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da Fonseca JF, Castro ACR, Arashiro EKN, Oliveira MEF, Zambrini FN, Esteves LV, Brandão FZ, Souza-Fabjan JMG. Effects of hCG administration on accessory corpus luteum formation and progesterone production in estrous-induced nulliparous Santa Inês ewes. Anim Reprod 2018; 15:135-139. [PMID: 34122644 PMCID: PMC8186880 DOI: 10.21451/1984-3143-ar2017-957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of hCG administration on accessory corpus luteum (ACL) formation, CL area, and
plasma progesterone (P4) concentration (ng/mL) seven days after breeding was studied in
nulliparous Santa Inês sheep. Intravaginal 60 mg MAP sponges were inserted into ewes
for six days and 300 IU eCG i.m. and 30 µg d-cloprostenol latero-vulvar were administered
24 h before sponge removal. Ewes were naturally bred and, seven days after first mating (Day
0; D0), were treated with either 250 IU hCG (hCG group; n = 7) or 1 mL saline solution (control
group; n = 7). Blood was collected to determine plasma P4 concentrations and sonograms were
performed on Days 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, and 22. Number of CL on D7 was similar (P > 0.05) between
hCG (1.3 ± 0.5) and control (1.3 ± 0.5) groups; however, on D13, it was greater
(P < 0.05) in the hCG group (2.3 ± 0.5) than in the control group (1.3 ± 0.5).
A greater (P < 0.05) luteal tissue area was detected in hCG-treated ewes (n = 4) on Days 16
to 22 than in the animals in the control group (n = 7). Plasma P4 concentration on D13 to D22 was
higher (P < 0.05) in hCG-treated animals than in control ewes. Administration of hCG seven
days after estrus onset efficiently induced accessory CL formation in ewes, increasing luteal
tissue area and plasma P4 concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Emilia Franco Oliveira
- Department of Preventative Veterinary Medicine and Animal Reproduction, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Nunes Zambrini
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Viçosa, Av PH Rolfs s/n, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Macmillan K, Kastelic JP, Colazo MG. Update on Multiple Ovulations in Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2018; 8:ani8050062. [PMID: 29695075 PMCID: PMC5981273 DOI: 10.3390/ani8050062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This review updates the causal mechanisms and risk factors for multiple ovulations (MOV) in cattle. Clearly, MOV can lead to twin pregnancies, which negatively affects the health, production, and reproduction of cows. Therefore, a better understanding of the factors causing MOV may help to reduce twinning. Multiple ovulations occur after two or more follicles deviate and achieve codominance. The MOV rate is influenced by a complex network of hormones. For example, MOV is more common during periods of low progesterone (P4), that is, in anovulatory cattle or when luteolysis coincides with the selection of the future ovulatory follicle. There is also strong evidence for the luteinizing hormone (LH) being the primary factor leading to codominance, as high P4 concentrations suppress the transient LH surges and can reduce the ovulation rate in cattle or even inhibit deviation. Rates of MOV are increased in older and higher-producing dairy cows. Increased milk production and dry matter intake (DMI) increases hormone clearance, including P4; however, the association between milk yield and MOV has not been consistent. Additional risk factors for MOV include ovarian cysts, diet, season, and genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Macmillan
- Livestock Research Section, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB T6H 5T6, Canada.
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6, Canada.
| | - Marcos G Colazo
- Livestock Research Section, Alberta Agriculture and Forestry, Edmonton, AB T6H 5T6, Canada.
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Garcia-Ispierto I, De Rensis F, Casas X, Caballero F, Mur-Novales R, López-Gatius F. Reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows after inducing ovulation using hCG in a five-day progesterone-based fixed-time AI protocol. Theriogenology 2018; 107:175-179. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Szelényi Z, Répási A, de Sousa NM, Beckers JF, Szenci O. Accuracy of diagnosing double corpora lutea and twin pregnancy by measuring serum progesterone and bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 in the first trimester of gestation in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2015; 84:76-81. [PMID: 25864126 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) and bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 (bPAG-1) concentrations during gestation are dependent on the number of CL and fetuses, respectively. The objective of this present study was to measure and evaluate the usefulness of measuring the P4 and bPAG-1 concentrations in cases of single versus twin pregnancies and one versus two CL at the first 4 months of gestation. We hypothesized that both the number of the CL and the number of fetus might have an effect on P4 and pregnancy protein concentrations, and we can set up clinically useful threshold levels to predict twin gestations. Eighty-four Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were enrolled in this prospective observational clinical trial. Blood was collected at time point 1: between Days 29 and 42, time point 2: between Days 57 and 70, time point 3: between Days 85 and 98, and time point 4: between Days 113 and 126 of gestation, and bPAG-1 and P4 concentrations were measured. Binary logistic regression analyzing serum P4 concentrations differed at time point 2 compared with baseline level, but the area under the curve (AUC) had low sensitivity. The bPAG-1 concentrations were statistically different at each time point of gestation. The AUC cutoff values of serum bPAG-1 concentrations were sufficiently sensitive to differentiate between twin gestations from singleton ones. At time points 3 (cutoff value of 3.4 ng/mL) and 4 (cutoff value of 56.5 ng/mL), statistically significant differences with low sensitivity, high specificity, and a high AUC were found. On the basis of these results, the diagnosis of twin pregnancy using pregnancy protein measurements is clinically insufficient before Day 85 of gestation; however, the ability to confirm the early twin pregnancy diagnosis with bPAG-1 measurements appears to be promising. To achieve high sensitivity, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szelényi
- Department and Clinic for Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary; MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary.
| | - Attila Répási
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
| | - Noelita Melo de Sousa
- Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Reproduction, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean Francois Beckers
- Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Reproduction, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Otto Szenci
- Department and Clinic for Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary; MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
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Voelz B, Cline G, Hart C, Lemley C, Larson J. Effect of 2 corpora lutea on blood perfusion, peripheral progesterone, and hepatic steroid-inactivating enzymes in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2015; 98:288-94. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2014-8585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Strüve K, Herzog K, Magata F, Piechotta M, Shirasuna K, Miyamoto A, Bollwein H. The effect of metritis on luteal function in dairy cows. BMC Vet Res 2013; 9:244. [PMID: 24304943 PMCID: PMC3899931 DOI: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disturbed uterine involution impairs ovarian function in the first weeks after calving. This study analyzed the long-term effect of metritis on luteal function of 47 lactating Holstein-Friesian cows during the first four postpartum estrous cycles. Cows with abnormal uterine enlargement and malodorous lochia were classified as having metritis (group M, n = 18), and all others were considered healthy (group H, n = 29). Luteal size was measured once between days 9 and 13 of the first (group H, n = 11; group M, n = 12), second (group H, n = 23; group M, n = 18) and fourth (group H, n = 11; group M, n = 7) postpartum luteal phases. Serum progesterone concentration was measured at the same time. Sixteen cows (group H, n = 9; group M, n = 7) underwent transvaginal luteal biopsy for gene expression analysis of steroidogenic regulatory proteins during the second and fourth cycles. Cows with persistence of the corpus luteum (CL) underwent determination of luteal size, luteal biopsy and serum progesterone measurement once between days 29 and 33, followed by prostaglandin treatment to induce luteolysis. The same procedures were repeated once between days 9 and 13 of the induced cycle. Results The cows in group M had smaller first-cycle CLs than the cows in group H (p = 0.04), but progesterone concentrations did not differ between groups. Luteal size, progesterone concentration and gene expression did not differ between the two groups during the second and fourth cycles. Compared with healthy cows (10%), there was a trend (p = 0.07) toward a higher prevalence of persistent CLs in cows with metritis (33%). Persistent CLs were limited to the first cycle. Persistent CLs and the induced cyclic CLs did not differ with regard to the variables investigated. Conclusions An effect of metritis on luteal activity was apparent in the first postpartum estrous cycle. However, after the first postpartum cycle, no differences occurred in analyzed parameters between metritis and control cows. Therefore, a metritis is able to impair luteal activity transiently, but does not seem to have a long-term effect on luteal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaas Strüve
- Clinic for Cattle, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, D-30173, Hannover, Germany.
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Glick G, Hogeg M, Moallem U, Lavon Y, Wolfenson D. Follicular characteristics and luteal development after follicle-stimulating hormone induced multiple ovulations in heifers. J Anim Sci 2012; 91:188-94. [PMID: 23097398 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A protocol based on small doses of FSH was examined for the induction of double or triple (multiple) ovulations in cattle. Ovulation rate, follicular characteristics, and luteal responses were determined. In Exp. 1, three groups of estrous-synchronized, cyclic Holstein heifers were treated once daily, on d 3 to 6 of the cycle, with a FSH product (Folltropin-V): large FSH dose (total of 150 mg; n=18), medium FSH dose (total of 130 mg, n=12), and small FSH dose (total of 80 mg; n=7). Controls received saline (n=6). Prostaglandin F(2α) was injected on d 6, ultrasound-guided aspiration of surplus follicles (if needed) was performed on d 7, and GnRH was injected on d 8 to induce ovulation. The large FSH dose induced growth of more (2.6±0.3, P<0.05) large follicles than controls on d 8; medium and small FSH doses insufficiently stimulated growth of <2 large follicles. Ovulation rates were determined in subgroups of heifers (n=10, 13, 4, and 6, respectively). The large FSH dose induced greater rates (P<0.01) of mostly double and triple ovulations (90% multiple ovulations, 70% double ovulations), most of which (89%) were bilateral, with only 2 out of 10 heifers requiring aspiration of surplus follicles. Medium and small FSH doses induced fewer multiple ovulations (38% and 25%, respectively). Estradiol concentrations on d 8 did not differ among treatments, but the concentration per large follicle in controls was greater (P<0.05) than in FSH treatments. Mean corpus luteum (CL) volume in single-ovulation controls was greater (P<0.05) than that of multiple ovulations in the large FSH group and total CL volume and progesterone concentrations were numerically greater in multiple ovulations. In Exp. 2, the characteristics of follicles aspirated on d 7 from large FSH (n=11) and control heifers (n=10) were compared. Based on estradiol-to-progesterone ratio, 57% of the large FSH-treated follicles were classified as codominant/healthy follicles and 43% as subordinate/early atretic. Although concentrations of estradiol and androstenedione in FSH-treated codominant follicles were less (P<0.05) than in controls, estradiol-to-progesterone ratio indicated that those follicles were steroidogenically active. Finely tuned small doses of FSH administered during the first follicular wave can induce a large incidence of double/triple, mainly bilateral, ovulations in cattle, which may serve as a basis for treatment aimed at promoting twinning in beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Glick
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot 76100
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Role of increased estradiol on altering the follicle diameters and gonadotropin concentrations that have been reported for double-ovulating heifers. Anim Reprod Sci 2010; 122:335-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2010.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2010] [Revised: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 10/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Shabankareh HK, Habibizad J, Sarsaifi K, Cheghamirza K, Jasemi VK. The effect of the absence or presence of a corpus luteum on the ovarian follicular population and serum oestradiol concentrations during the estrous cycle in Sanjabi ewes. Small Rumin Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2010.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shabankareh HK, Habibizad J, Torki M. Corpus luteum function following single and double ovulation during estrous cycle in Sanjabi ewes. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 114:362-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2008] [Revised: 09/28/2008] [Accepted: 10/10/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Marinelli L, Rota A, Carnier P, Da Dalt L, Gabai G. Factors affecting progesterone production in corpora lutea from pregnant and diestrous bitches. Anim Reprod Sci 2009; 114:289-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Factors affecting pregnancy loss for single and twin pregnancies in a high-producing dairy herd. Theriogenology 2009; 71:1462-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Influence of somatic cell count, body condition and lameness on follicular growth and ovulation in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2008; 71:801-6. [PMID: 19059637 PMCID: PMC2651481 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2008] [Revised: 10/01/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of somatic cell count (SCC), body condition score (BCS) or lameness score on ovarian follicular growth and ovulation in dairy cows. Seventy four animals 30–80 days post-partum were monitored for all three conditions before synchronization of ovarian follicular phases by administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) followed seven days later with prostaglandin F2alpha (PG). Ultrasonography of both ovaries twice daily throughout the follicular phase revealed that fewer animals with combined high SCC and lameness (4/9) ovulated compared to healthy animals (19/21; P = 0.006) or animals with only high SCC (11/11; P = 0.004) or only lameness (21/27; P = 0.06). Overall, regardless of the presence of other concurrent conditions, fewer lame cows ovulated than Non Lame animals (30/42 and 30/32; P = 0.015). Mean follicular growth and maximum follicular diameter were unaffected by any of the three conditions. However, dominant follicle growth and maximum diameter were greater in the 60 animals that ovulated compared to the 14 that did not; 1.83 ± 0.16 versus 0.96 ± 0.26 mm/day (P = 0.014) and 19.4 ± 0.4 versus 16.4 ± 1.2 mm (P = 0.003), respectively. In conclusion, lameness reduced the proportion of cows that ovulated and the synergistic effect of high SCC and lameness reduced that proportion further. However, follicular growth and maximum follicular diameter were unaffected by high SCC, low BCS or lameness.
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Factors affecting plasma progesterone in the early fetal period in high producing dairy cows. Theriogenology 2008; 69:426-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2007] [Revised: 10/18/2007] [Accepted: 10/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Stevenson J, Portaluppi M, Tenhouse D. Factors Influencing Upfront Single- and Multiple-Ovulation Incidence, Progesterone, and Luteolysis Before a Timed Insemination Resynchronization Protocol. J Dairy Sci 2007; 90:5542-51. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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