Copper-mediated selective aerobic oxidative C3-cyanation of indoles with DMF

Photoassisted Charge Transfer Between DMF and Substrate: Facile and Selective N,N-Dimethylamination of Fluoroarenes

A reversible Van der Waals complex formation between the electron-deficient fluorinated aromatic ring and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) molecules followed by light irradiation resulted in charge transfer (CT) process. The complex was stabilized by ammonium formate and further decomposed to form the C-N bond. Control experiments revealed that the simultaneous S_N Ar pathway also contributes to product formation. This methodology is mild, metal-free, and effective for the amination of a variety of substrates. The reproducibility of this methodology was also verified on gram-scale reactions. The CT states were supported by control UV/Vis spectroscopy and computational studies.

Three Resorcin[4]arene-Based Two-Dimensional Zn(II) Supramolecular Isomers Synthesized via a Structure-Directing Strategy for Knoevenagel Condensation

Herein, in the presence of three structure-directing agents (SDAs), a family of imidazole-functionalized resorcin[4]arene-based coordination polymers (CPs), [Zn(TIC4R)(HCOO)]·HCOO·0.5DMF·1.5H₂O (1), [Zn(TIC4R)(CN)]·HCOO·DMF·2.5H₂O (2), and [Zn(TIC4R)(H₂O)]·2HCOO·2H₂O (3), were assembled under solvothermal conditions [TIC4R = tetra(imidazole) resorcin[4]arene]. 1 exhibits a double-layer structure with rectangle windows, and 2 and 3 display monolayer structures. The layers of CPs 2 and 3 are slides with different offsets along the a-axis. In addition, three CPs were used as catalysts to catalyze Knoevenagel condensations. Strikingly, all CPs exhibit remarkable catalytic performance for several substrates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a small organic acid as SDA was used in the syntheses of resorcin[4]arene-based supramolecular isomers.

Iodine Promoted Conversion of Esters to Nitriles and Ketones under Metal-Free Conditions

We report a novel strategy to prepare valuable nitriles and ketones through the conversion of esters under metal-free conditions. By using the I₂/PCl₃ system, various substrates including aliphatic and aromatic esters could react with acetonitrile and arenes to afford the desired products in good to excellent yields. This method is compatible with a number of functional groups and provides a simple and practical approach for the synthesis of nitrile compounds and aryl ketones.

Theoretical studies on Rh(iii)-catalyzed regioselective C-H bond cyanation of indole and indoline

Density functional theory calculations were carried out to study the reaction mechanism of the Rh(iii)-catalyzed regioselective C-H cyanation of indole and indoline with N-cyano-N-phenyl-para-methylbenzenesulfonamide (NCTS). This mechanism involves four major steps: C-H activation, cyano group insertion, β-N elimination, and regeneration of active species. How different indole and indoline substrates affect the regioselectivity of C-H bond cyanation has been examined and analyzed in detail. Our calculation results indicate that the regioselectivity of C-H bond cyanation of indole depends on the nucleophilicity of carbon atoms in C-Rh(iii) bonds to the cyano group. For indoline, it can be attributed to the different hybridization platforms of the C-H bond activation.

Recent Uses of N,N-Dimethylformamide and N,N-Dimethylacetamide as Reagents

N,N-Dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide are multipurpose reagents which deliver their own H, C, N and O atoms for the synthesis of a variety of compounds under a number of different experimental conditions. The review mainly highlights the corresponding literature published over the last years.

Beyond a solvent: triple roles of dimethylformamide in organic chemistry

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) is frequently used as an aprotic solvent in chemical transformations in laboratories of academia as well as in those of chemical industry. In the present review, we will reveal that DMF is actually something much more than a solvent. It is a unique chemical since, as well as being an effective polar aprotic solvent, it can play three other important roles in organic chemistry. It can be used as a reagent, a catalyst, and a stabilizer.

Copper-Catalyzed Cross-Dehydrogenative N2-Coupling of NH-1,2,3-Triazoles with N,N -Dialkylamides: N-Amidoalkylation of NH-1,2,3-Triazoles

An efficient copper-catalyzed C-N bond formation by N-H/C-H cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) between NH-1,2,3-triazoles and N,N-dialkylamides has been developed. The method provided N-amidoalkylated 1,2,3-triazoles with moderate to high yields, and the reactions showed high N²-selectivities when 4,5-disubstituted NH-1,2,3-triazoles served as the substrates.

Copper(ii)-mediated formation of oxazole-4-carbonitrile from acetophenone and coordinated cyanide anion via a radical coupling

A protocol for the direct synthesis of 4-aryloxazole-5-carbonitrile from acetophenone was first described.