Transition metal-free steric controlled one-pot synthesis of highly substituted N -amino 1,2,3-triazole derivatives via diazo transfer reaction from β-keto esters

Triazoles and Their Derivatives: Chemistry, Synthesis, and Therapeutic Applications

Among the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, triazoles emerge with superior pharmacological applications. Structurally, there are two types of five-membered triazoles: 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. Due to the structural characteristics, both 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-triazoles are able to accommodate a broad range of substituents (electrophiles and nucleophiles) around the core structures and pave the way for the construction of diverse novel bioactive molecules. Both the triazoles and their derivatives have significant biological properties including antimicrobial, antiviral, antitubercular, anticancer, anticonvulsant, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidepressant activities. These are also important in organocatalysis, agrochemicals, and materials science. Thus, they have a broad range of therapeutic applications with ever-widening future scope across scientific disciplines. However, adverse events such as hepatotoxicity and hormonal problems lead to a careful revision of the azole family to obtain higher efficacy with minimum side effects. This review focuses on the structural features, synthesis, and notable therapeutic applications of triazoles and related compounds.

Metal-free syntheses of N-functionalized and NH-1,2,3-triazoles: an update on recent developments

An overview of the latest developments in the metal-free synthesis of non-benzo-fused N-functionalized and NH-1,2,3-triazoles is provided in this feature article. Synthetic studies that appeared from 2016 until August 2020 are organized according to a wide-ranging classification, comprising oxidative and eliminative azide-dipolarophile cycloadditions, diazo transfer reactions and N-tosylhydrazone-mediated syntheses. The newly developed methods constitute a significant contribution to the field of 1,2,3-triazole synthesis in terms of structural variation via either the exploration of novel reactions, or the exploitation of existing methodologies.

Crystal structure of 4-aminopyridinium 4-acetyl-(pyridin-4-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-5-olate monohydrate, C14H16N6O3

C14H16N6O3, triclinic, space group P1̅ (no. 2), a = 7.7890(5) Å, b = 8.6069(6) Å, c = 12.4753(8) Å, α = 77.064(4)°, β = 72.754(3)°, γ = 67.148(3)°, V = 730.40(9) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0594, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1542, T = 297(2) K.