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Wang P, Al Azad MAR, Yang X, Martelli PR, Cheung KY, Shi J, Shen Y. Self-adaptive and efficient propulsion of Ray sperms at different viscosities enabled by heterogeneous dual helixes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2024329118. [PMID: 34088836 PMCID: PMC8201849 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2024329118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We disclose a peculiar rotational propulsion mechanism of Ray sperms enabled by its unusual heterogeneous dual helixes with a rigid spiral head and a soft tail, named Heterogeneous Dual Helixes (HDH) model for short. Different from the conventional beating propulsion of sperm, the propulsion of Ray sperms is from both the rotational motion of the soft helical tail and the rigid spiral head. Such heterogeneous dual helical propulsion style provides the Ray sperm with high adaptability in viscous solutions along with advantages in linearity, straightness, and bidirectional motion. This HDH model is further corroborated by a miniature swimming robot actuated via a rigid spiral head and a soft tail, which demonstrates similar superiorities over conventional ones in terms of adaptability and efficiency under the same power input. Such findings expand our knowledge on microorganisms' motion, motivate further studies on natural fertilization, and inspire engineering designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panbing Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - M A R Al Azad
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiong Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Kam Yan Cheung
- Veterinary Department, Ocean Park Corporation, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiahai Shi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shen Zhen, China
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Center, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yajing Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shen Zhen, China
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Neumann G, Joaquim Bernardes Junior J, Neumann V, Bombardelli RA. Comparing accuracy of fish sperm motility measurements obtained from two computational extremes in tracking approaches: Nearest neighbor and multiple hypothesis tracking. Reprod Domest Anim 2021; 56:829-836. [PMID: 33657254 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a study to assess the accuracy of nearest neighbour (NN) and multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) methods-which are opposite extremes in computational complexity-in determining the percentage of motile sperms and the number of sperms tracked in simulated data of fish sperm movements, and to evaluate the resulting number of tracking errors and analysis duration. Sperm tracking and swimming path assembly were assessed in 36 video clips (1 s length at 100 fps) of emulated Rhamdia quelen sperm kinetics at different densities (50, 100, 200 or 300 spermatozoa in the field of view) and motility rates (30, 60 or 90%). The MHT method accurately estimated the percentage of motile sperms, whereas NN underestimated it by up to 6.59%. Increase in sperm density reduced the number of sperms tracked from both trackers. With more than 50 sperms in the field of view, NN and MHT tracked 73% and 92% of the ground-truth sperm count, respectively. Both trackers showed a quadratic increase in tracking errors with increasing sperm density. The maximum percentage of errors at 90% motility was 12% for NN and 4.7% for MHT. The MHT tracker required up to 150 s to track 300 sperms, whereas NN completed the tracking procedure in less than 0.5 s. On maintaining a density of up to 100 sperms in the field of view, it was possible to obtain high accuracy, low number of tracking errors and an acceptable analysis duration with both tracking methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovano Neumann
- Laboratório de Tecnologia da Reprodução de Animais Aquáticos Cultiváveis - LATRAAC, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, Toledo, Brazil
| | - Jurandir Joaquim Bernardes Junior
- Laboratório de Biologia e Cultivo de Peixes de Água Doce - LAPAD, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Valdecir Neumann
- Departamento de Tecnologia da Informação, Secretaria de Administração, Prefeitura Municipal de Toledo, Toledo, Brazil
| | - Robie Allan Bombardelli
- Laboratório de Tecnologia da Reprodução de Animais Aquáticos Cultiváveis - LATRAAC, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná - UNIOESTE, Toledo, Brazil
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Izawa Y, Shingyoji C. Mechanical induction of oscillatory movement in demembranated, immotile flagella of sea urchin sperm at very low ATP concentrations. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb225797. [PMID: 32796042 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.225797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oscillation is a characteristic feature of eukaryotic flagellar movement. The mechanism involves the control of dynein-driven microtubule sliding under self-regulatory mechanical feedback within the axoneme. To define the essential factors determining the induction of oscillation, we developed a novel experiment by applying mechanical deformation of demembranated, immotile sea urchin sperm flagella at very low ATP concentrations, below the threshold of ATP required for spontaneous beating. Upon application of mechanical deformation at above 1.5 µmol l-1 ATP, a pair of bends could be induced and was accompanied by bend growth and propagation, followed by switching the bending direction. For an oscillatory, cyclical bending response to occur, the velocity of bend propagation towards the flagellar tip must be kept above certain levels. Continuous formation of new bends at the flagellar base was coupled with synchronized decay of the preceding paired bends. Induction of cyclical bends was initiated in a constant direction relative to the axis of the flagellar 9+2 structure, and resulted in the so-called principal bend. In addition, stoppage of the bending response occasionally occurred during development of a new principal bend, and in this situation, formation of a new reverse bend did not occur. This observation indicates that the reverse bend is always active, opposing the principal bend. The results show that mechanical strain of bending is a central component regulating the bend oscillation, and switching of the bend direction appears to be controlled, in part, by the velocity of wave propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhide Izawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Chikako Shingyoji
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
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4
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Desai N, Ardekani AM. Biofilms at interfaces: microbial distribution in floating films. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1731-1750. [PMID: 31976509 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02038a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cellular motility is a key function guiding microbial adhesion to interfaces, which is the first step in the formation of biofilms. The close association of biofilms and bioremediation has prompted extensive research aimed at comprehending the physics of microbial locomotion near interfaces. We study the dynamics and statistics of microorganisms in a 'floating biofilm', i.e., a confinement with an air-liquid interface on one side and a liquid-liquid interface on the other. We use a very general mathematical model, based on a multipole representation and probabilistic simulations, to ascertain the spatial distribution of microorganisms in films of different viscosities. Our results reveal that microorganisms can be distributed symmetrically or asymmetrically across the height of the film, depending on their morphology and the ratio of the film's viscosity to that of the fluid substrate. Long-flagellated, elongated bacteria exhibit stable swimming parallel to the liquid-liquid interface when the bacterial film is less viscous than the underlying fluid. Bacteria with shorter flagella on the other hand, swim away from the liquid-liquid interface and accumulate at the free surface. We also analyze microorganism dynamics in a flowing film and show how a microorganism's ability to resist 'flow-induced-erosion' from interfaces is affected by its elongation and mode of propulsion. Our study generalizes past efforts on understanding microorganism dynamics under confinement by interfaces and provides key insights on biofilm initiation at liquid-liquid interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Desai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Arezoo M Ardekani
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Boryshpolets S, Kholodnyy V, Cosson J, Dzyuba B. Fish sperm motility analysis: the central role of the flagellum. Reprod Fertil Dev 2019; 30:833-841. [PMID: 29650062 DOI: 10.1071/rd17478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Motility analysis of spermatozoa relies on the investigation of either head trajectories or flagellum characteristics. Those two sets of parameters are far from being independent, the flagellum playing the role of motor, whereas the head plays a passive role of cargo. Therefore, quantitative descriptions of head trajectories represent a simplification of the complex pattern of whole sperm cell motion, resulting from the waves developed by the flagellum. The flagellum itself responds to a large variety of signals that precisely control its axoneme to allow activation, acceleration, slowing down or reorientation of the whole spermatozoon. Thus, it is obvious that analysis of flagellum characteristics provides information on the original source of movement and orientation of the sperm cell and presents additional parameters that enrich the panoply of quantitative descriptors of sperm motility. In this review, we briefly describe the methodologies used to obtain good-quality images of fish spermatozoa (head and especially flagellum) while they move fast and the methods developed for their analysis. The paper also aims to establish a link between classical analyses by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) and the descriptors generated by fish sperm flagellum analysis, and emphasises the information to be gained regarding motility performance from flagellum motion data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergii Boryshpolets
- University of South Bohemia in ?eské Bud?jovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vod?any, Czech Republic
| | - Vitaliy Kholodnyy
- University of South Bohemia in ?eské Bud?jovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vod?any, Czech Republic
| | - Jacky Cosson
- University of South Bohemia in ?eské Bud?jovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vod?any, Czech Republic
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- University of South Bohemia in ?eské Bud?jovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vod?any, Czech Republic
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6
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Structure and beating behavior of the sperm motility apparatus in aquatic animals. Theriogenology 2019; 135:152-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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7
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Leveraging collective effects in externally driven colloidal suspensions: experiments and simulations. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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8
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Xin M, Sterba J, Shaliutina-Kolesova A, Dzyuba B, Lieskovska J, Boryshpolets S, Siddique MAM, Kholodnyy V, Lebeda I, Linhart O. Protective role of antifreeze proteins on sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) sperm during cryopreservation. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2018; 44:1527-1533. [PMID: 30022341 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0538-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The loss of sperm quality in sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) due to freeze-thaw process in cryopreservation was investigated in the present study. Two antifreeze proteins (AFPI or AFPIII) were used at different concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/mL. We compared motility, curvilinear velocity, and plasma membrane integrity of fresh, cryopreserved sperm, and sperm cryopreserved in the presence of antifreeze proteins. Fresh sperm (control) had 85 ± 4% motility and 160 ± 2 μm/s curvilinear velocity, respectively. After cryopreservation, the motility of frozen-thawed sperm without addition of antifreeze proteins significantly decreased (44 ± 9%), compared to the control. The highest motility of frozen-thawed sperm was obtained in cryopreserved sperm with addition of 1 μg/mL of AFPIII (58 ± 14%). No significant differences were observed in curvilinear velocity between fresh sperm and cryopreserved sperm with/without addition of AFPI or AFPIII. The flow cytometry analysis revealed that fresh sperm contained 94.5 ± 6% live cells, while the cryopreserved sperm only contained 26.6 ± 14% live cells. Supplementation of antifreeze proteins has significantly improved the percentage of live cells in frozen-thawed sperm, except 0.1 μg/ml of AFPI group. No significant difference in percentage of live cells was detected in the sperm cryopreserved with 10 μg/mL of AFPI or AFPIII, compared to fresh sperm. Thus, addition of antifreeze proteins to cryopreservation medium could be considered to improve the post-thawed sperm quality of sterlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Xin
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic.
- Sino-Czech Joint Laboratory of Fish Conservation and Biotechnology: Key Laboratory of Freshwater Biodiversity Conservation, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Jan Sterba
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Shaliutina-Kolesova
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Lieskovska
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Branisovska 1760, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Parasitology, Branisovska 31, 370 05, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Serhii Boryshpolets
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Mohammad Abdul Momin Siddique
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
- Department of Oceanography, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Vitaliy Kholodnyy
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Ievgen Lebeda
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Otomar Linhart
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Zatisi 728/II, 389 25, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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9
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Horokhovatskyi Y, Rodina M, Asyabar HD, Boryshpolets S, Dzyuba B. Consequences of uncontrolled cooling during sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) sperm cryopreservation on post-thaw motility and fertilizing ability. Theriogenology 2017; 95:89-95. [PMID: 28460686 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The significant influence of the number and position of fish sperm sample straws in uncontrolled cooling devices on post-thaw spermatozoa parameters, such as motility and fertilizing ability, is presented in this study. The two most popular uncontrolled cooling devices were used in this study: a Styrofoam box setup with a polystyrene floating raft on liquid nitrogen and the dry shipper setup with a straw holder. We tested the effect of different quantities of straws (6 or 60) placed on the polystyrene floating raft and the position of the straws in the holder (on the periphery or in the centre). Using these cooling methods, sperm of 10 male sterlets diluted with methanol containing cryoprotective medium was frozen. All temperature changes were recorded by a thermocouple inside the straw, and the thermogram intervals were analysed. Spermatozoa motility was evaluated by video microscopy with integrated computer-assisted sperm analysis software. Fertilization trials were conducted at a 105 spermatozoa/egg ratio. Post-thaw spermatozoa parameters, including the percent of motile spermatozoa, curvilinear velocity, velocity according to the smoothed path, linearity of track, beat-cross frequency and fertilization rate, were significantly decreased in the 60-straw floating raft setup in comparison to all of the other cooling methods. The freezing rate between -10 °C and -30 °C was significantly decreased by up to 18.6 ± 0.61 °C/min for the 60-straw floating raft setup in comparison to the other freezing conditions. Considering the above results, efforts to standardize cryopreservation protocols using uncontrolled cooling devices should take into account the amount of straws subjected to freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yevhen Horokhovatskyi
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Marek Rodina
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Hadiseh Dadras Asyabar
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Sergii Boryshpolets
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
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10
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Falkenberg LJ, Havenhand JN, Styan CA. Sperm Accumulated Against Surface: A novel alternative bioassay for environmental monitoring. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 114:51-57. [PMID: 26763685 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Forecasting the impacts of changes in water quality on broadcast spawning aquatic organisms is a key aspect of environmental monitoring. Rapid assays of reproductive potential are central to this monitoring, and there is a need to develop a variety of methods to identify responses. Here, we report a proof-of-concept study that assesses whether quantification of "Sperm Accumulated Against Surface" (SAAS) of tissue culture well-plates could be a rapid and simple proxy measure of fertilisation success. Our results confirm that motile sperm (but not immotile sperm) actively accumulate at surfaces and that the pattern of accumulation reflects fertilisation success in the model oyster species Crassostrea gigas. Furthermore, we confirm these patterns of SAAS for another marine species, the polychaete Galeolaria caespitosa, as well as for a freshwater species, the fish Gasterosteus aculeatus. For all species considered, SAAS reflected changes in sperm performance caused by experimentally manipulated differences in water quality (here, salinity). These findings indicate that SAAS could be applied easily to a range of species when examining the effects of water quality. Measurement of SAAS could, therefore, form the basis of a rapid and reliable assay for bioassessments of broadcast spawning aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Falkenberg
- School of Energy and Resources, UCL Australia, University College London, Torrens Building, 220 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
| | - Jon N Havenhand
- Department of Marine Sciences - Tjärnö, University of Gothenburg, 452 96, Strömstad, Sweden
| | - Craig A Styan
- School of Energy and Resources, UCL Australia, University College London, Torrens Building, 220 Victoria Square, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia
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11
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Ishimoto K, Cosson J, Gaffney EA. A simulation study of sperm motility hydrodynamics near fish eggs and spheres. J Theor Biol 2015; 389:187-97. [PMID: 26542943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
For teleost fish fertilisation, sperm must proceed through a small opening on the egg surface, referred to as the micropyle. In this paper, we have used boundary element simulations to explore whether the hydrodynamic attraction between sperm and a fish egg can be a sperm guidance cue. Hydrodynamical egg-sperm interactions alone do not increase the chances of an egg encounter, nor do they induce surface swimming for virtual turbot fish sperm across smooth spheres with a diameter of 1mm, which is representative of a turbot fish egg. When a repulsive surface force between the virtual turbot sperm and the egg is introduced, as motivated by surface charge and van-der-Waals interactions for instance, we find that extended surface swimming of the virtual sperm across a model turbot egg occurs, but ultimately the sperm escapes from the egg. This is due to the small exit angle of the scattering associated with the initial sperm-egg interaction at the egg surface, leading to a weak drift away from the egg, in combination with a weak hydrodynamical attraction between both gametes, though the latter is not sufficient to prevent eventual escape. The resulting transience is not observed experimentally but is a detailed quantitative difference between theory and observation in that stable surface swimming is predicted for eggs with radii larger than about 1.8mm. Regardless, the extended sperm swimming trajectory across the egg constitutes a two-dimensional search for the micropyle and thus the egg is consistently predicted to provide a guidance cue for sperm once they are sufficiently close. In addition, the observation that the virtual turbot sperm swims stably next to a flat plane given repulsive surface interactions, but does not swim stably adjacent to a turbot-sized egg, which is extremely large by sperm-lengthscales, also highlights that the stability of sperm swimming near a boundary is very sensitive to geometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Ishimoto
- The Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Jacky Cosson
- University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Czech Republic.
| | - Eamonn A Gaffney
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
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12
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Dzyuba V, Dzyuba B, Cosson J, Rodina M. Enzyme activity in energy supply of spermatozoon motility in two taxonomically distant fish species (sterlet Acipenser ruthenus, Acipenseriformes and common carp Cyprinus carpio, Cypriniformes). Theriogenology 2015; 85:567-74. [PMID: 26483312 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As spermatozoon motility duration differs significantly among fish species, the mechanism of ATP generation-regeneration and its distribution along the flagellum may be species-dependent. The present study compared the role of creatine kinase (CK) with that of adenylate kinase (AK) in ATP regeneration during motility of demembranated spermatozoa of taxonomically distant fish species, sterlet, and common carp, allowing investigation for the presence of the creatine-phosphocreatine (PCr) shuttle in sterlet spermatozoa. The flagellar beat frequency of demembranated spermatozoa was measured in reactivating media in the presence or absence of ATP, ADP, PCr, and CK and AK inhibitors. After demembranation, AK, CK, and total ATPase activity was measured in spermatozoon extracts. Beat frequency of demembranated spermatozoa was found to be positively correlated with ATP levels in reactivating medium and to reach a plateau at 0.8 mM and 0.6 mM ATP for carp and sterlet, respectively. It was shown for the first time that sterlet axonemal dynein ATPases have a higher affinity for ATP than do those of carp. Supplementation of reactivating medium with ADP and PCr without ATP resulted in beat frequencies comparable to that measured with 0.3 to 0.5-mM ATP for both studied species. The presence of the PCr-CK phosphagen system and its essential role in ATP regeneration were first confirmed for sturgeon spermatozoa. The inhibition of CK exerted a high impact on spermatozoon energy supply in both species, whereas the inhibition of AK was more pronounced in sterlet than in carp. This was confirmed by the quantification of enzyme activity in spermatozoon extracts. We concluded that spermatozoa of these taxonomically distant species use similar systems to supply energy for flagella motility, but with different efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Dzyuba
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic; Department of Membrane Biophysics, Scientific-Research Institute of Biology, V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine.
| | - Borys Dzyuba
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Jacky Cosson
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Rodina
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Vodnany, Czech Republic
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Prokopchuk G, Dzyuba B, Bondarenko O, Rodina M, Cosson J. Motility initiation of sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) spermatozoa: Describing the propagation of the first flagellar waves. Theriogenology 2015; 84:51-61. [PMID: 25794841 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, for the first time in fish spermatozoa, we describe the precise chronology of motility initiation of sterlet (sturgeon) sperm from completely immotile flagella to regular full wave propagation. The successive activation steps were investigated by high-speed video microscopy, using specific experimental situation, where sperm motility initiation was delayed in time up to several seconds (10 ± 2.68 seconds). Starting from fully immotile, the flagellum shows some trembling for a brief period, soon followed by appearance of the first real bend (so-called "principal bend") with a large wave amplitude 4.28 ± 0.65 μm, then by the "reverse bend," the latter presenting a lower (P < 0.05) wave amplitude (1.14 ± 0.32 μm). This couple of first bends formed at the basal region begins to propagate toward the flagellar tip but gradually fades when reaching the midflagellum, wherein consequently the sperm cell remains nonprogressive. This behavior repeats several times until a stage where the amplitude of the reverse bend gradually reaches a value similar that of the principal bend: The larger amplitude of this couple of bends finally leads to sustain a real "takeoff" of the sperm cell characterized by a full flagellar wave propagation generating an active forward displacement similar to that occurring during regular steady state motility (several seconds after activation). Starting from the earliest stages of motility initiation, the wave propagation along the flagellum and formation of new waves proceeded in a helical manner leading to a 3-dimensional rotation of the whole spermatozoon. Eventually, we estimated that the time period needed from the activation signal (contact with fresh water) to full wave propagation ranges from 0.4 to 1.2 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Prokopchuk
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic.
| | - Boris Dzyuba
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Bondarenko
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Rodina
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Jacky Cosson
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
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14
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A study of spermatozoan swimming stability near a surface. J Theor Biol 2014; 360:187-199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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15
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Ishimoto K, Gaffney EA. Squirmer dynamics near a boundary. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:062702. [PMID: 24483481 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.062702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The boundary behavior of axisymmetric microswimming squirmers is theoretically explored within an inertialess Newtonian fluid for a no-slip interface and also a free surface in the small capillary number limit, preventing leading-order surface deformation. Such squirmers are commonly presented as abridged models of ciliates, colonial algae, and Janus particles and we investigate the case of low-mode axisymmetric tangential surface deformations with, in addition, the consideration of a rotlet dipole to represent torque-motor swimmers such as flagellated bacteria. The resulting boundary dynamics reduces to a phase plane in the angle of attack and distance from the boundary, with a simplifying time-reversal duality. Stable swimming adjacent to a no-slip boundary is demonstrated via the presence of stable fixed points and, more generally, all types of fixed points as well as stable and unstable limit cycles occur adjacent to a no-slip boundary with variations in the tangential deformations. Nonetheless, there are constraints on swimmer behavior-for instance, swimmers characterized as pushers are never observed to exhibit stable limit cycles. All such generalities for no-slip boundaries are consistent with observations and more geometrically faithful simulations to date, suggesting the tangential squirmer is a relatively simple framework to enable predications and classifications for the complexities associated with axisymmetric boundary swimming. However, in the presence of a free surface, with asymptotically small capillary number, and thus negligible leading-order surface deformation, no stable surface swimming is predicted across the parameter space considered. While this is in contrast to experimental observations, for example, the free-surface accumulation of sterlet sperm, extensive surfactants are present, most likely invalidating the low capillary number assumption. In turn, this suggests the necessity of surface deformation for stable free-surface three-dimensional finite-size microswimming, as previously highlighted in a two-dimensional mathematical study of singularity swimmers [Crowdy et al., J. Fluid Mech. 681, 24 (2011)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Ishimoto
- Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Eamonn A Gaffney
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX2 6GG, United Kingdom
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Boryshpolets S, Kowalski R, Dietrich G, Dzyuba B, Ciereszko A. Different computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) systems highly influence sperm motility parameters. Theriogenology 2013; 80:758-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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