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Stornelli MC, Praderio RG, García MF, Nuñez Favre R, García Mitacek MC, de la Sota RL, Stornelli MA. Serum progesterone concentration, volume, and apoptosis of corpora lutea in early, middle and late diestrus in the bitch. Anim Reprod Sci 2020; 221:106591. [PMID: 32947187 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2020.106591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to study number, volume, apoptosis of corpora lutea (CL), and serum P4 concentrations in early, middle, and late diestrus of dogs. Thirty-six bitches were ovari-hysterectomized (OVX): Early Diestrus (Group [G]1; OVX 20 days after end of estrus [DEH]); Mid-diestrus (GII; OVX between 21 and 40 days after DEH), and Late-diestrus (GIII; OVX between 41 and 60 days after DEH). Before OVX a blood sample was collected to quantify P4. After OVX, the number of CL (NCL) was recorded, CL measured using both ultrasonography (US) and caliper (CAL), and the volume (mm3) was calculated. Based on abundances of caspase-3, apoptotic luteal cells were detected. Bitches in early-diestrus had greater P4 concentrations than bitches in mid- and late-diestrus (23.52 ± 3.78 and 10.86 ± 3.88 ng/mL; P < 0.05). The NCL, cumulative USCLV, and CALCLV were similar among diestrus stages (P > 0.30). Bitches with CL (≥5) had twice the serum P4 concentrations as bitches with CL1-2 and CL3-4 (22.71 ± 3.70 and 10.97 ± 4.06 ng/mL; P < 0.05). There were correlations between P4 concentrations with USCLV, CALCLV, and NCL (r = 0.64, r = 0.67, r = 0.44; P < 0.0001). When serum P4 concentrations were adjusted for stages of diestrus, however, there were only correlations during early diestrus. The percentage of apoptotic cells was greater in GIII compared with GI and GII (13.75 ± 2.26 % compared with 4.5 ± 0.68 % and 4.6 ± 1.5 %, respectively; P < 0.05). As days of diestrus increased, number of apoptotic cells increased, and serum P4 concentrations decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cecilia Stornelli
- Instituto De Investigaciones En Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad De Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP, BA, Argentina
| | - Romina Giselle Praderio
- Instituto De Investigaciones En Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad De Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP, BA, Argentina; CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - María F García
- Instituto De Investigaciones En Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad De Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP, BA, Argentina; CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - Romina Nuñez Favre
- Instituto De Investigaciones En Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad De Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP, BA, Argentina; CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - María Carla García Mitacek
- Instituto De Investigaciones En Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad De Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP, BA, Argentina; CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - Rodolfo Luzbel de la Sota
- Instituto De Investigaciones En Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad De Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP, BA, Argentina; CONICET, CABA, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Stornelli
- Instituto De Investigaciones En Reproducción Animal (INIRA), Facultad De Ciencias Veterinarias, UNLP, BA, Argentina.
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Špoljarić B, Svoboda D, Gereš D, Vince S, Špoljarić D, Popović M, Žubčić D, Butković I, Šavorić J, Grizelj J, Samardžija M. Combination of dopamine agonist and prostaglandin administration for pregnancy termination in bitches – a novel approach. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1814784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Darko Gereš
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Silvijo Vince
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel Špoljarić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Popović
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Damir Žubčić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - I. Butković
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J. Šavorić
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - J. Grizelj
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M. Samardžija
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Bencharif D, Amirat-Briand L, Garand A, Anton M, Schmitt E, Desherces S, Delhomme G, Langlois ML, Barrière P, Destrumelle S, Vera-Munoz O, Tainturier D. Freezing canine sperm: Comparison of semen extenders containing Equex® and LDL (Low Density Lipoproteins). Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 119:305-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 01/18/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
In dogs, the termination of the 3-10-month obligate anoestrus involves selection of a cohort of LH-sensitive follicles, presumably from a wave of dominant small antral follicles that would otherwise undergo atresia. The number and size of such follicles appears to increase, especially during the last 50 days of anoestrus when the already elevated concentrations of FSH become further elevated. The final selection and eventual terminal development of these follicles is caused by an increased frequency of high-amplitude LH pulses at the end of anoestrus. Concomitant increases in FSH are typically small or negligible. High concentrations of FSH in anoestrus are likely to be important in maintaining, if not stimulating, overlapping waves of dominant follicles throughout anoestrus, their expression of aromatase activity and basal oestradiol secretion sufficient to suppress LH by negative feedback. An attractive hypothesis is that late anoestrus increases in LH-stimulate synthesis of precursor androgen for already available FSH-dependent aromatase. After 7 or more days of elevated LH, and perhaps 2-5 days of semi-autonomous growth, with maximal oestradiol production reached, follicle capacity to further increase oestradiol becomes limited and excess progesterone becomes increasingly secreted. The pre-ovulatory LH surge and oestrus onset are then triggered - often synchronously and in concert with the terminal maturation of the follicles - by central effects of the large decrease in the oestrogen to progestin ratio. Follicular endocrine and paracrine events during and following the LH surge are likely similar to those reported for other species. The prolonged luteal phase lengths of 55-75 days in non-pregnant bitches bracket the 64 +/- 1 day in pregnancy and represent a genetically programmed luteal cell lifespan approximating gestation length as occurs in the luteal phase of hysterectomized animals of most polyoestrous artiodactyls and rodents. The 30-40-day slow regression after day 20 to 30 involves periodic cell death, diminution in cell size, low levels of apoptosis and minimal or modest involvement of endogenous prostaglandin F (PGF) production. The canine corpus luteum (CL) is dependent on both LH and prolactin as stimulating luteotrophins by day 15, and as required luteotrophins by days 20-25, if not earlier. Thereafter, both luteotrophins likely have cellular mechanisms of action similar to those reported for other species. Progesterone secretion during pregnancy is greatly enhanced by characteristic, and probably relaxin-stimulated, increases in prolactin concentration starting at or after day 25, and persisting to term. Near term, foetoplacental maturation results in the placental release of large, luteolytic amounts of PGF for 1-2 days pre-partum. Pre-partum luteolysis, like that induced by exogenous prostaglandin, likely involves a cascade enhanced by the removal of progesterone inhibition of PGF release and some degree of intra-luteal PGF synthesis. That a likely twofold or greater increase in progesterone production by the CL of pregnancy does not result in significantly higher serum progesterone than in non-pregnant metoestrus relates to several biological changes, including a large increase in plasma volume of distribution, increased metabolism of progesterone by increased uterine, placental and mammary masses and increased liver clearance and excretion of progesterone and progesterone metabolite. Anoestrus length and ovarian cycle intervals, variable within and among bitches, are likely affected by neuroendocrine components of an endogenous circannual cycle, albeit only photo-entrained in the Basenji breed. This may be modified by the prior luteal phase, exposure to oestrus female pheromones and as yet unknown mechanisms that likely operate via inhibitory opioidergic and/or stimulatory dopaminergic hypothalamic pathways affecting late anoestrus increases in LH.
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Affiliation(s)
- P W Concannon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Martin N, Höftmann T, Politt E, Hoppen HO, Sohr M, Günzel-Apel AR, Einspanier A. Morphological examination of the corpora lutea from pregnant bitches treated with different abortifacient regimes. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 44 Suppl 2:185-9. [PMID: 19754564 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Different abortifacient regimes in dogs were analysed for their effect on the pregnancy corpora lutea (CL), namely, prostaglandin F2a analogue cloprostenol (CLO) combined with dopamine agonist cabergoline (CAB), or progesterone (P4) receptor antagonist aglepristone (AGL). Ovaries were collected after 6-10 days of treatment during first trimester. The CL of the control-group showed strong expression of relaxin (RLX), its receptor RXFP1 and enzymes of steroid biosynthesis (HSD) with high peripheral P4-levels. Whereas RXL, RXFP1 and HSD were lowest expressed in the CLO/CAB-group with a massive degeneration of CL and their blood vessels combined with low peripheral P4-level. The AGL-group showed less extensive CL degeneration and more intensive staining of the examined factors than CLO/CAB. In summary, all examined factors are associated with normal luteal function and are useful tools to stage luteolysis. Although both treatments have the same abortive action, their sequence of events on the CL is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Martin
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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Bencharif D, Amirat L, Anton M, Schmitt E, Desherces S, Delhomme G, Langlois ML, Barrière P, Larrat M, Tainturier D. The advantages of LDL (Low Density Lipoproteins) in the cryopreservation of canine semen. Theriogenology 2008; 70:1478-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.06.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 06/22/2008] [Accepted: 06/23/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Chapwanya A, Clegg T, Stanley P, Vaughan L. Comparison of the Immulite and RIA assay methods for measuring peripheral blood progesterone levels in Greyhound bitches. Theriogenology 2008; 70:795-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2008] [Revised: 05/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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