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Clinical Overview of Luteal Deficiency in Dairy Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12151871. [PMID: 35892521 PMCID: PMC9330503 DOI: 10.3390/ani12151871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Luteal deficiency is defined as reduced progesterone production by the corpus luteum, either in the amount or duration, or both. The clinical manifestations include primary infertility and pregnancy loss during the late embryonic/early fetal period (30–50 days post-AI). This work provides a clinical overview of the current understanding of luteal deficiency and its association with low fertility in dairy cows. Abstract Luteal deficiency is defined as reduced progesterone (P4) steroidogenesis by the corpus luteum (CL), either in the amount or duration, or both. This work provides a clinical overview of the current understanding of luteal deficiency and its association with low fertility in dairy cows. Low plasma P4 concentrations during the luteal phase post-artificial insemination (AI) are associated with lower conception rates. Treatments post-AI with P4, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) improve fertility in some conditions. Sub-luteal function during the late embryonic period (at pregnancy diagnosis, i.e., 28–34 days post-AI), is just one factor among other factors associated with pregnancy loss. Treatment with P4 in cows with one CL favors pregnancy maintenance, while GnRH treatment does the same in cows carrying twins. The diagnosis of sub-luteal function can be made clinically on the basis of plasma or milk P4 concentrations. Automated in-line milk P4 analysis systems to diagnose luteal activity emerge as a very interesting tool in dairy herds. Monitoring plasma or milk P4 concentrations with the help of Doppler ultrasonography to assess the CL function would allow individualizing the luteal phase support.
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Mei C, Wang H, Liao Q, Wang L, Cheng G, Wang H, Zhao C, Zhao S, Song J, Guang X, Liu GE, Li A, Wu X, Wang C, Fang X, Zhao X, Smith SB, Yang W, Tian W, Gui L, Zhang Y, Hill RA, Jiang Z, Xin Y, Jia C, Sun X, Wang S, Yang H, Wang J, Zhu W, Zan L. Genetic Architecture and Selection of Chinese Cattle Revealed by Whole Genome Resequencing. Mol Biol Evol 2017; 35:688-699. [PMID: 29294071 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msx322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The bovine genetic resources in China are diverse, but their value and potential are yet to be discovered. To determine the genetic diversity and population structure of Chinese cattle, we analyzed the whole genomes of 46 cattle from six phenotypically and geographically representative Chinese cattle breeds, together with 18 Red Angus cattle genomes, 11 Japanese black cattle genomes and taurine and indicine genomes available from previous studies. Our results showed that Chinese cattle originated from hybridization between Bos taurus and Bos indicus. Moreover, we found that the level of genetic variation in Chinese cattle depends upon the degree of indicine content. We also discovered many potential selective sweep regions associated with domestication related to breed-specific characteristics, with selective sweep regions including genes associated with coat color (ERCC2, MC1R, ZBTB17, and MAP2K1), dairy traits (NCAPG, MAPK7, FST, ITFG1, SETMAR, PAG1, CSN3, and RPL37A), and meat production/quality traits (such as BBS2, R3HDM1, IGFBP2, IGFBP5, MYH9, MYH4, and MC5R). These findings substantially expand the catalogue of genetic variants in cattle and reveal new insights into the evolutionary history and domestication traits of Chinese cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chugang Mei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongcheng Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qijun Liao
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Gong Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hongbao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chunping Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Jiuzhou Song
- Department of Animal and Avian Sciences, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA
| | | | - George E Liu
- Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Maryland, USA
| | - Anning Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xueli Wu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | | | - Xin Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Stephen B Smith
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, Texas, USA
| | - Wucai Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Wanqiang Tian
- Yangling Vocational & Technical College, Yangling, China
| | - Linsheng Gui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rodney A Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zhongliang Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yaping Xin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Cunling Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiuzhu Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shuhui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huanming Yang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.,James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | | | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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López-Gatius F, Andreu-Vázquez C, Mur-Novales R, Cabrera V, Hunter R. The dilemma of twin pregnancies in dairy cattle. A review of practical prospects. Livest Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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4
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Causes of declining fertility in dairy cows during the warm season. Theriogenology 2016; 91:145-153. [PMID: 28215679 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
In the Northern Hemisphere, from June to September and in the Southern Hemisphere from December to March, there are periods of reduced fertility (sub-fertility) in dairy cows that are described as summer infertility. Several factors contribute to sub-fertility during this time, such as ambient temperature, humidity and photoperiod. During the warm season there is a reduction in feed intake that may compromise the energy balance of the cow and/or induce an imbalance in the activity of the hypothalamo-hypophyseal-ovarian axis. These factors reduce the reproductive performance of the cow and compromise the quality of oocytes, embryos and corpora lutea. This paper reviews current knowledge on the metabolic and endocrine mechanisms that induce summer infertility and describe their effects on follicle, oocyte and embryo development in dairy cows.
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5
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Tomasek R, Rezac P, Havlicek Z. Environmental and animal factors associated with gestation length in Holstein cows and heifers in two herds in the Czech Republic. Theriogenology 2016; 87:100-107. [PMID: 27616214 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective was to assess the effects of the month of conception, month of calving, sex of the calf, and twins on gestation length (GL) in Holstein cows and heifers in two dairy herds with different milk yields. The study was performed in northeast Czech Republic over a 6-year period on two commercial dairy herds with a mean annual milk production of 11,060 kg per cow in the higher milk-producing herd and 8854 kg per cow in the lower milk-producing herd. Gestation length in cows that conceived in different months of the year was longer in the higher milk-producing herd than that in the lower milk-producing herd throughout the year (P < 0.01), whereas GL in heifers was almost the same in both herds. Gestation length in cows that conceived in different months of the year was longer than that in heifers through the whole year in both herds (P < 0.05). Similar results were found in cows and heifers that calved in different months of the year. Gestation length in cows and heifers that conceived in the first months of the year was longer than in those that conceived in the last months of the year in both herds (P < 0.05). Gestation length in cows and heifers that calved in late fall and throughout winter was longer than in those that calved in spring and summer in both herds (P < 0.05). Gestation length in females carrying male calves was longer than in those carrying female calves (P < 0.0001). Gestation length in cows (P < 0.0001) and heifers (P < 0.05) carrying singles was longer than in those carrying twins in both herds. In conclusion, results indicate that GL in Holstein cattle is associated with the month of conception, month of calving, herd, parity, sex of the calf, and twins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Tomasek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - P Rezac
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Z Havlicek
- Department of Animal Morphology, Physiology and Genetics, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Mercadante PM, Ribeiro ES, Risco C, Ealy AD. Associations between pregnancy-associated glycoproteins and pregnancy outcomes, milk yield, parity, and clinical diseases in high-producing dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2016; 99:3031-3040. [PMID: 26851856 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2015-10595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAG) are produced by the ruminant placenta and secreted into the maternal circulation throughout pregnancy. The extent to which circulating PAG concentrations predict pregnancy outcomes was examined herein. Also, associations between circulating PAG concentrations and various production parameters and clinical diseases were evaluated. Lactating primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows (n=345) were bred via timed artificial insemination using a standard Ovsynch protocol. Pregnancy was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography at d 32, 46, and 74 of gestation. Blood was harvested at d 32 to determine plasma concentrations of PAG and progesterone. Cows pregnant at d 32 that subsequently lost their pregnancy at d 46 and 74 had reduced PAG concentrations. Both artificial insemination service number and parity were associated with plasma PAG concentrations. Concentration of PAG in plasma was greater for cows pregnant from their second or later breeding than those pregnant from the first breeding postpartum, and was increased for primiparous compared with multiparous. In addition, cows with greater milk yield had increased plasma PAG concentrations. No association was detected between body condition score and plasma PAG concentrations. Cows that experienced clinical metritis, metabolic problems, or left displacement abomasum in the early postpartum period preceding breeding had greater plasma PAG concentrations than cows not experiencing these clinical diseases. Also, cows with multiple clinical diseases had increased odds of pregnancy loss when compared with cows not experiencing clinical diseases. Odds ratio testing detected a tendency in the relationship between reduced milk yield and increased pregnancy loss. Collectively, these associations illustrate one feature of the early developing placenta that may predict pregnancy outcomes in dairy cattle. It is unclear if plasma PAG are actively involved with mediating pregnancy outcomes, but modifications in circulating PAG concentrations due to pregnancy loss, milk yield, parity, and clinical disease implicate placental PAG production or PAG release as being responsive to various physiological stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Mercadante
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - E S Ribeiro
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1 Canada
| | - C Risco
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | - A D Ealy
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611; Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061.
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De Rensis F, Garcia-Ispierto I, López-Gatius F. Seasonal heat stress: Clinical implications and hormone treatments for the fertility of dairy cows. Theriogenology 2015; 84:659-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Szelényi Z, Répási A, de Sousa NM, Beckers JF, Szenci O. Accuracy of diagnosing double corpora lutea and twin pregnancy by measuring serum progesterone and bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 in the first trimester of gestation in dairy cows. Theriogenology 2015; 84:76-81. [PMID: 25864126 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Progesterone (P4) and bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 (bPAG-1) concentrations during gestation are dependent on the number of CL and fetuses, respectively. The objective of this present study was to measure and evaluate the usefulness of measuring the P4 and bPAG-1 concentrations in cases of single versus twin pregnancies and one versus two CL at the first 4 months of gestation. We hypothesized that both the number of the CL and the number of fetus might have an effect on P4 and pregnancy protein concentrations, and we can set up clinically useful threshold levels to predict twin gestations. Eighty-four Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were enrolled in this prospective observational clinical trial. Blood was collected at time point 1: between Days 29 and 42, time point 2: between Days 57 and 70, time point 3: between Days 85 and 98, and time point 4: between Days 113 and 126 of gestation, and bPAG-1 and P4 concentrations were measured. Binary logistic regression analyzing serum P4 concentrations differed at time point 2 compared with baseline level, but the area under the curve (AUC) had low sensitivity. The bPAG-1 concentrations were statistically different at each time point of gestation. The AUC cutoff values of serum bPAG-1 concentrations were sufficiently sensitive to differentiate between twin gestations from singleton ones. At time points 3 (cutoff value of 3.4 ng/mL) and 4 (cutoff value of 56.5 ng/mL), statistically significant differences with low sensitivity, high specificity, and a high AUC were found. On the basis of these results, the diagnosis of twin pregnancy using pregnancy protein measurements is clinically insufficient before Day 85 of gestation; however, the ability to confirm the early twin pregnancy diagnosis with bPAG-1 measurements appears to be promising. To achieve high sensitivity, further studies are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Szelényi
- Department and Clinic for Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary; MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary.
| | - Attila Répási
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
| | - Noelita Melo de Sousa
- Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Reproduction, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jean Francois Beckers
- Laboratory of Animal Endocrinology and Reproduction, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health (FARAH), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Otto Szenci
- Department and Clinic for Production Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Szent István University, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary; MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Üllő-Dóra major, Hungary
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9
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Karen A, Bajcsy AC, Minoia R, Kovács R, De Sousa NM, Beckers JF, Tibold J, Mádl I, Szenci O. Relationship of progesterone, bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-1 and nitric oxide with late embryonic and early fetal mortalities in dairy cows. J Reprod Dev 2014; 60:162-7. [PMID: 24531657 PMCID: PMC3999396 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2013-033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of progesterone (P4), bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein-1 (bPAG-1) and nitric oxide (NO) levels with late embryonic (LEM; day 28 to day 42) and early fetal mortalities (EFM; > day 42 to day 56) in dairy cows. Transrectal ultrasonography (6-8 MHz) was performed in 100 Holstein-Friesian cows at days 28, 42 and 56 after artificial insemination (AI; day 0) to diagnose pregnancy and to monitor the fate of the embryo. After ultrasound scanning of each cow, a milk sample was collected for assessment of P4 by an ELISA test and a blood sample was collected for assessment of bPAG-1, by using a double-antibody radioimmunoassay, and serum NO metabolites (nitrate + nitrite). Based on ultrasonographic examinations and bPAG-1-RIA, 41 of 100 inseminated cows were confirmed pregnant at day 28 after AI. Nine cows suffered of LEM, and 6 cows suffered of EFM and the overall pregnancy loss rate was 36.6% (15/41) between days 28 and 56 of pregnancy. By logistic regression analysis, there were no significant relationships between the level of P4 and bPAG-1 at day 28 after AI and the occurrence of LEM and EFM. Also, there were no significant relationships between the levels of P4 and bPAG-1 at day 42 and the occurrence of EFM. On the other hand, a significant relationship (P<0.05) was found between NO level at day 28 and the occurrence of LEM. In conclusion, measurement of the serum NO concentration at day 28 of pregnancy might help to predict the outcome of pregnancy by day 42 in dairy cows but further studies are needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aly Karen
- MTA-SZIE Large Animal Clinical Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Üllő-Dóra Major 2225, Hungary
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Garcia-Ispierto I, Abdelfatah A, López-Gatius F. Melatonin Treatment at Dry-off Improves Reproductive Performance Postpartum in High-producing Dairy Cows under Heat Stress Conditions. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:577-83. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I Garcia-Ispierto
- Center for Research into Animal Production (CIPA); University of Lleida; Lleida; Spain
| | | | - F López-Gatius
- Center for Research into Animal Production (CIPA); University of Lleida; Lleida; Spain
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Bartolome J, Wallace SP, de la Sota R, Thatcher W. The effect of administering equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) post artificial insemination on fertility of lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology 2012; 78:1110-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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12
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López-Gatius F. Factors of a noninfectious nature affecting fertility after artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows. A review. Theriogenology 2012; 77:1029-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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López-Gatius F, García-Ispierto I. Ultrasound and Endocrine Findings that Help to Assess the Risk of Late Embryo/Early Foetal Loss by Non-Infectious Cause in Dairy Cattle. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 45 Suppl 3:15-24. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01620.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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14
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López-Gatius F, García-Ispierto I, Hunter R. Factors affecting spontaneous reduction of corpora lutea and twin embryos during the late embryonic/early fetal period in multiple-ovulating dairy cows. Theriogenology 2010; 73:293-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2009] [Revised: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Santolaria P, López-Gatius F, García-Ispierto I, Bech-Sàbat G, Angulo E, Carretero T, Sánchez-Nadal JA, Yániz J. Effects of cumulative stressful and acute variation episodes of farm climate conditions on late embryo/early fetal loss in high producing dairy cows. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2010; 54:93-98. [PMID: 19707796 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-009-0258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine possible relationships between farm climate conditions, recorded from day 0 to day 40 post-artificial insemination (AI), and late embryo/early fetal loss in high producing dairy cows. Pregnancy was diagnosed by rectal ultrasonography between 28 and 34 days post-AI. Fetal loss was registered when a further 80- to 86-day diagnosis proved negative. Climate variables such as air temperature and relative humidity (RH) were monitored in the cubicles area for each 30-min period. Temperature-humidity indices (THI); cumulative stressful values and episodes of acute change (defined as the mean daily value 1.2 times higher or lower than the mean daily values of the 10 previous days) of the climate variables were calculated. The data were derived from 759 cows in one herd. A total of 692 pregnancies (91.2%) carried singletons and 67 (8.8%) carried twins. No triplets were recorded. Pregnancy loss was recorded in 6.7% (51/759) of pregnancies: 5.6% (39/692) in single and 17.9% (12/67) in twin pregnancies. Using logistic regression procedures, a one-unit increase in the daily cumulative number of hours for the THI values higher than 85 during days 11-20 of gestation caused a 1.57-fold increase in the pregnancy loss, whereas the likelihood of fetal loss increased by a factor of 1.16 for each additional episode of acute variation for the maximum THI values during gestation days 0-40. THI values higher than 85 and episodes of acute variation for the maximum THI values were only recorded during the warm and cool periods, respectively. The presence of twins led to a 3.98-fold increase in pregnancy loss. In conclusion, our findings show that cumulative stressful and episodes of acute variation of climatic conditions can compromise the success of gestation during both the cool and warm periods of the year. Twin pregnancy was confirmed as a main factor associated with pregnancy loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Santolaria
- Institute of Environmental Science, Escuela Politécnica Superior, University of Zaragoza, Ctra. Curate s/n, 22071, Huesca, Spain.
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Bech-Sàbat G, García-Ispierto I, Yániz J, López-Gatius F. Therapeutic Approaches to Pregnancy Loss of Non-infectious Cause During the Late Embryonic/Early Foetal Period in Dairy Cattle. A Review. Reprod Domest Anim 2009; 45:e469-75. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2009.01562.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Factors affecting pregnancy loss for single and twin pregnancies in a high-producing dairy herd. Theriogenology 2009; 71:1462-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Pregnancy patterns during the early fetal period in high producing dairy cows treated with GnRH or progesterone. Theriogenology 2009; 71:920-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2008] [Revised: 10/18/2008] [Accepted: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Yániz J, López-Gatius F, Bech-Sàbat G, García-Ispierto I, Serrano B, Santolaria P. Relationships between Milk Production, Ovarian Function and Fertility in High-producing Dairy Herds in North-eastern Spain. Reprod Domest Anim 2008; 43 Suppl 4:38-43. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01227.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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