4CzIPN catalyzed photochemical oxidation of benzylic alcohols

NHPI-Catalyzed Electro-Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones

A practical and recyclable electro-oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones by using N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI) as the catalyst is presented. Through an undivided pool, under constant current conditions, various alcohols can be oxidized to the corresponding aldehydes or ketones in a high yield. Compared with previous methods, this system has the following characteristics: (1) the catalyst, electrode, electrolyte, and solvent (mainly water) are recyclable; (2) it has many advantages such as mild reaction conditions, easy operation, and good tolerance of functional groups; and (3) it can be smoothly scaled up to kilogram-scale production.

One Pot Synthesis of New Benzimidazole Derivatives with Exceptionally High Luminescence Quantum Efficiency

AIM AND OBJECTIVES

There are different approaches to the synthesis of benzimidazole. In this article, five new benzimidazole derivatives, BMPO, Me-BMPO, Di-MeBMPO, F-BMPO and Cl-BMPO where (BMPO=3-[(1H)-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl]pyridin-2(1H)-one), have been prepared. Another study was carried out on luminescence properties and their potential applications for the detection of transition metal ions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

From the one-pot synthesis approach, all the derivatives of the benzimidazole compounds were obtained. The compounds were characterized using HRMS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and X-ray crystallography. Herein, a mechanism has been deciphered by predicting the release of HCl(g).

RESULTS

All compounds showed a strong deep blue emission when dissolved in dimethylacetamide (DMA), with emission wavelengths at 423, 428, 435, 423, and 421 nm, and half-times of 3.64, 2.77, 2, 19, 3.42 and 3.52 ns, respectively. In addition, their emission quantum yields were determined to be 72, 50, 42, 73 and 80%.

CONCLUSION

Five new benzimidazole derivatives, BMPO, Me-BMPO, Di-MeBIPO, F-BIPO, and Cl-BIPO, have been successfully synthesized by the one-pot synthesis method, and their structures are characterized and confirmed. The compounds exhibited exceptional luminescence by emitting a strong blue light in DMA with high fluorescence quantum yields between 42~80%.

Site-selective C-H alkylation of myo-inositol via organic photoredox catalysis

Site-selective photoredox reactions with aromatic olefins enable direct alkylation of unprotected myo-inositol at C4. The efficacy of these reactions can be finely tuned by modifying the structures of HAT reagents. These reactions open the possibility of selective C-H alkylations of myo-inositol without the need for multi-step protection-deprotection strategies.

Bioinspired o-Naphthoquinone-Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes and Ketones

A biomimetic alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH)-like oxidation protocol was developed using an ortho-naphthoquinone catalyst in the presence of a catalytic amount of base. The developed organocatalytic aerobic oxidation protocol proceeds through the intramolecular 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer of naphthalene alkoxide intermediates, a mechanistically distinctive feature from the previous alcohol dehydrogenase mimics that require metals in the active form of catalysts. The ADH-like aerobic oxidation protocol should provide green alternatives to the existing stoichiometric and metal-catalyzed alcohol oxidation reactions.

Visible Light-Induced Aerobic Oxidative Dehydrogenation of C-N/C-O to C=N/C=O Bonds Using Metal-Free Photocatalysts: Recent Developments

Performing synthetic transformation using visible light as energy source, in the presence of a photocatalyst as a promoter, is currently of high interest, and oxidation reactions carried out under these conditions using oxygen as the final oxidant are particularly convenient from an environmental point of view. This review summarizes the recent developments achieved in the oxidative dehydrogenation of C-N and C-O bonds, leading to C=N and C=O bonds, respectively, using air or pure oxygen as oxidant and metal-free homogeneous or recyclable heterogeneous photocatalysts under visible light irradiation.

Visible-Light-Driven Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes Using Water-Soluble CdSe Quantum Dots

The oxidative cleavage of C=C bonds is an important chemical reaction, which is a popular reaction in the photocatalytic field. However, high catalyst-loading and low turnover number (TON) are general shortcomings in reported visible-light-driven reactions. Herein, the direct oxidative cleavage of C=C bonds through water-soluble CdSe quantum dots (QDs) is described under visible-light irradiation at room temperature with high TON (up to 3.7×10⁴ ). Under the same conditions, water-soluble CdSe QDs could also oxidize sulfides to sulfoxides with 51-84 % yields and TONs up to 3.4×10⁴ . The key features of this photocatalytic protocol include high TONs, wide substrates scope, low catalyst loadings, simple and mild reaction conditions, and molecular O₂ as the oxidant.

Photocatalytic, site-selective oxidations of carbohydrates

Site-selective oxidations of carbohydrates, employing acridinium photocatalysis and quinuclidine hydrogen atom transfer catalysis, are presented. Protocols have been developed for oxidations of all-equatorial carbohydrates as well as those containing cis-1,2-diols. Site-selectivity reflects the relative rates of hydrogen atom transfer from the carbohydrate C-H bonds, and can be enhanced using a phosphate hydrogen-bonding or boronic acid catalyst.