are auristatins (MMAE, MMAF), maytansinoids (DM1, DM4), calicheamicin, pyrrolobenzodiazepines and SN-38. Both cleavable and noncleavable linkers are currently being investigated in clinical trials. A number of novel target antigens are currently being validated in ongoing clinical trials including folate receptor alpha, mesothelin, CA-125, NaPi2b, NOTCH3, protein tyrosine kinase-like 7, ephrin-A4, TROP2, CEACAM5, and LAMP1. For most ADCs currently in clinical development, dose-limiting toxicities appear to be unrelated to the targeted antigen but more tightly associated with the payload. Rational drug design involving optimization of the antibody, the linker and the conjugation chemistry is aimed at improving the therapeutic index of new ADCs. SUMMARY Antibody-drug conjugates can increase the efficacy and decrease the toxicity of their payloads in comparison with traditional cyctotoxic agents. A better and quicker translation of recent scientific advances in the field of ADCs into rational clinical trials for patients diagnosed with ovarian, endometrial or cervical cancer could create real improvements in tumor response, survival and quality of life for our patients.
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Tiberghien AC, Gregson SJ, Masterson LA, Levy JN, Kemp GC, Adams LR, Patel NV, Howard PW. An optimised synthesis of SG3376, a non-cleavable antibody-drug conjugate pyrrolobenzodiazepine drug-linker. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
11
|
Hamasharif M, Smith OEP, Curran CJ, Hemming K. N-Alkylation and Aminohydroxylation of 2-Azidobenzenesulfonamide Gives a Pyrrolobenzothiadiazepine Precursor Whereas Attempted N-Alkylation of 2-Azidobenzamide Gives Benzotriazinones and Quinazolinones. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:1222-1231. [PMID: 31457499 PMCID: PMC6640974 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
N-Alkylation of 2-azidobenzenesulfonamide with 5-bromopent-1-ene gave an N-pentenyl sulfonamide, which underwent intramolecular aminohydroxylation to give an N-(2-azidoaryl)sulfonyl prolinol, a precursor for the synthesis of a pyrrolobenzothiadiazepine. The attempted N-alkylation of 2-azidobenzamide gave a separable mixture (∼1:1) of a benzotriazinone and a quinazolinone in a 72% combined yield. Other primary alkyl halides (3 examples) gave similar mixtures of benzotriazinones and quinazolinones. Benzylic, allylic, and secondary and tertiary alkyl halides (5 examples) gave only benzotriazinones in moderate yields. The results of mechanistic studies show the likely involvement of nitrene intermediates in the quinazolinone pathway and a second pathway involving a dimethylsulfoxide or dimethylsulfide-mediated conversion of 2-azidobenzamide into benzotriazinones.
Collapse
|
12
|
Beck A, Goetsch L, Dumontet C, Corvaïa N. Strategies and challenges for the next generation of antibody-drug conjugates. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2017; 16:315-337. [PMID: 28303026 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1353] [Impact Index Per Article: 193.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are one of the fastest growing classes of oncology therapeutics. After half a century of research, the approvals of brentuximab vedotin (in 2011) and trastuzumab emtansine (in 2013) have paved the way for ongoing clinical trials that are evaluating more than 60 further ADC candidates. The limited success of first-generation ADCs (developed in the early 2000s) informed strategies to bring second-generation ADCs to the market, which have higher levels of cytotoxic drug conjugation, lower levels of naked antibodies and more-stable linkers between the drug and the antibody. Furthermore, lessons learned during the past decade are now being used in the development of third-generation ADCs. In this Review, we discuss strategies to select the best target antigens as well as suitable cytotoxic drugs; the design of optimized linkers; the discovery of bioorthogonal conjugation chemistries; and toxicity issues. The selection and engineering of antibodies for site-specific drug conjugation, which will result in higher homogeneity and increased stability, as well as the quest for new conjugation chemistries and mechanisms of action, are priorities in ADC research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alain Beck
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Liliane Goetsch
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), INSERM, 1052/CNRS, 69000 Lyon, France.,University of Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Nathalie Corvaïa
- Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Centre d'Immunologie Pierre Fabre, 5 Avenue Napoleon III, 74160 Saint Julien en Genevois, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mantaj J, Jackson PJM, Rahman KM, Thurston DE. From Anthramycin to Pyrrolobenzodiazepine (PBD)-Containing Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADCs). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:462-488. [PMID: 27862776 PMCID: PMC5215561 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201510610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines (PBDs) are a family of sequence-selective DNA minor-groove binding agents that form a covalent aminal bond between their C11-position and the C2-NH2 groups of guanine bases. The first example of a PBD monomer, the natural product anthramycin, was discovered in the 1960s, and the best known PBD dimer, SJG-136 (also known as SG2000, NSC 694501 or BN2629), was synthesized in the 1990s and has recently completed Phase II clinical trials in patients with leukaemia and ovarian cancer. More recently, PBD dimer analogues are being attached to tumor-targeting antibodies to create antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), a number of which are now in clinical trials, with many others in pre-clinical development. This Review maps the development from anthramycin to the first PBD dimers, and then to PBD-containing ADCs, and explores both structure-activity relationships (SARs) and the biology of PBDs, and the strategies for their use as payloads for ADCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mantaj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonBritannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, and Femtogenix Ltd, Britannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Paul J. M. Jackson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonBritannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, and Femtogenix Ltd, Britannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - Khondaker M. Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical ScienceKing's College LondonBritannia House, 7 Trinity Street, London SE1 1DB, and Femtogenix Ltd, Britannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| | - David E. Thurston
- Professor of Drug Discovery, King's College London, Faculty of Life Sciences & MedicineInstitute of Pharmaceutical ScienceBritannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
- Femtogenix LtdBritannia House, 7 Trinity StreetLondonSE1 1DBUK
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abdallah W, Daami-Remadi M, Znati M, Jannet HB, Gharbi R. Design and Synthesis of (3,5-Disubstituted Isoxazole)-Linked [1,5]-Benzodiazepine Conjugates: Evaluation of their Antimicrobial and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities. JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3184/174751917x14815427219121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel 2-(3,5-disubstituted isoxazolyl)-1,5-benzodiazepines and 2,4-bis-(3,5-disubstituted isoxazolyl)-1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives have been designed and synthesised by employing an alkyne/nitrile oxide cycloaddition ‘click’ type chemistry protocol. The structures of the compounds were determined on the basis of 1H, 13C and 2D-NMR techniques and by HRMS analysis. These hybrid molecules exhibit moderate to significant antimicrobial and anti-tyrosinase activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wejdane Abdallah
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11SE39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products and Reactivity, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mejda Daami-Remadi
- Integrated Horticultural Production in the Tunisian Centre East, The Regional Centre of Research on Horticulture and Organic Agriculture of Chott-Mariem, Sousse University, Chott-Mariem, 4042 Tunisia
| | - Mansour Znati
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11SE39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products and Reactivity, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11SE39), Team: Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products and Reactivity, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Rafik Gharbi
- Laboratory of Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mantaj J, Jackson PJM, Rahman KM, Thurston DE. Entwicklung Pyrrolobenzodiazepin(PBD)-haltiger Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugate (ADCs) ausgehend von Anthramycin. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201510610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Mantaj
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; King's College London
- Femtogenix Ltd; London Großbritannien
| | - Paul J. M. Jackson
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; King's College London
- Femtogenix Ltd; London Großbritannien
| | - Khondaker M. Rahman
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; King's College London
- Femtogenix Ltd; London Großbritannien
| | - David E. Thurston
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science; Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine; King's College London; Britannia House, 7 Trinity Street London SE1 1DB Großbritannien
- Femtogenix Ltd; Britannia House; London 7 Trinity Street SE1 1DB Großbritannien
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tiberghien AC, Levy JN, Masterson LA, Patel NV, Adams LR, Corbett S, Williams DG, Hartley JA, Howard PW. Design and Synthesis of Tesirine, a Clinical Antibody-Drug Conjugate Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Dimer Payload. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:983-987. [PMID: 27882195 PMCID: PMC5108040 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolobenzodiazepine dimers are an emerging class of warhead in the field of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Tesirine (SG3249) was designed to combine potent antitumor activity with desirable physicochemical properties such as favorable hydrophobicity and improved conjugation characteristics. One of the reactive imines was capped with a cathepsin B-cleavable valine-alanine linker. A robust synthetic route was developed to allow the production of tesirine on clinical scale, employing a flexible, convergent strategy. Tesirine was evaluated in vitro both in stochastic and engineered ADC constructs and was confirmed as a potent and versatile payload. The conjugation of tesirine to anti-DLL3 rovalpituzumab has resulted in rovalpituzumab-tesirine (Rova-T), currently under evaluation for the treatment of small cell lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Neki V. Patel
- QMB Innovation
Centre, Spirogen, 42 New Road, E1 2AX London, U.K.
| | - Lauren R. Adams
- QMB Innovation
Centre, Spirogen, 42 New Road, E1 2AX London, U.K.
| | - Simon Corbett
- QMB Innovation
Centre, Spirogen, 42 New Road, E1 2AX London, U.K.
| | | | - John A. Hartley
- QMB Innovation
Centre, Spirogen, 42 New Road, E1 2AX London, U.K.
| | - Philip W. Howard
- QMB Innovation
Centre, Spirogen, 42 New Road, E1 2AX London, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Varvounis G. An Update on the Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepines. Molecules 2016; 21:154. [PMID: 26828475 PMCID: PMC6273195 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolo[1,4]benzodiazepines are tricyclic compounds that are considered “privileged structures” since they possess a wide range of biological activities. The first encounter with these molecules was the isolation of anthramycin from cultures of Streptomyces, followed by determination of the X-ray crystal structure of the molecule and a study of its interaction with DNA. This opened up an intensive synthetic and biological study of the pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines that has culminated in the development of the dimer SJG-136, at present in Phase II clinical trials. The synthetic efforts have brought to light some new synthetic methodology, while the contemporary work is focused on building trimeric pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines linked together by various heterocyclic and aliphatic chains. It is the broad spectrum of biological activities of pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]benzodiazepines that has maintained the interest of researchers to date whereas several derivatives of the even less studied pyrrolo[1,2-d][1,4]benzodiazepines were found to be potent non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The present review is an update on the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines since the last major review of 2011, while the overview of the synthesis of the other two tricyclic isomers is comprehensive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Varvounis
- Department of Chemistry, Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Ioannina, 451 10 Ioannina, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mahdavi M, Lijan H, Bahadorikhalili S, Ma’mani L, Rashidi Ranjbar P, Shafiee A. Copper supported β-cyclodextrin grafted magnetic nanoparticles as an efficient recyclable catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoldibenzodiazepinone derivatives via click reaction. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27275k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cu immobilized into β-cyclodextrin covalently attached to magnetic nanoparticles (denoted as [Cu@β-CD@SPIONs]) is reported as an efficient and recoverable catalyst for “click” and multicomponent reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdavi
- Drug design and development research center
- Tehran University of Medical Science
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Hosein Lijan
- School of Chemistry
- College of Science
- University of Tehran
- Tehran
- Iran
| | | | - Leila Ma’mani
- Department of Nanotechnology
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran (ABRII)
- Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)
- Karaj
- Iran
| | | | - Abbas Shafiee
- Department of Medical Chemistry
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science Research Center
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences
- Tehran
- Iran
| |
Collapse
|