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Substitutional Diversity-Oriented Synthesis and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Framework-Integrated Estradiol-Benzisoxazole Chimeras. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217456. [PMID: 36364293 PMCID: PMC9654004 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybridization of steroids and other pharmacophores often modifies the bioactivity of the parent compounds, improving selectivity and side effect profile. In this study, estradiol and 3′-(un)substituted benzisoxazole moieties were combined into novel molecules by structural integration of their aromatic rings. Simple estrogen starting materials, such as estrone, estradiol and estradiol-3-methylether were used for the multistep transformations. Some of the heterocyclic derivatives were prepared from the estrane precursor by a formylation or Friedel–Crafts acylation—oximation—cyclization sequence, whereas others were obtained by a functional group interconversion strategy. The antiproliferative activities of the synthesized compounds were assessed on various human cervical, breast and prostate cancer cell lines (HeLa, MCF-7, PC3, DU-145) and non-cancerous MRC-5 fibroblast cells. Based on the primary cytotoxicity screens, the most effective cancer-selective compounds were selected, their IC50 values were determined and their apoptosis-inducing potential was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Pharmacological studies revealed a strong structure–function relationship, where derivatives with a hydroxyl group on C-17 exhibited stronger anticancer activity compared to the 17-acetylated counterparts. The present study concludes that novel estradiol-benzisoxazole hybrids exert remarkable cancer cell-specific antiproliferative activity and trigger apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Chen W, Feng B, Han S, Wang P, Chen W, Zang Y, Li J, Hu Y. Discovery of highly potent SARS-CoV-2 M pro inhibitors based on benzoisothiazolone scaffold. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 58:128526. [PMID: 34998903 PMCID: PMC8730469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically impacted global economies and public health. Although vaccine development has been successful, it was not sufficient against more infectious mutant strains including the Delta variant indicating a need for alternative treatment strategies such as small molecular compound development. In this work, a series of SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors were designed and tested based on the active compound from high-throughput diverse compound library screens. The most efficacious compound (16b-3) displayed potent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibition with an IC50 value of 116 nM and selectivity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro when compared to PLpro and RdRp. This new class of compounds could be used as potential leads for further optimization in anti COVID-19 drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiong Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bo Feng
- School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Sheng Han
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wuhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No.103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang 110016, China; Open Studio for Druggability Research of Marine Natural Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), 1 Wenhai Road, Aoshanwei Jimo, Qingdao 266237, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
| | - Youhong Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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